Little is known about the prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao, an isolated subgroup of the Y... more Little is known about the prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao, an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of this study was to compare the difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors between the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. A cross-sectional study of hypertension in 1170 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 1173 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-89 was conducted by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. Information on diet and lifestyle was collected with standardized questionnaires. Blood pressure, serum lipids and several anthropometric parameters were obtained in all subjects. Systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure levels and hypertension prevalence (10.85% vs 16.45%, p<0.001) were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han. Hypertension was positively correlated with male, age, physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, total energy, total fat and sodium intakes, and negatively associated with education level and total dietary fibre intake in both ethnic groups (p<0.05-0.001). Hypertension was also positively associated with alcohol consumption in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (p<0.05 for all). The difference in the hypertension prevalence between the two ethnic groups might result from different diet, lifestyle, physical activity level, sodium intake and genetic factors.
Background The association between -250G>A polymorphism in the promoter region of the hepatic lip... more Background The association between -250G>A polymorphism in the promoter region of the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is contradictory in diverse ethnics. Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. This study was designed to detect the association of LIPC -250G>A (rs2070895) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Methods A total of 778 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 648 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-80 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the LIPC -250G>A was performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < 0.01 for all). The frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 50.0%, 43.3% and 6.7% in Bai Ku Yao, and 35.7%, 50.6% and 13.7% in Han (P < 0.01); respectively. The frequencies of G and A alleles were 71.7% and 28.3% in Bai Ku Yao, and 61.0% and 39.0% in Han (P < 0.01). The levels of HDL-C and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao were lower in GG genotype than in GA or AA genotype (P < 0.05-0.01). The levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and ApoB in Han were lower in GG genotype than in GA or AA genotype (P < 0.05-0.01). The levels of HDL-C and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao, and the levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and ApoB in Han were correlated with genotype and/or allele (P < 0.05 for all). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with age, sex, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, body weight, and body mass index in both ethnic groups. Conclusions The differences in the serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic frequency of LIPC -250G>A or different LIPC-enviromental interactions.
The inquiry of vector data and transmission of massive data between the client and the server end... more The inquiry of vector data and transmission of massive data between the client and the server end has become the critical key of the problem because of the contradiction between distributed WebGIS massive data and the limited bandwidth of network resources. Based on analysis of the two frameworks of WebGIS and the properties of intelligent agent in the field of distributed WebGIS, this paper attempts to present a hybrid model WebGIS framework. The performance of this hybrid model has been verified though the experiment for cable monitoring system conducted in state grid in Beijing. It has been proved that this framework is effective on improving the inquiry speed and maintaining a good network-load performance.
Hei Yi (meaning black worship and black dress) Zhuang is the most conservative group among the 43... more Hei Yi (meaning black worship and black dress) Zhuang is the most conservative group among the 43 ethnic subgroups of Zhuang in China due to its unique culture and customs. The prevalence of hypertension in this population has not been well defined. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly of the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. A total of 657 people of Hei Yi Zhuang aged 40 and over were randomly selected from 7 villages in Napo County of China. Information on the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors was collected by questionnaire. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as a measure of weight relative to height. The results were compared with those of 520 Han who live in the same district. The prevalence of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension in Hei Yi Zhuang was significantly higher than in Han (32.9 vs. 24.6%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, and 16.7 vs. 5.2%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). The systolic blood pressure levels and pulse pressure in Hei Yi Zhuang were also significantly higher than in Han (129 +/- 20.1 vs. 125.8 +/- 17.4 mm Hg, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, and 51.5 +/- 16.1 vs. 47.1 +/- 12.0 mm Hg, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with triglycerides, male, age, and alcohol consumption in Hei Yi Zhuang, whereas it was positively correlated with total cholesterol, male, age, alcohol consumption and BMI in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han are 7.9 vs. 19.5%, 4.2 vs. 13.3% and 1.4 vs. 9.4% (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01 for all), respectively. The current study reveals a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure levels, and the relative factors between the Hei Yi Zhuang and Han ethnic groups, which may have been due to differences in geographical characteristics, lifestyle, sodium intake, education levels, and even genetic factors.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2006
There are 56 nationalities in China. Han is the largest and Zhuang the second largest. Geographic... more There are 56 nationalities in China. Han is the largest and Zhuang the second largest. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, in which Hei Yi (meaning black-worship and black-dressing) Zhuang is proved to be the most conservative group according to its unique culture and custom. Information on the genetic influence on the lipid profile is limited in this population. To obtain some of this information, a cross-sectional survey of hyperlipidemia was carried out in 500 people of Hei Yi Zhuang and 500 people of Han in the same area. The genotypes and alleles of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP –493 G/T) were also determined, by polymerase chain reaction combined with an allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization method, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. The frequencies of the G and T alleles were 0.74 and 0.26, respectively, in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 0.73 and 0.27 (p >0.05) in Han. The frequencies of the GG, GT and TT genotypes were 0.58, 0.33 and 0.09, respectively, in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 0.56, 0.34 and 0.09 (p >0.05) in Han. In the combined population of both Hei Yi Zhuang and Han, the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B in the TT genotype were significantly higher than those in the GT (p <0.05 to <0.01) or GG genotypes (p <0.05 to <0.01), but there were no significant differences in their values between the GG and GT genotypes (p >0.05). The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were not significantly different among the three genotypes (p >0.05).
