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Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux Etats-Unis

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  • Hélène Périvier

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Cet article décrit les transformations de la position des femmes sur le marché du travail aux Etats-Unis tant sous l'angle quantitatif que qualitatif, en s'appuyant sur la littérature existante. Les tendances sont mises en perspectives avec celles qu'ont connues la France et la Suède. Globalement, les inégalités entre les sexes dans la sphère marchande se sont fortement résorbées sur une longue période. Mais en moyenne, elles restent plus marquées qu'en Suède et qu'en France, même si les Américaines les plus qualifiées bénéficient d'un traitement plus favorable du point de vue du déroulement de carrière que leurs consoeurs françaises et suédoises. Deux traits marquants ressortent de cette étude. Tout d'abord la réduction moyenne des inégalités entre les sexes aux Etats-Unis s'est appuyée sur l'explosion des inégalités sociales à partir des années 1980. Ensuite, cette réduction des inégalités entre les sexes ne vaut pas pour toutes les femmes : pour les moins qualifiées les améliorations sont modestes, voire inexistantes sur certains points, et donc parallèlement, les inégalités entre les femmes qualifiées et celles n'ayant pas de diplôme ont augmenté.

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  • Hélène Périvier, 2008. "Les femmes sur le marché du travail aux Etats-Unis," Working Papers hal-00973039, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00973039
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-00973039
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    1. Hélène Périvier, 2008. "L'impact de la Maternité sur l'Activité des Femmes aux Etats-Unis," Brussels Economic Review, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles, vol. 51(2/3), pages 221-242.
    2. Hélène Périvier, 2008. "L’impact de la maternité sur l’activité des femmes aux Etats-Unis," Post-Print hal-03461894, HAL.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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