This study examined the relationship between team emotional intelligence, quality of team interac... more This study examined the relationship between team emotional intelligence, quality of team interactions, and gender. Psychiatry clerkship students participating in Team-Based Learning (TBL, n = 484) or no TBL (control, n = 265) completed the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP-S) and the Team Performance Scale (TPS). Significant correlations (p < 0.01) existed between quality of team interactions (i.e., TPS) and team emotional intelligence (i.e., WEIP-S) subscales, but not gender. Control and TBL groups experienced significant increases in WEIP-S subscales pre to post (p < 0.01, η (2) = .08), with the TBL group experiencing significantly higher gains in three of four subscales. Control group scored higher on TPS. A significant relationship exists between team emotional intelligence and quality of team interactions. Gender was unrelated to TPS or WEIP-S subscales. TBL group experienced higher gains in WEIP-S subscales while the control group experienced slightly higher TPS scores. Results suggest implications for medical educators who use TBL.
The treatment of hospitalized patients facing criminal charges is shaped by both their psychopath... more The treatment of hospitalized patients facing criminal charges is shaped by both their psychopathology and by their involvement with the criminal justice system. Psychopathologic presentation, motivation for hospitalization and/or discharge planning may be influenced by delays and uncertainties generated by the legal system. A review of the often informal nature of the criminal justice process suggests options for clinically oriented intervention in expediting the resolution of patients' psychiatric and legal difficulties.
The activities of the 18th century body-snatchers are among the most lurid and entertaining episo... more The activities of the 18th century body-snatchers are among the most lurid and entertaining episodes in the history of medicine and have been cataloged exhuastively by scholars and popularizers of all kinds. Today, however, when the ethics of research on humans has become a critical problem in medical philosophy and when relations between the public and the profession appear to be deteriorating, it is instructive to take another look at this period of medical history, when many current ethical problems first became issues of widespread concern. Both a cause and a product of the frictions that existed between physicians and the public in 18th century England, the resurrection trade may be viewed as a bizarre example of what can happen when a profession and a society find themselves at cross-purposes during a period of rapid scientific advance and far-reaching social change. LEGAL BACKGROUND The history of the English body-snatchers begins with the introduction of human cadaver dissection into the study of anatomy during the 14th century in the University of Bologna. Although the study of anatomy in ancient times had included human dissection, after the fall of Rome the practice was forbidden by the Church and abandoned in favor of animal dissection, accompanied by the study of ancient texts. As long as monks controlled the practice of medicine, the interdict was obeyed, but in the 11th and 12th centuries medicine became a more secular calling. The first recorded dissection in western Europe was performed around 1300, in Bologna. The first body-snatching scandal occurred in 1319, with four students there arrested for grave-robbing (1). Dissection in Europe gained acceptance slowly. In Italy, by the 15th century the practice had come under legal regulation and was restricted to two public demonstrations per year. A hundred years later, Leonardo da Vinci still found it necessary to pursue his study of human anatomy at night in newly constructed tombs and was compelled to keep his notebooks so well hidden that they were not discovered for over 300 years. Gradually, however, the skeleton came out of the closet, and dissection began to occupy a central place in European medicine. As the demand for bodies grew, it became customary in most countries for officials to turn over to the universities the bodies of executed criminals and those of people dying in almshouses and hospitals who otherwise would have been buried at public expense. In England, however, the situation was more complex. Medical education was controlled, in London at least, not by the universities, but by the guilds of Barbers, Surgeons, and Apothecaries. In 1540, the former joined forces to become the Royal Company of Barbers and Surgeons, and in 1541 Henry VIII granted this group the exclusive right to four executed felons a year to be dissected. Elizabeth I 'This paper was presented to the Nathan Smith Club of the Yale University School of Medicine and won the John E. Fulton Memorial Award in 1975.
The great medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides was also a practicing physician who contri... more The great medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides was also a practicing physician who contributed a number of important works to medical literature. Modern students of these treatises have made extravagant claims about Maimonides' scientific outlook and have attributed to him important discoveries and innovations. Viewed in its historical and religious content, Maimonides' medical work appears more explanatory than exploratory, though still of considerable interest to students of both the philosophy of science and the history of medicine.
ABSTRACT Despite their common interest in the brain, neurology and psychiatry diverge in critical... more ABSTRACT Despite their common interest in the brain, neurology and psychiatry diverge in critical respects. Historically, neurology has been rooted in pathological diagnosis, psychiatry in the study and treatment of living human beings. The future development of applied neuroscience requires respectful collaboration that acknowledges the different methods and traditions of these alien species, rather than the shotgun marriages currently performed in many academic institutions in the name of curricular integration.
