run
Folders and files
| Name | Name | Last commit date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
parent directory.. | ||||
Description of namelist variables
---------------------------------
Note: variables followed by (max_dom) indicate that this variable needs to
be defined for the nests when max_dom > 1.
&time_control
run_days = 0, ! run time in days
run_hours = 0, ! run time in hours
Note: if it is more than 1 day, one may use both run_days and run_hours
or just run_hours. e.g. if the total run length is 36 hrs, you may
set run_days = 1, and run_hours = 12, or run_days = 0, and run_hours = 36.
run_minutes = 0, ! run time in minutes
run_seconds = 0, ! run time in seconds
start_year (max_dom) = 2001, ! four digit year of starting time
start_month (max_dom) = 06, ! two digit month of starting time
start_day (max_dom) = 11, ! two digit day of starting time
start_hour (max_dom) = 12, ! two digit hour of starting time
start_minute (max_dom) = 00, ! two digit minute of starting time
start_second (max_dom) = 00, ! two digit second of starting time
Note: the start time is used to name the first wrfout file.
It also controls the start time for nest domains, and the time to restart
end_year (max_dom) = 2001, ! four digit year of ending time
end_month (max_dom) = 06, ! two digit month of ending time
end_day (max_dom) = 12, ! two digit day of ending time
end_hour (max_dom) = 12, ! two digit hour of ending time
end_minute (max_dom) = 00, ! two digit minute of ending time
end_second (max_dom) = 00, ! two digit second of ending time
It also controls when the nest domain integrations end
All start and end times are used by real.exe.
Note that one may use either run_days/run_hours etc. or
end_year/month/day/hour etc. to control the length of
model integration. But run_days/run_hours
takes precedence over the end times.
Program real.exe uses start and end times only.
interval_seconds = 10800, ! time interval between incoming real data, which will be the interval
between the lateral boundary condition file (in seconds)
input_from_file (max_dom) = T, ! whether nested run will have input files for domains other than 1
fine_input_stream (max_dom) = 0, ! field selection from nest input for its initialization
0: all fields are used! 2: only static and time-varying, masked land
surface fields are used. This requires the use of
io_form_auxinput2
history_interval (max_dom) = 60, ! history output file interval in minutes
frames_per_outfile (max_dom) = 1, ! number of output times per history output file,
used to split output into multiple files
into smaller pieces
restart = F, ! whether this run is a restart run
cycling = F, ! whether this run is a cycling run, if so, initializes look-up table for Thompson schemes only
restart_interval = 1440, ! restart output file interval in minutes
reset_simulation_start = F, ! whether to overwrite simulation_start_date with forecast start time
io_form_history = 2, ! 2 = netCDF
io_form_restart = 2, ! 2 = netCDF
io_form_input = 2, ! 2 = netCDF
io_form_boundary = 2, ! netCDF format
= 4, ! PHD5 format
= 5, ! GRIB1 format
= 10, ! GRIB2 format
= 11, ! pnetCDF format
ncd_nofill = .true., ! only a single write, not the write/read/write sequence
frames_per_emissfile = 12, ! number of times in each chemistry emission file.
io_style_emiss = 1, ! style to use for the chemistry emission files.
! 0 = Do not read emissions from files.
! 1 = Cycle between two 12 hour files (set frames_per_emissfile=12)
! 2 = Dated files with length set by frames_per_emissfile
debug_level = 0, ! 50,100,200,300 values give increasing prints
diag_print = 0, ! print out time series of model diagnostics
0 = no print
1 = domain averaged 3-hourly hydrostatic surface pressure tendency
(Dpsfc/Dt), and dry-hydrostatic column pressure tendency (Dmu/Dt)
will appear in stdout file
2 = in addition to those above, domain averaged rainfall,
surface evaporation, and sensible and latent heat fluxes will be output
all_ic_times = .false., ! whether to write out wrfinput for all processing times
adjust_output_times = .false., ! adjust output times to the nearest hour
override_restart_timers = .false., ! whether to change the alarms from what is previously set
write_hist_at_0h_rst = .false., ! whether to output history file at the start of restart run
write_restart_at_0h = .false., ! whether to output restart file at the start of restart run
output_ready_flag = .true., ! asks the model to write-out an empty file with the name
'wrfoutReady_d<domain>_<date>.
