Allergic diseases are extremely common with nearly 50% of the population being affected at some t... more Allergic diseases are extremely common with nearly 50% of the population being affected at some time during their life. Currently, about 20 to 30 per cent of people in India are having one or more allergic diseases and their prevalence is rising dramatically, the WAO said. In āyurveda , there is not any direct reference regarding anūrjatā (allergy) in saṁhitās but few references by ācārya caraka and suśruta show its incidence in the form of abhiṣaṅgaja disease resulting from viṣauṣadhi, viṣavṛkṣa, viṣa anila sparśa (contact with poisonous drugs, poisonous trees, and poisonous air) and other form of viṣa (puṣpagaṁdha etc.). In the etiology of śvāsa roga there is a clear mention of etiological factors like raja, dhūma (allergens) and āmapradoṣa for the manifestation of allergy. In general, all the dietary, daily and seasonal factors which are able to produce hypersensitive response in the body considered as anūrjaskara bhāva. Anūrjatā is a complex syndrome that may involve any one, tw...
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2017
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant bacterium responsible for various diseases i... more Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant bacterium responsible for various diseases in animals and humans. Preventive strategies could be better implemented by understanding the prevalence, genetic patterns, and the presence of enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes along with the antibiotic susceptibility of this organism. This study was conducted in Rajasthan, the northwestern state of India, holding the largest population of cattle that makes it the second largest milk producer in India and no such prior information is available on these aspects. Methods: A total of 368 individual quarter bovine raw milk samples were collected from 13 districts of Rajasthan, and screened for the presence of S. aureus. Microbiological and molecular approaches were followed for bacterial identification. Genetic diversity was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of coagulase gene (coa), whereas enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes were studied by PCR analysis. Antibiotic strips were employed to study the antibiotic resistance among strains. Results: In all, 73 S. aureus strains were obtained from 368 bovine raw milk samples out of that only 30 showed the presence of coa. Nine types of coa patterns ranging from 730 to 1130 bp were observed among these isolates. PCR-RFLP of coa distinguished the isolates into 15 genotypic patterns, of which patterns I, IV, V, and VI were predominant. Of the isolates, 30% were positive for sec, 10% for sea, and 3.3% for seb; these genes are responsible for enterotoxin production, whereas all isolates were found positive for icaAD and eno. The prevalence rates of other biofilm-producing genes fnbA, clfB, ebpS, sasG, fnbB, sasC, cna, bap, fib and, bbp were 97, 93, 90, 80, 80, 77, 53, 27, 10, and 6.6%, respectively. Twenty-seven (90%) strains were multidrug resistant, of which 15 were methicillin resistant. Maximum sensitivity was reported for kanamycin and it could be considered as a drug of choice for controlling S. aureus mediated cattle infections in the studied regions. Conclusions: Overall, these strains could cause several diseases to humans, insisting the need for developing a stricter hygiene program for improving milking practices and animal health.
Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease of a global concern, and can effectively be controlled... more Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease of a global concern, and can effectively be controlled by a continuous surveillance of the virulent and multidrug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes. This study was planned to investigate prevalence of L. monocytogenes in bovine raw milk samples. A total of 457 raw milk samples collected from 15 major cities in Rajasthan, India, were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes by using standard microbiological and molecular methods. Five of the 457 samples screen tested positive for L. monocytogenes. Multiplex serotyping showed that 3/5 strains belonged to serotype 4b followed by one strain each to 1/2a and to 1/2c. Further virulence potential assessment indicated that all strains possessed inlA and inlC internalins, and, in addition, two strains also possessed the gene for inlB. All strains were positive for Listeriolysin O (LLO) and showed phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity on an in vitro agar mediu...
Clinical study over a period of seven months at referral University Veterinary Hospital in Kashmi... more Clinical study over a period of seven months at referral University Veterinary Hospital in Kashmir, India, was done on male calves clinically affected with urolithiasis was undertaken to manage them surgically and to study the mineral and haemato biochemical profile in an attempt to find out the probable cause of the malady and to ascertain the possible role of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous shift in urine blood and calculi. During obstructive urolithiasis, alterations in haematobiochemical profile were of no clinical significance, however, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, Calcium, and Inorganic Phosphorus could form a good index to determine the severity of the disease. Struvite calculi are most common urinary calculi observed in calves with heavy concentrate feeding especially wheat bran. The study revealed that the calculi contain 70% phosphorous, 20% calcium and 10% oxalate. This was clinically substantiated by the proportionate decrease in blood Ca and urine Ca levels. However, levels of creatinine and urea in urine blood and calculi revealed calcium phosphorous and their interrelation during the phase of urolithiasis, it could be conceived that ingestion of a ruminant feed containing high amounts of phosphates by a ruminant, physiologically with a non-functional rumen results in high absorption of the phosphates. This results in depletion of calcium absorption and calcium being excreted through urine.
... promotion: a case from Yunnan, China. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(6):1145-1156. KonaPrab... more ... promotion: a case from Yunnan, China. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(6):1145-1156. KonaPrabhavathi, Aariff Khan MA and Subrahmanyam MVR 2009. ... Vasudeva Rao V and Parasharya BM 2009. Invasive alien species of avi-fauna and their impact on agriculture. ...