A psychiatrist's pregnancy creates different problems and opportunities, depending upon t... more A psychiatrist's pregnancy creates different problems and opportunities, depending upon the professional role(s) that she occupies. In previous reports, authors have described the impact of a psychiatrist's pregnancy in private or subordinate roles such as therapist (Lax 1969; Nadelson et al. 1974), resident (Butts and Cavenar 1979), or supervisee (Baum and Herring 1975). Here I discuss additional complexities that may occur when the pregnant woman occupies a position of leadership.
Mild to moderate depression is common among women during the first 3 months postpartum. The autho... more Mild to moderate depression is common among women during the first 3 months postpartum. The authors studied 20 normal pregnant women in the hope of finding valid predictors of postpartum mood disorder. The subjects rated their level of emotions and various depressive symptoms at 26 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and filled out a brief questionnaire about the emotional circumstances of their pregnancy. The mood scales were repeated at 2 days and 6 weeks postpartum, along with a clinical interview. The antepartum mood scale identified women with postpartum depression and differentiated this condition from the more common, transient postpartum blues. Certain psychosocial variables also predicted postpartum distress. The authors discuss the implications of these findings, emphasizing the feasibility and necessity of routine screening for mood disturbances in prenatal and puerperal women.
ABSTRACT Comments on the article by A. R. Fischer et al (see record 1998-04329-001) about common ... more ABSTRACT Comments on the article by A. R. Fischer et al (see record 1998-04329-001) about common factors perspective and knowledge of cultural context in multicultural counseling. The authors congratulate Fischer et al on developing the viewpoint that psychotherapy is best understood as a function of the culture which sustains it. Implicit in their view, in which the authors concur, is that psychotherapy is not a branch of behavioral science, as the conventional view holds, but rather a branch of rhetoric, the art of persuasion. The authors assert that the power of any therapeutic rationale to persuade is influenced by the culture from which it derives. This conceptualization has profound implications, particularly for research into the effective elements of psychotherapy; therapeutic improvement reflects a host of unquantifiable and nonreproducible elements, including the rhetorical qualities of the therapeutic story, the status of the teller, and the state of the person to whom it is told. Those who study psychotherapy may need to develop new paradigms of description and investigation to reveal its essential features. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This study examined the relationship between team emotional intelligence, quality of team interac... more This study examined the relationship between team emotional intelligence, quality of team interactions, and gender. Psychiatry clerkship students participating in Team-Based Learning (TBL, n = 484) or no TBL (control, n = 265) completed the Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP-S) and the Team Performance Scale (TPS). Significant correlations (p < 0.01) existed between quality of team interactions (i.e., TPS) and team emotional intelligence (i.e., WEIP-S) subscales, but not gender. Control and TBL groups experienced significant increases in WEIP-S subscales pre to post (p < 0.01, η (2) = .08), with the TBL group experiencing significantly higher gains in three of four subscales. Control group scored higher on TPS. A significant relationship exists between team emotional intelligence and quality of team interactions. Gender was unrelated to TPS or WEIP-S subscales. TBL group experienced higher gains in WEIP-S subscales while the control group experienced slightly higher TPS scores. Results suggest implications for medical educators who use TBL.
The treatment of hospitalized patients facing criminal charges is shaped by both their psychopath... more The treatment of hospitalized patients facing criminal charges is shaped by both their psychopathology and by their involvement with the criminal justice system. Psychopathologic presentation, motivation for hospitalization and/or discharge planning may be influenced by delays and uncertainties generated by the legal system. A review of the often informal nature of the criminal justice process suggests options for clinically oriented intervention in expediting the resolution of patients' psychiatric and legal difficulties.