Useful in production runs so that post-processing code can check on the
completeness of this file
force_use_old_data = .false., ! if set to .true., allow WRF Version 3 input data
=.false., stop when WRF model detects Version 3 input data
To choose between SI and WPS input to real for EM core:
auxinput1_inname = "met_em.d<domain>.<date>" ! Input to real from WPS (default since 3.0)
= "wrf_real_input_em.d<domain>.<date>" ! Input to real from SI
Other output options:
auxhist2_outname = "rainfall" ! file name for extra output! if not specified,
auxhist2_d<domain>_<date> will be used
also note that to write variables in output other
than the history file requires Registry.EM file change
auxhist2_interval (max_dom) = 10, ! interval in minutes
io_form_auxhist2 = 2, ! output in netCDF
frames_per_auxhist2 = 1000, ! number of output times in this file
For SST updating (used only with sst_update=1):
auxinput4_inname = "wrflowinp_d<domain>"
auxinput4_interval = 360 ! minutes generally matches time given by interval_seconds
io_form_auxinput4 = 2 ! IO format
nwp_diagnostics = 0 ! set to = 1 to add 7 history-interval max diagnostic fields
For additional regional climate surface fields
output_diagnostics = 0 ! set to = 1 to add 36 surface diagnostic arrays (max/min/mean/std)
auxhist3_outname = 'wrfxtrm_d<domain>_<date>' ! file name for added diagnostics
io_form_auxhist3 = 2 ! netcdf
auxhist3_interval = 1440 ! minutes between outputs (1440 gives daily max/min)
frames_per_auxhist3 = 1 ! output times per file
Note: do restart only at multiple of auxhist3_intervals
For observation nudging:
auxinput11_interval = 10 ! interval in minutes for observation data. It should be
set as or more frequently as obs_ionf (with unit of
coarse domain time step).
auxinput11_end_h = 6 ! end of observation time in hours.
Options for run-time IO:
iofields_filename (max_dom) = "my_iofields_list.txt",
(example: +:h:21:rainc, rainnc, rthcuten)
ignore_iofields_warning = .true., ! what to do when encountering an error in the user-specified files
.false., ! abort when encountering an error in iofields_filename file
nocolons = .false., ! whether to write file date with colons
.true., e.g. 2020-05-20_12_00_00
Additional settings when running WRFVAR:
write_input = t, ! write input-formatted data as output
inputout_interval (max_dom) = 180, ! interval in minutes when writing input-formatted data
input_outname = 'wrfinput_d<domain>_<date>' ! you may change the output file name
inputout_begin_y (max_dom) = 0
inputout_begin_mo = 0
inputout_begin_d (max_dom) = 0
inputout_begin_h (max_dom) = 3
inputout_begin_m (max_dom) = 0
inputout_begin_s (max_dom) = 0
inputout_end_y (max_dom) = 0
inputout_end_mo = 0
inputout_end_d (max_dom) = 0
inputout_end_h (max_dom) = 12
inputout_end_m (max_dom) = 0
inputout_end_s (max_dom) = 0 ! the above shows that the input-formatted data are output
starting from hour 3 to hour 12 in 180 min interval.
For automatic moving nests: requires special input data, and environment variable TERRAIN_AND_LANDUSE set at compile time
(This option will overwrite input_from_file for nest domains)
input_from_hires (max_dom) = .true.,
rsmas_data_path = "path-to-terrain-and-landuse-dataset"
&domains
time_step = 60, ! time step for integration in integer seconds
recommend 6*dx (in km) for typical real-data cases
time_step_fract_num = 0, ! numerator for fractional time step
time_step_fract_den = 1, ! denominator for fractional time step
Example, if you want to use 60.3 sec as your time step,
set time_step = 60, time_step_fract_num = 3, and
time_step_fract_den = 10
time_step_dfi = 60, ! time step for DFI, may be different from regular time_step
reasonable_time_step_ratio = 6., ! Any d01, real-data case with a time step ratio larger than this is stopped. Except for specific circumstances (e.g., using IEVA), this value should be no larger than 6 (default).
