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- Toshiyuki Uemura (2021): Evaluating Japan's Corporate Income Tax Reform using Firm-specific Effective Tax Rates
This study evaluates Japan's corporate tax reforms in the 2010s by estimating the effective average tax rate (EATR) and effective marginal tax rate (EMTR), common methods for international comparisons, using data on Japanese firms. Japan lowered its statutory tax rate while it expanded the tax base. The estimated EATR and EMTR declined in Japan, though the EATR decreased less than the statutory tax rate. ... This study analyzes the differing effects of the tax rate reduction and depreciation method reform by conducting simulations to represent the effects of each reform on the EATR and EMTR. Japan’s tax reform in the 2010s lowered the EATR via the lower tax rate, while it raised the EMTR via the depreciation method reform.
RePEc:kgu:wpaper:226 Save to MyIDEAS - Gideon Yaniv (2013): Tax Evasion, Conspicuous Consumption, and the Income Tax Rate
Very often tax collectors initiate an audit on the basis of observed spending capacity that does not seem to conform with declared income. ... The present article develops a simple model of the taxpayer’s joint evasion-consumption decision that is used to reexamine the widely discussed relationship between tax evasion and the income tax rate. Contrary to the literature’s counterintuitive result, the article shows that an increase in the income tax rate will unambiguously increase the taxpayer’s level of evasion. Furthermore, given that taxpayers vary in their level of true income, a tax rate increase will increase the number of tax evaders as well, consequently increasing the total amount of taxes escaping the tax collector. A related model of boasting about tax evasion is shown to yield some similar results.
RePEc:sae:pubfin:v:41:y:2013:i:3:p:302-316 Save to MyIDEAS - Graham, John R. & Mills, Lillian F. (2008): Using tax return data to simulate corporate marginal tax rates
We document that simulated corporate marginal tax rates based on financial statement data [Shevlin, T., 1990. Estimating corporate marginal tax rates with asymmetric tax treatment of gains and losses. ... Debt and the marginal tax rate. Journal of Financial Economics 41, 41-73] are highly correlated with simulated rates based on corporate tax return data. We provide algorithms that can be used to estimate the book or tax simulated rates when they are not available.
RePEc:eee:jaecon:v:46:y:2008:i:2-3:p:366-388 Save to MyIDEAS - G. Dean Crader & Joseph H. Haslag (2017): Computing State Average Marginal Income Tax Rate: An Application to Missouri
Using filing-level data, we compute the average marginal income tax rate for the State of Missouri. ... We start with a simple experiment: consider the effect that a $10 change in federal adjusted gross income would have on each filer’s tax payment. We find that with deductions, exemptions, and credits, the average marginal income tax rate has been remarkably steady over the years, ranging from 3.50 percent to 3.66 percent. This rate is much lower than the top marginal income tax rate, which has been 6 percent for taxable income greater than $9,000 for the entire sample period. In addition, we compute the average marginal income tax rate for different types of income in order to compare directly with the NBER’s reported state rate.
RePEc:umc:wpaper:1711 Save to MyIDEAS - Fiona McAlister & Debasis Bandyopadhyay & Robert Barro & Jeremy Couchman & Norman Gemmell & Gordon Liao (2012): Average Marginal Income Tax Rates for New Zealand, 1907-2009
Estimates of marginal tax rates (MTRs) faced by individual economic agents, and for various ggregates of taxpayers, are important for economists testing behavioural responses to changes in those tax rates. This paper reports estimates of a number of personal marginal income tax rate measures for New Zealand since 1907, focusing mainly on the aggregate income-weighted average MTRs proposed by Barro and Sahasakul (1983, 1986) and Barro and Redlick (2011). The paper describes the methodology used to derive the various MTRs from original data on incomes and taxes from Statistics New Zealand Official Yearbooks (NZOYB), and discusses the resulting estimates.
RePEc:nzt:nztwps:12/04 Save to MyIDEAS - Evers, Lisa & Miller, Helen & Spengel, Christoph (2013): Intellectual property box regimes: Effective tax rates and tax policy considerations
11 European countries now operate IP Box regimes that provide substantially reduced rates of corporate tax for income derived from important forms of intellectual property. We incorporate these policies into forward-looking measures of the cost of capital, effective marginal tax rates and effective average tax rates. We show that the treatment of expenses relating to IP income is particularly important in determining the effective tax burden. A key finding is that regimes that allow expenses to be deducted at the ordinary corporate income tax rate, as opposed to the IP Box tax rate, may result in negative effective average tax rates and can thereby provide a subsidy to unprofitable projects. ... A key concern is the role that IP Boxes may play in increased, and possibly harmful, tax competition between European countries.
RePEc:zbw:zewdip:13070r Save to MyIDEAS - Chan, Ying Tung (2020): Optimal emissions tax rates under habit formation and social comparisons
The existing climate models ignore the behavioral anomalies of households and conclude that the optimal environmental tax rate should comove with business cycles. ... To this end, this paper studies the optimal emissions tax rate when households are bounded rational. ... In contrast to the previous result that the optimal emissions tax rate should be procyclical, we find that the social comparisons model largely mitigates the procyclicality of optimal emissions tax rates, and the optimal emissions tax rates under the habit formation model remain constant in response to all the economic shocks considered.
RePEc:eee:enepol:v:146:y:2020:i:c:s0301421520305279 Save to MyIDEAS - Rojo-Suárez, Javier & Alonso-Conde, Ana B. (2024): The role of shifts in the effective tax rate on the cost of equity
We propose an asset pricing model conditional on the effective tax rate, which allows us to explicitly estimate the impact of shifts in corporate taxes on the expected returns of equities. We evaluate the model using Spanish macro and market data to estimate the time-varying average corporate tax rate and average returns of different anomaly portfolios. ... Furthermore, uncertainty about the future tax burden generally translates into higher expected returns, which results in a lower value of firms.
RePEc:eee:reecon:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:61-72 Save to MyIDEAS - Lisa Frey (2018): Tax certified individual auditors and effective tax rates
This study examines how the appointment of tax certified individual auditors is associated with reported effective tax rates of corporate clients. The study uses a unique German institutional setting which makes it possible to track individual auditors that are also certified tax consultants and sign the audit opinion. Empirical results indicate that tax certified individual engagement partners are associated with higher effective tax rates. Further tests reveal that this association also exists for individual parent company financial statements and that it is stronger when tax confirmation services are provided to the audit client.
RePEc:spr:busres:v:11:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s40685-017-0057-8 Save to MyIDEAS - Lampenius, Niklas & Shevlin, Terry & Stenzel, Arthur (2021): Measuring corporate tax rate and tax base avoidance of U.S.
We develop an approach based on publicly available data to decompose and quantify tax avoidance into two separate components: tax rate avoidance and tax base avoidance. Our measures are based on the average statutory tax rate, which accounts for the statutory tax rates across all transactions of a firm. We illustrate and validate our measures using simulation data, the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, changes in tax rate avoidance and tax base avoidance across time, bonus depreciation time periods, several sample splits of U.S. multinational and domestic firms, differences across industries, and firms operating in tax haven locations. The measures allow regulators and researchers to gain insights into these two conceptually different tax avoidance strategies.
RePEc:eee:jaecon:v:72:y:2021:i:1:s0165410121000215 Save to MyIDEAS