Allergic diseases are extremely common with nearly 50% of the population being affected at some t... more Allergic diseases are extremely common with nearly 50% of the population being affected at some time during their life. Currently, about 20 to 30 per cent of people in India are having one or more allergic diseases and their prevalence is rising dramatically, the WAO said. In āyurveda , there is not any direct reference regarding anūrjatā (allergy) in saṁhitās but few references by ācārya caraka and suśruta show its incidence in the form of abhiṣaṅgaja disease resulting from viṣauṣadhi, viṣavṛkṣa, viṣa anila sparśa (contact with poisonous drugs, poisonous trees, and poisonous air) and other form of viṣa (puṣpagaṁdha etc.). In the etiology of śvāsa roga there is a clear mention of etiological factors like raja, dhūma (allergens) and āmapradoṣa for the manifestation of allergy. In general, all the dietary, daily and seasonal factors which are able to produce hypersensitive response in the body considered as anūrjaskara bhāva. Anūrjatā is a complex syndrome that may involve any one, tw...
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2017
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant bacterium responsible for various diseases i... more Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant bacterium responsible for various diseases in animals and humans. Preventive strategies could be better implemented by understanding the prevalence, genetic patterns, and the presence of enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes along with the antibiotic susceptibility of this organism. This study was conducted in Rajasthan, the northwestern state of India, holding the largest population of cattle that makes it the second largest milk producer in India and no such prior information is available on these aspects. Methods: A total of 368 individual quarter bovine raw milk samples were collected from 13 districts of Rajasthan, and screened for the presence of S. aureus. Microbiological and molecular approaches were followed for bacterial identification. Genetic diversity was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of coagulase gene (coa), whereas enterotoxin and biofilm-producing genes were studied by PCR analysis. Antibiotic strips were employed to study the antibiotic resistance among strains. Results: In all, 73 S. aureus strains were obtained from 368 bovine raw milk samples out of that only 30 showed the presence of coa. Nine types of coa patterns ranging from 730 to 1130 bp were observed among these isolates. PCR-RFLP of coa distinguished the isolates into 15 genotypic patterns, of which patterns I, IV, V, and VI were predominant. Of the isolates, 30% were positive for sec, 10% for sea, and 3.3% for seb; these genes are responsible for enterotoxin production, whereas all isolates were found positive for icaAD and eno. The prevalence rates of other biofilm-producing genes fnbA, clfB, ebpS, sasG, fnbB, sasC, cna, bap, fib and, bbp were 97, 93, 90, 80, 80, 77, 53, 27, 10, and 6.6%, respectively. Twenty-seven (90%) strains were multidrug resistant, of which 15 were methicillin resistant. Maximum sensitivity was reported for kanamycin and it could be considered as a drug of choice for controlling S. aureus mediated cattle infections in the studied regions. Conclusions: Overall, these strains could cause several diseases to humans, insisting the need for developing a stricter hygiene program for improving milking practices and animal health.
Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease of a global concern, and can effectively be controlled... more Listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease of a global concern, and can effectively be controlled by a continuous surveillance of the virulent and multidrug-resistant strains of Listeria monocytogenes. This study was planned to investigate prevalence of L. monocytogenes in bovine raw milk samples. A total of 457 raw milk samples collected from 15 major cities in Rajasthan, India, were analyzed for the presence of L. monocytogenes by using standard microbiological and molecular methods. Five of the 457 samples screen tested positive for L. monocytogenes. Multiplex serotyping showed that 3/5 strains belonged to serotype 4b followed by one strain each to 1/2a and to 1/2c. Further virulence potential assessment indicated that all strains possessed inlA and inlC internalins, and, in addition, two strains also possessed the gene for inlB. All strains were positive for Listeriolysin O (LLO) and showed phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity on an in vitro agar mediu...
Clinical study over a period of seven months at referral University Veterinary Hospital in Kashmi... more Clinical study over a period of seven months at referral University Veterinary Hospital in Kashmir, India, was done on male calves clinically affected with urolithiasis was undertaken to manage them surgically and to study the mineral and haemato biochemical profile in an attempt to find out the probable cause of the malady and to ascertain the possible role of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous shift in urine blood and calculi. During obstructive urolithiasis, alterations in haematobiochemical profile were of no clinical significance, however, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, Calcium, and Inorganic Phosphorus could form a good index to determine the severity of the disease. Struvite calculi are most common urinary calculi observed in calves with heavy concentrate feeding especially wheat bran. The study revealed that the calculi contain 70% phosphorous, 20% calcium and 10% oxalate. This was clinically substantiated by the proportionate decrease in blood Ca and urine Ca levels. However, levels of creatinine and urea in urine blood and calculi revealed calcium phosphorous and their interrelation during the phase of urolithiasis, it could be conceived that ingestion of a ruminant feed containing high amounts of phosphates by a ruminant, physiologically with a non-functional rumen results in high absorption of the phosphates. This results in depletion of calcium absorption and calcium being excreted through urine.
... promotion: a case from Yunnan, China. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(6):1145-1156. KonaPrab... more ... promotion: a case from Yunnan, China. Biodiversity and Conservation 12(6):1145-1156. KonaPrabhavathi, Aariff Khan MA and Subrahmanyam MVR 2009. ... Vasudeva Rao V and Parasharya BM 2009. Invasive alien species of avi-fauna and their impact on agriculture. ...
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