max_dom = 1, ! number of domains - set it to > 1 if it is a nested run
s_we (max_dom) = 1, ! start index in x (west-east) direction (leave as is)
e_we (max_dom) = 91, ! end index in x (west-east) direction (staggered dimension)
s_sn (max_dom) = 1, ! start index in y (south-north) direction (leave as is)
e_sn (max_dom) = 82, ! end index in y (south-north) direction (staggered dimension)
s_vert (max_dom) = 1, ! start index in z (vertical) direction (leave as is)
e_vert (max_dom) = 30, ! end index in z (vertical) direction (staggered dimension)
Note: this refers to full levels including surface and top
vertical dimensions need to be the same for all nests
Note: most variables are unstaggered (= staggered dim - 1)
dx (max_dom) = 10000, ! grid length in x direction; unit in meters.
dy (max_dom) = 10000, ! grid length in y direction; unit in meters.
ztop (max_dom) = 19000. ! used in mass model for idealized cases
grid_id (max_dom) = 1, ! domain identifier
parent_id (max_dom) = 0, ! id of the parent domain
i_parent_start (max_dom) = 0, ! starting LLC I-indices from the parent domain
j_parent_start (max_dom) = 0, ! starting LLC J-indices from the parent domain
parent_grid_ratio (max_dom) = 1, ! parent-to-nest domain grid size ratio: for real-data cases
the ratio has to be odd! for idealized cases,
the ratio can be even if feedback is set to 0.
parent_time_step_ratio (max_dom) = 1, ! parent-to-nest time step ratio! it can be different
from the parent_grid_ratio
feedback = 1, ! feedback from nest to its parent domain; 0 = no feedback
smooth_option = 2 ! smoothing option for parent domain, used only with feedback
option on. 0: no smoothing; 1: 1-2-1 smoothing; 2: smoothing-desmoothing (default)
Namelist variables specifically for the WPS input for real:
num_metgrid_soil_levels = 4 ! number of vertical soil levels or layers input
from WPS metgrid program
num_metgrid_levels = 27 ! number of vertical levels of 3d meteorological fields coming
from WPS metgrid program
interp_type = 2 ! vertical interpolation
1 = linear in pressure
2 = linear in log(pressure)
extrap_type = 2 ! vertical extrapolation of non-temperature fields
1 = extrapolate using the two lowest levels
2 = use lowest level as constant below ground
t_extrap_type = 2 ! vertical extrapolation for potential temperature
1 = isothermal
2 = -6.5 K/km lapse rate for temperature
3 = constant theta
use_levels_below_ground = .true. ! in vertical interpolation, use levels below input surface level
T = use input isobaric levels below input surface
F = extrapolate when WRF location is below input surface value
use_surface = .true. ! use the input surface level data in the vertical interp and extrap
T = use the input surface data
F = do not use the input surface data
lagrange_order = 2 ! vertical interpolation order
1 = linear
2 = quadratic
9 = cubic spline
zap_close_levels = 500 ! ignore isobaric level above surface if delta p (Pa) < zap_close_levels
lowest_lev_from_sfc = .false. ! place the surface value into the lowest eta location
! T = use surface value as lowest eta (u,v,t,q)
! F = use traditional interpolation
force_sfc_in_vinterp = 1 ! use the surface level as the lower boundary when interpolating
through this many eta levels
0 = perform traditional trapping interpolation
n = first n eta levels directly use surface level
maxw_horiz_pres_diff = 5000 ! Pressure threshold (Pa). For using the level of max winds, when the
pressure difference between neighboring values exceeds this maximum,
the variable is NOT inserted into the column for vertical interpolation.
trop_horiz_pres_diff = 5000 ! Pressure threshold (Pa). For using the tropopause level, when the
pressure difference between neighboring values exceeds this maximum,
the variable is NOT inserted into the column for vertical interpolation.
maxw_above_this_level = 30000 ! Minimum height (actually it is pressure in Pa) to allow using the
level of max wind information in real. With a value of 300 hPa, then
a max wind value at 500 hPa will be ignored.
use_maxw_level 0=do not use max wind speed level in vertical interpolation inside
of the real program, 1 = use level
use_trop_level as above, with tropopause level data
sfcp_to_sfcp = .false. ! Optional method to compute model's surface pressure when incoming
data only has surface pressure and terrain, but not SLP
smooth_cg_topo = .false. ! Smooth the outer rows and columns of domain 1's topography w.r.t.
