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- KOdrat Wibowo (2004): Determinants of States Tax Rate
The problem addressed mostly in tax and government spending study is the endogeneity problem between tax/spending and income or economic growth. Therefore, the efforts to find instruments for tax variable are very crucial. This paper investigates the factors that determine changes in state tax rates with the US dataset from 1960 to 1999. ... I find that demographic, economic, and political structure variables are important for the determination of the change in state tax rates. Special for political issues, this empirical information supports the common knowledge that Democratic legislatures favor higher tax rates compared to Republicans, both in state and federal levels.
RePEc:unp:wpaper:200401 Save to MyIDEAS - John Knapp & Stephen Kulp (2015): Virginia Local Tax Rates: 2014
The thirty-third edition of the Cooper Center annual publication on tax rates levied by Virginia local governments.
RePEc:vac:report:rpt15-03 Save to MyIDEAS - Paulo Jorge Varela Lopes Dias & Pedro Miguel Gomes Reis (2018): The relationship between the effective tax rate and the nominal rate
The main goal of this investigation is to understand the relationship between the nominal rate and the effective tax rate and to evaluate if the differences between them depend on the value of the nominal rate. Based on a sample of 1,530 companies from 5 countries members of the European Union (Denmark, Slovenia, Finland, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom) there’s evidence that the effective tax rate is positively related to the nominal rate. The effective tax rate was calculated through the ratio between the value of the tax paid over the result before tax. When the nominal tax rate increases, the effective rate increases equally but with a slower growth. This relationship is softened if we take into account the value of the nominal tax rate, which shows that companies have the ability to manage the results in order to increase savings in tax.
RePEc:nax:conyad:v:63:y:2018:i:2:p:23-24 Save to MyIDEAS - Michael Gideon (2017): Do Individuals Perceive Income Tax Rates Correctly?
This article uses data from survey questions fielded on the 2011 wave of the Cognitive Economics Study to uncover systematic errors in perceptions of income tax rates. First, when asked about the marginal tax rates (MTRs) for households in the top tax bracket, respondents underestimate the top MTR on wages and salary income, overestimate the MTR on dividend income, and therefore significantly underestimate the currently tax-advantaged status of dividend income. Second, when analyzing the relationship between respondents’ self-reported average tax rates (ATRs) and MTRs, many people do not understand the progressive nature of the federal income tax system. Third, when comparing self-reported tax rates with those computed from self-reported income, respondents systematically overestimate their ATR while reported MTR are accurate at the mean, the responses are consistent with underestimation of tax schedule progressivity.
RePEc:sae:pubfin:v:45:y:2017:i:1:p:97-117 Save to MyIDEAS - Gary, Robert F. & Moore, Jared A. & Sisneros, Craig A. & Terando, William D. (2016): The impact of tax rate changes on intercorporate investment
We examine how tax rates impact investment by corporations in the stock market. We regress changes in intercorporate investment on changes in the various individual and corporate top statutory marginal tax rates (MTRs). ... These results support the notion that corporations respond to the after-tax rate of return and/or market efficiency consequences brought about by a change in individual capital gains MTRs.
RePEc:eee:advacc:v:34:y:2016:i:c:p:55-63 Save to MyIDEAS - Kangoh Lee (2015): Timing of Penalties, Tax Rates, and Tax Evasion
This paper examines the effect of an increase in the tax rate on tax evasion in a model where taxpayers report their incomes and pay the taxes first, and the penalties are imposed later if evasion is caught. When the penalty is imposed on the undeclared income, an increase in the tax rate leads to more evasion. If the penalty is imposed on the evaded tax, the effect of the tax rate on evasion depends on the level of income. With savings, the relationship between tax rates and evasion depends additionally on the preferences toward risk and the penalty rate.
RePEc:mhr:finarc:urn:sici:0015-2218(201503)71:1_37:toptra_2.0.tx_2-h Save to MyIDEAS - Gemmell, Norman & Kneller, Richard & Sanz, Ismael (2013): The Growth Effects of Tax Rates in the OECD
The literature testing for aggregate impacts of taxes on long-run growth rates in the OECD has generally used tax rate measures constructed from macroeconomic aggregates such as tax revenues. ... Theory predicts a number of responses to both average and marginal tax rates, but empirical analogues of the latter tend to be at the micro level. In addition though most OECD economies are best regarded as small open economies, previous macroeconomic tests of OECD tax-growth relationships have implicitly been based on closed-economy models, focusing on domestic tax rates. This paper explores the relevance of these two aspects – "macro average‟ versus "micro marginal‟ tax rates, and open economy dimensions – for test of tax-growth effects in OECD countries. We use annual panel data on a number of average and marginal tax rate measures and find: (i) statistically small and/or non-robust effects of macro-based average tax rates on capital income and consumption but more evidence for average labor income tax effects; (ii) statistically robust GDP growth effects of modest size from changes in marginal income tax rates at both the personal and corporate levels; (iii) international tax competition, in which both domestic and foreign corporate tax rates play a role, is consistent with the data; (iv) tax effects on GDP growth appear to operate largely via impacts on factor productivity rather than factor accumulation.
RePEc:vuw:vuwcpf:18771 Save to MyIDEAS - William M. Cready & Thomas J. Lopez & Craig A. Sisneros & Shane R. Stinson (2023): Empirical implications of incorrect special item tax rate assumptions
This study explores the potential empirical consequences of assuming an incorrect tax rate in adjusting special items. ... Our investigation shows that the tax rate assumed can be critical to the interpretation of results. Importantly, our evidence suggests extreme tax rate assumptions, in particular the highest statutory rate, are especially problematic and yield dramatically biased estimates. Our review of the tax consequences of special items suggests that, in almost all circumstances, the marginal tax rate is the theoretically correct rate to apply to these items when adjusting for tax. Consistent with this view, our empirical evidence, with a limited exception, suggests that marginal tax rates represent the best estimate of the true tax rate.
RePEc:spr:reaccs:v:28:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11142-021-09661-1 Save to MyIDEAS - Radu CIOBANU & Adriana Florina POPA & Daniela-Nicoleta SAHLIAN (2024): Determinants of the Effective Tax Rate
The effective tax rate has become a relevant indicator following the implementation of Council Directive (EU) 2022/2523 issued on 14 December 2022, which aims to ensure a global minimum level of taxation for multinational enterprise groups and large domestic groups in the European Union. The effective rate can be influenced by several key economic factors when companies compile their tax strategy. Our results show that inventory intensity, R&D expenditure, economic return, financial return, and reinvestment rate have a negative impact on the effective tax rate.
RePEc:ahd:journl:v:5:y:2024:i:8:p:40-45 Save to MyIDEAS - Donald Vandegrift (2016): The effect of Walmart and Target on property tax rates
We find evidence that entry by either retailer lowers the tax rate in the host municipality. However, the estimated reduction in the tax rate is much larger for Target. Target entry reduces the equalized property tax rate by $0.38 per $100 of market value in the host municipality or about 16.8 % while Walmart reduces the equalized property tax rate in the host municipality by $0.063 per $100 of market value or about 2.8 %. The most striking result is the contrast between the positive and significant effect of Walmart entry on the equalized tax rate in the adjacent municipality and the negative and significant effect of Target entry on the equalized tax rate in the adjacent municipality. Walmart entry (in the host municipality) raises the equalized tax rate by about $0.23 per $100 of market value (about a 10 % increase).
RePEc:spr:lsprsc:v:9:y:2016:i:3:d:10.1007_s12076-015-0159-x Save to MyIDEAS