The activities of the 18th century body-snatchers are among the most lurid and entertaining episo... more The activities of the 18th century body-snatchers are among the most lurid and entertaining episodes in the history of medicine and have been cataloged exhuastively by scholars and popularizers of all kinds. Today, however, when the ethics of research on humans has become a critical problem in medical philosophy and when relations between the public and the profession appear to be deteriorating, it is instructive to take another look at this period of medical history, when many current ethical problems first became issues of widespread concern. Both a cause and a product of the frictions that existed between physicians and the public in 18th century England, the resurrection trade may be viewed as a bizarre example of what can happen when a profession and a society find themselves at cross-purposes during a period of rapid scientific advance and far-reaching social change. LEGAL BACKGROUND The history of the English body-snatchers begins with the introduction of human cadaver dissection into the study of anatomy during the 14th century in the University of Bologna. Although the study of anatomy in ancient times had included human dissection, after the fall of Rome the practice was forbidden by the Church and abandoned in favor of animal dissection, accompanied by the study of ancient texts. As long as monks controlled the practice of medicine, the interdict was obeyed, but in the 11th and 12th centuries medicine became a more secular calling. The first recorded dissection in western Europe was performed around 1300, in Bologna. The first body-snatching scandal occurred in 1319, with four students there arrested for grave-robbing (1). Dissection in Europe gained acceptance slowly. In Italy, by the 15th century the practice had come under legal regulation and was restricted to two public demonstrations per year. A hundred years later, Leonardo da Vinci still found it necessary to pursue his study of human anatomy at night in newly constructed tombs and was compelled to keep his notebooks so well hidden that they were not discovered for over 300 years. Gradually, however, the skeleton came out of the closet, and dissection began to occupy a central place in European medicine. As the demand for bodies grew, it became customary in most countries for officials to turn over to the universities the bodies of executed criminals and those of people dying in almshouses and hospitals who otherwise would have been buried at public expense. In England, however, the situation was more complex. Medical education was controlled, in London at least, not by the universities, but by the guilds of Barbers, Surgeons, and Apothecaries. In 1540, the former joined forces to become the Royal Company of Barbers and Surgeons, and in 1541 Henry VIII granted this group the exclusive right to four executed felons a year to be dissected. Elizabeth I 'This paper was presented to the Nathan Smith Club of the Yale University School of Medicine and won the John E. Fulton Memorial Award in 1975.
The great medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides was also a practicing physician who contri... more The great medieval Jewish philosopher Moses Maimonides was also a practicing physician who contributed a number of important works to medical literature. Modern students of these treatises have made extravagant claims about Maimonides' scientific outlook and have attributed to him important discoveries and innovations. Viewed in its historical and religious content, Maimonides' medical work appears more explanatory than exploratory, though still of considerable interest to students of both the philosophy of science and the history of medicine.
ABSTRACT Despite their common interest in the brain, neurology and psychiatry diverge in critical... more ABSTRACT Despite their common interest in the brain, neurology and psychiatry diverge in critical respects. Historically, neurology has been rooted in pathological diagnosis, psychiatry in the study and treatment of living human beings. The future development of applied neuroscience requires respectful collaboration that acknowledges the different methods and traditions of these alien species, rather than the shotgun marriages currently performed in many academic institutions in the name of curricular integration.
A psychiatrist's pregnancy creates different problems and opportunities, depending upon t... more A psychiatrist's pregnancy creates different problems and opportunities, depending upon the professional role(s) that she occupies. In previous reports, authors have described the impact of a psychiatrist's pregnancy in private or subordinate roles such as therapist (Lax 1969; Nadelson et al. 1974), resident (Butts and Cavenar 1979), or supervisee (Baum and Herring 1975). Here I discuss additional complexities that may occur when the pregnant woman occupies a position of leadership.
Mild to moderate depression is common among women during the first 3 months postpartum. The autho... more Mild to moderate depression is common among women during the first 3 months postpartum. The authors studied 20 normal pregnant women in the hope of finding valid predictors of postpartum mood disorder. The subjects rated their level of emotions and various depressive symptoms at 26 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and filled out a brief questionnaire about the emotional circumstances of their pregnancy. The mood scales were repeated at 2 days and 6 weeks postpartum, along with a clinical interview. The antepartum mood scale identified women with postpartum depression and differentiated this condition from the more common, transient postpartum blues. Certain psychosocial variables also predicted postpartum distress. The authors discuss the implications of these findings, emphasizing the feasibility and necessity of routine screening for mood disturbances in prenatal and puerperal women.
ABSTRACT Comments on the article by A. R. Fischer et al (see record 1998-04329-001) about common ... more ABSTRACT Comments on the article by A. R. Fischer et al (see record 1998-04329-001) about common factors perspective and knowledge of cultural context in multicultural counseling. The authors congratulate Fischer et al on developing the viewpoint that psychotherapy is best understood as a function of the culture which sustains it. Implicit in their view, in which the authors concur, is that psychotherapy is not a branch of behavioral science, as the conventional view holds, but rather a branch of rhetoric, the art of persuasion. The authors assert that the power of any therapeutic rationale to persuade is influenced by the culture from which it derives. This conceptualization has profound implications, particularly for research into the effective elements of psychotherapy; therapeutic improvement reflects a host of unquantifiable and nonreproducible elements, including the rhetorical qualities of the therapeutic story, the status of the teller, and the state of the person to whom it is told. Those who study psychotherapy may need to develop new paradigms of description and investigation to reveal its essential features. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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