the input data
use_tavg_for_tsk = .false. ! whether to use diurnally averaged surface temp as skin temp. The
diurnally averaged surface temp can be computed using WPS utility
avg_tsfc.exe. May use this option when SKINTEMP is not present.
aggregate_lu = .false. ! whether to aggregate the grass, shrubs, trees in dominant landuse;
default is false.
rh2qv_wrt_liquid = .true., ! whether to compute RH with respect to water (true) or ice (false)
rh2qv_method = 1, ! which method to use to computer mixing ratio from RH:
default is option 1, the old MM5 method; option 2 uses a WMO
recommended method (WMO-No. 49, corrigendum, August 2000) -
use_sh_qv = .false., ! whether to use specific humidity or mixing ratio data from input
recommended if input data has high vertical resolution
interp_theta = .false. ! If set to .false., it will vertically interpolate temperature
instead of potential temperature, which may reduce bias when
compared with input data
hypsometric_opt = 2, ! = 1: default method
= 2: it uses an alternative way (less biased
when compared against input data) to compute height in program
real and pressure in model.
wif_input_opt = 0 ! = 1: option to process the Water Ice Friendly Aerosol input from metgrid for use with mp_physics=28
= 2: since V4.4, option to use black carbon aerosol category with mp_physics=28, as well as its radiative effect. Must include
file QNWFA_QNIFA_QNBCA_SIGMA_MONTHLY.dat during WPS
num_wif_levels = 30 ! number of levels in the Thompson Water Ice Friendly aerosols (mp_physic=28)
p_top_requested = 5000 ! p_top (Pa) to use in the model
vert_refine_fact = 1 ! vertical refinement factor for ndown, not used for concurrent vertical grid refinement
vert_refine_method (max_dom) = 0 ! vertical refinement method
0: no vertical refinement
1: integer vertical refinement (must set rebalance=1)
2: use specified or computed eta levels for vertical refinement (must set rebalance=1)
rebalance = 0 ! must be set to =1 if vertical nesting is used.
ts_buf_size = 200 ! size of time series buffer
max_ts_locs = 5, ! maximum number of time series locations
max_ts_level = 15, ! highest model level for time series output
tslist_unstagger_winds = .false., ! whether to interpolate 3D u and v to cell centers
Users may explicitly define full eta levels. Given are two distributions for 28 and 35 levels. The number
of levels must agree with the number of eta surfaces allocated (e_vert). Users may alternatively request
only the number of levels (with e_vert), and the real program will compute values. There are
two methods selected with auto_levels_opt = 1 (old) or 2 (new). The old computation assumes
a known first several layers, then generates equi-height spaced levels up to the top of the model.
The new method has surface and upper stretching factors (dz_stretch_s and dz_stretch_u) to stretch levels according to
log p up to where it reaches the maximum thickness (max_dz) and starting from thickness dzbot.
The stretching transitions from dzstretch_s to dzstretch_u by the time the thickness reaches max_dz/2.
max_dz = 1000. ! maximum level thickness allowed (m)
auto_levels_opt = 1 ! old
= 2 ! new default (also set dzstretch_s, dzstretch_u, dzbot, max_dz)
dzbot = 50. ! thickness of lowest layer (m) for auto_levels_opt=2
dzstretch_s = 1.3 ! surface stretch factor for auto_levels_opt=2
dzstretch_u = 1.1 ! upper stretch factor for auto_levels_opt=2
eta_levels = 1.000, 0.990, 0.978, 0.964, 0.946,
0.922, 0.894, 0.860, 0.817, 0.766,
0.707, 0.644, 0.576, 0.507, 0.444,
0.380, 0.324, 0.273, 0.228, 0.188,
0.152, 0.121, 0.093, 0.069, 0.048,
0.029, 0.014, 0.000,
eta_levels = 1.000, 0.993, 0.983, 0.970, 0.954,
0.934, 0.909, 0.880, 0.845, 0.807,
0.765, 0.719, 0.672, 0.622, 0.571,
0.520, 0.468, 0.420, 0.376, 0.335,
0.298, 0.263, 0.231, 0.202, 0.175,
0.150, 0.127, 0.106, 0.088, 0.070,
0.055, 0.040, 0.026, 0.013, 0.000
= 0,2, ! this allows vertical nesting in the nest domain
Note that with vertical nesting one can only use RRTM and RRTMG radiation physics
An example to define vertical nested levels (in program real):
e_vert = 35, 45,
eta_levels(1:35) = 1., 0.993, 0.983, 0.97, 0.954, 0.934, 0.909, 0.88, 0.8406663, 0.8013327,
0.761999, 0.7226653, 0.6525755, 0.5877361, 0.5278192, 0.472514,
0.4215262, 0.3745775, 0.3314044, 0.2917579, 0.2554026, 0.2221162,
0.1916888, 0.1639222, 0.1386297, 0.1156351, 0.09525016, 0.07733481,
0.06158983, 0.04775231, 0.03559115, 0.02490328, 0.0155102, 0.007255059, 0.