Little is known about the prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao, an isolated subgroup of the Y... more Little is known about the prevalence of hypertension in Bai Ku Yao, an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of this study was to compare the difference in the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors between the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. A cross-sectional study of hypertension in 1170 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 1173 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-89 was conducted by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. Information on diet and lifestyle was collected with standardized questionnaires. Blood pressure, serum lipids and several anthropometric parameters were obtained in all subjects. Systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure levels and hypertension prevalence (10.85% vs 16.45%, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han. Hypertension was positively correlated with male, age, physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, total energy, total fat and sodium intakes, and negatively associated with education level and total dietary fibre intake in both ethnic groups (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05-0.001). Hypertension was also positively associated with alcohol consumption in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05 for all). The difference in the hypertension prevalence between the two ethnic groups might result from different diet, lifestyle, physical activity level, sodium intake and genetic factors.
Background The association between -250G>A polymorphism in the promoter region of the hepatic lip... more Background The association between -250G>A polymorphism in the promoter region of the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is contradictory in diverse ethnics. Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. This study was designed to detect the association of LIPC -250G>A (rs2070895) polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations. Methods A total of 778 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 648 participants of Han Chinese aged 15-80 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the LIPC -250G>A was performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han (P < 0.01 for all). The frequencies of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 50.0%, 43.3% and 6.7% in Bai Ku Yao, and 35.7%, 50.6% and 13.7% in Han (P < 0.01); respectively. The frequencies of G and A alleles were 71.7% and 28.3% in Bai Ku Yao, and 61.0% and 39.0% in Han (P < 0.01). The levels of HDL-C and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao were lower in GG genotype than in GA or AA genotype (P < 0.05-0.01). The levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and ApoB in Han were lower in GG genotype than in GA or AA genotype (P < 0.05-0.01). The levels of HDL-C and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Bai Ku Yao, and the levels of HDL-C, LDL-C and ApoB in Han were correlated with genotype and/or allele (P < 0.05 for all). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with age, sex, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, body weight, and body mass index in both ethnic groups. Conclusions The differences in the serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic frequency of LIPC -250G>A or different LIPC-enviromental interactions.
The inquiry of vector data and transmission of massive data between the client and the server end... more The inquiry of vector data and transmission of massive data between the client and the server end has become the critical key of the problem because of the contradiction between distributed WebGIS massive data and the limited bandwidth of network resources. Based on analysis of the two frameworks of WebGIS and the properties of intelligent agent in the field of distributed WebGIS, this paper attempts to present a hybrid model WebGIS framework. The performance of this hybrid model has been verified though the experiment for cable monitoring system conducted in state grid in Beijing. It has been proved that this framework is effective on improving the inquiry speed and maintaining a good network-load performance.
Hei Yi (meaning black worship and black dress) Zhuang is the most conservative group among the 43... more Hei Yi (meaning black worship and black dress) Zhuang is the most conservative group among the 43 ethnic subgroups of Zhuang in China due to its unique culture and customs. The prevalence of hypertension in this population has not been well defined. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly of the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. A total of 657 people of Hei Yi Zhuang aged 40 and over were randomly selected from 7 villages in Napo County of China. Information on the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors was collected by questionnaire. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as a measure of weight relative to height. The results were compared with those of 520 Han who live in the same district. The prevalence of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension in Hei Yi Zhuang was significantly higher than in Han (32.9 vs. 24.6%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, and 16.7 vs. 5.2%, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). The systolic blood pressure levels and pulse pressure in Hei Yi Zhuang were also significantly higher than in Han (129 +/- 20.1 vs. 125.8 +/- 17.4 mm Hg, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, and 51.5 +/- 16.1 vs. 47.1 +/- 12.0 mm Hg, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with triglycerides, male, age, and alcohol consumption in Hei Yi Zhuang, whereas it was positively correlated with total cholesterol, male, age, alcohol consumption and BMI in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han are 7.9 vs. 19.5%, 4.2 vs. 13.3% and 1.4 vs. 9.4% (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01 for all), respectively. The current study reveals a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure levels, and the relative factors between the Hei Yi Zhuang and Han ethnic groups, which may have been due to differences in geographical characteristics, lifestyle, sodium intake, education levels, and even genetic factors.
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2006
There are 56 nationalities in China. Han is the largest and Zhuang the second largest. Geographic... more There are 56 nationalities in China. Han is the largest and Zhuang the second largest. Geographically and linguistically, Zhuang can be classified into 43 ethnic subgroups, in which Hei Yi (meaning black-worship and black-dressing) Zhuang is proved to be the most conservative group according to its unique culture and custom. Information on the genetic influence on the lipid profile is limited in this population. To obtain some of this information, a cross-sectional survey of hyperlipidemia was carried out in 500 people of Hei Yi Zhuang and 500 people of Han in the same area. The genotypes and alleles of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP –493 G/T) were also determined, by polymerase chain reaction combined with an allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization method, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. The frequencies of the G and T alleles were 0.74 and 0.26, respectively, in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 0.73 and 0.27 (p >0.05) in Han. The frequencies of the GG, GT and TT genotypes were 0.58, 0.33 and 0.09, respectively, in Hei Yi Zhuang, and 0.56, 0.34 and 0.09 (p >0.05) in Han. In the combined population of both Hei Yi Zhuang and Han, the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B in the TT genotype were significantly higher than those in the GT (p <0.05 to <0.01) or GG genotypes (p <0.05 to <0.01), but there were no significant differences in their values between the GG and GT genotypes (p >0.05). The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were not significantly different among the three genotypes (p >0.05).
Uploads
Papers by Shang Ling