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Descomponiendo la desigualdad salarial en América Latina: ¿una década de cambios?

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  • Contreras, Dante
  • Gallegos, Sebastián

Abstract

Este documento fue preparado por Dante Contreras y Sebastián Gallegos, del Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Chile, en el marco de la consultoría encargada por la División de Estadística y Proyecciones Económicas de la CEPAL, como insumo para el Panorama social de América Latina 2006.Las opiniones expresadas en este documento, que no ha sido sometido a revisión editorial, son de exclusiva responsabilidad del autor y pueden no coincidir con las de la Organización. RESUMENEl presente trabajo contribuye a explicar los determinantes de la distribución salarial en América Latina durante la década de los noventa. Se usan encuestas de hogares de trece países de la región, previamente homogeneizadas por la CEPAL. El estudio utiliza el modelo básico de descomposición de la varianza de los salarios propuesto por Fields et. al. (2002), basado en la estimación de una ecuación de salarios a la Mincer (1974), corregida por sesgo de selección. Esta metodología permite cuantificar el impacto de las diversas variables explicativas en la desigualdad salarialLos principales resultados indican que, transcurrida una década, la región ha experimentado un fenómeno de convergencia entre países. Tanto los indicadores de desigualdad como los retornos a variables como experiencia y género exhiben un comportamiento más uniforme. En tanto, el retorno a la escolaridad ha permanecido constante. La causa tiene que ver con dos efectos que se contraponen. Por un lado, una baja en el retorno a la educación primaria y secundaria. Por otra parte, un importante aumento en el premio a la educación superior.La evidencia indica que, en los noventa, ser mujer contribuía a una mayor desigualdad salarial. Dicha contribución es casi nula hacia el final del período examinado. Por último, se concluye que la educación es por lejos el factor más relevante tras la desigualdad salarial en la región. Además, su importancia ha crecido en el tiempo, a pesar de que el poder explicativo del modelo se ha mantenido estable.

Suggested Citation

  • Contreras, Dante & Gallegos, Sebastián, 2007. "Descomponiendo la desigualdad salarial en América Latina: ¿una década de cambios?," Estudios Estadísticos 4761, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col027:4761
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Contreras, Dante & Gallegos, Sebastian & Meneses, Francisco, 2009. "Determinantes del desempeño universitario: ¿Importa la habilidad relativa? [University performance determinants: does relative ability matter?]," MPRA Paper 23320, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Ramirez, Francisco A., 2012. "Descomponiendo la Desigualdad Salarial en la República Dominicana: Análisis Empírico para el Periodo 2000-2011 [Decomposing Wage Inequality in the Dominican Republic: Empirical Analysis for the Per," MPRA Paper 51993, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Claudio Aravena & Marc Badia-Miró & André A. Hofman & José Jofré González & Christian Hurtado, 2010. "Growth, Productivity and Information and Communications Technologies in Latin America, 1950–2005," Chapters, in: Mario Cimoli & André A. Hofman & Nanno Mulder (ed.), Innovation and Economic Development, chapter 5, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Brenda Murillo-Villanueva. & Yolanda Carbajal Suárez. & Leobardo de Jesús Almonte., 2021. "Desigualdad salarial en los subsectores manufactureros en México, 2007-2018. (Wage Inequality in Mexico’s Manufacture, 2007-2018)," Ensayos Revista de Economia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Economia, vol. 0(1), pages 29-54, May.
    5. Luis Fernando Castro Peñarrieta & Gustavo Zárate Taborga & Valeria Salinas Maceda, 2019. " - Análisis de la desigualdad de largo plazo en Bolivia, 1976 - 201," INESAD book chapters, in: Beatriz Muriel Hernández (ed.), Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Económico de Bolivia, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 2, pages 81-112, Institute for Advanced Development Studies.
    6. -, 2011. "Distributive impact of public policy," Libros y Documentos Institucionales, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 3137 edited by Eclac.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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