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Comparison of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide in children and young people in care and non-care populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence

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  • Evans, Rhiannon
  • White, James
  • Turley, Ruth
  • Slater, Thomas
  • Morgan, Helen
  • Strange, Heather
  • Scourfield, Jonathan

Abstract

Suicide in children and young people is a major public health concern. However, it is unknown whether individuals who have been in the care of the child welfare system are at an elevated risk. Care is presently defined as statutory provision of in-home care (e.g. child living with birth family but in receipt of legal order involving supervision by social workers) or out-of-home care (e.g. foster care, residential care and kinship care). This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide in children and young people placed in care with non-care populations. A systematic search was conducted of 14 electronic bibliographic databases and 32 websites. Of 2811 unique articles identified, five studies published between 2001 and 2011 met the inclusion criteria. Studies reported on 2448 incidents of suicidal ideation, 3456 attempted suicides and 250 suicides. The estimated prevalence of suicidal ideation was 24.7% in children and young people in care compared to 11.4% in non-care populations. The prevalence of suicide attempt was 3.6% compared to 0.8%. Two studies reported on suicide. Suicide risk in children and young people in care was lower in one study (0% vs 0.9%) and higher in the second (0.27% vs 0.06%). The results of the systematic review and meta-analysis confirm that suicide attempts are more than three times as likely in children and young people placed in care compared to non-care populations. Targeted interventions to prevent or reduce suicide attempt in this population may be required. Further comparative studies are needed to establish if children and young people in care are at an elevated risk of suicidal ideation and suicide.

Suggested Citation

  • Evans, Rhiannon & White, James & Turley, Ruth & Slater, Thomas & Morgan, Helen & Strange, Heather & Scourfield, Jonathan, 2017. "Comparison of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide in children and young people in care and non-care populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 122-129.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:82:y:2017:i:c:p:122-129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Osteen, Philip J. & Lacasse, Jeffrey R. & Woods, MaKenna N. & Greene, Rachel & Frey, Jodi J. & Lane Forsman, R., 2018. "Training youth services staff to identify, assess, and intervene when working with youth at high risk for suicide," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 308-315.
    7. Göbbels-Koch, Petra, 2023. "The range of suicidal ideation among people with care experience: Occurrences of suicidal thoughts in a cross-national sample from England and Germany," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    8. Águila-Otero, A. & Bravo, A. & Santos, I. & Del Valle, J.F., 2020. "Addressing the most damaged adolescents in the child protection system: An analysis of the profiles of young people in therapeutic residential care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    9. Sigita Lesinskienė & Odeta Kinčinienė & Rokas Šambaras & Emilijus Žilinskas, 2022. "Analysis of Attempted Suicide in a Pediatric Setting: Extracted Notes for Clinical Practice and Complexity of Help," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-9, July.
    10. Ruch, Donna A. & Munir, Armin & Steelesmith, Danielle L. & Bridge, Jeffrey A. & Fontanella, Cynthia A., 2023. "Characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among youth involved with the U.S. child welfare system," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Lindner, Abigail Rose & Hanlon, Ryan, 2024. "Outcomes of youth with foster care experiences based on permanency outcome – Adoption, aging out, long-term foster care, and reunification: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    12. Muela, Alexander & García-Ormaza, Jon & Sansinenea, Eneko, 2024. "Suicidal behavior and deliberate self-harm: A major challenge for youth residential care in Spain," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    13. Jill R. McTavish & Christine McKee & Masako Tanaka & Harriet L. MacMillan, 2022. "Child Welfare Reform: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-24, October.
    14. Suárez-Soto, Elizabeth & Guilera, Georgina & Pereda, Noemí, 2018. "Victimization and suicidality among adolescents in child and youth-serving systems in Spain," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 383-389.
    15. Danner Touati, Camille & Miljkovitch, Raphaële & Elina Sirparanta, Aino & Ahmad, Sam & Toléon, Camille & Deborde, Anne-Sophie, 2023. "Suicidal risk among adult survivors of childhood maltreatment: The role of parent–child contact during out of home placement," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    16. Cummings, Aimee & Shelton, Katherine, 2024. "The prevalence of mental health disorders amongst care-experienced young people in the UK: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    17. Powell, Kalynda & Huxley, Elizabeth & Townsend, Michelle L, 2021. "Mental health help seeking in young people and carers in out of home care: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

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