eta_levels(36:81) = 1.0000, 0.9946, 0.9875, 0.9789, 0.9685, 0.9562, 0.9413, 0.9238, 0.9037, 0.8813, 0.8514,
0.8210, 0.7906, 0.7602, 0.7298, 0.6812, 0.6290, 0.5796, 0.5333, 0.4901, 0.4493, 0.4109,
0.3746, 0.3412, 0.3098, 0.2802, 0.2524, 0.2267, 0.2028, 0.1803, 0.1593, 0.1398, 0.1219,
0.1054, 0.0904, 0.0766, 0.0645, 0.0534, 0.0433, 0.0341, 0.0259, 0.0185, 0.0118, 0.0056, 0.
ideal_init_method method to compute alb in idealized cases in start_em
= 1, alb from phb (default); = 2, alb from t_init
Horizontal interpolation options, coarse grid to fine grid. The default is to use
the Smolarkiewicz "SINT" method. However, this is known to break with the
implementation inside of WRF for large refinement ratios (such as 15:1). For those
extreme (and quite rare occurrences), other schemes are available. For options
1, 3, 4, and 12, the FG lateral boundaries use the same horizontal scheme for the
lateral BC computations.
interp_method_type = 1 ! bi-linear interpolation
= 2 ! SINT, (default)
= 3 ! nearest neighbor - only to be used for
testing purposes
= 4 ! overlapping quadratic
=12 ! again for testing, uses SINT horizontal
interpolation, and same scheme for
computation of FG lateral boundaries
Variables specifically for the 3d ocean initialization with a single profile. Set
the ocean physics option to #2. Specify a number of levels. For each of those levels,
provide a depth (m) below the surface. At each depth provide a temperature (K) and
a salinity (ppt). The default is not to use the 3d ocean. Even when the 3d ocean is
activated, the user must specify a reasonable ocean. Currently, this is the only way
available to run the 3d ocean option.
&physics
sf_ocean_physics = activate ocean model (0=no, 1=1d mixed layer; 2=3D PWP, no bathymetry)
&domains
ocean_levels = 30,
ocean_z ; vertical profile of layer depths for ocean (in meters), e.g.:
= 5., 15., 25., 35., 45., 55.,
65., 75., 85., 95., 105., 115.,
125., 135., 145., 155., 165., 175.,
185., 195., 210., 230., 250., 270.,
290., 310., 330., 350., 370., 390.
ocean_t ; vertical profile of ocean temps, e.g.:
= 302.3493, 302.3493, 302.3493, 302.1055, 301.9763, 301.6818,
301.2220, 300.7531, 300.1200, 299.4778, 298.7443, 297.9194,
297.0883, 296.1443, 295.1941, 294.1979, 293.1558, 292.1136,
291.0714, 290.0293, 288.7377, 287.1967, 285.6557, 284.8503,
284.0450, 283.4316, 283.0102, 282.5888, 282.1674, 281.7461
ocean_s ; vertical profile of salinity, e.g.:
= 34.0127, 34.0127, 34.0127, 34.3217, 34.2624, 34.2632,
34.3240, 34.3824, 34.3980, 34.4113, 34.4220, 34.4303,
34.6173, 34.6409, 34.6535, 34.6550, 34.6565, 34.6527,
34.6490, 34.6446, 34.6396, 34.6347, 34.6297, 34.6247,
34.6490, 34.6446, 34.6396, 34.6347, 34.6297, 34.6247
Namelist variables for controlling the specified moving nest:
Note that this moving nest option needs to be activated at the compile time by adding -DMOVE_NESTS
to the ARCHFLAGS. The maximum number of moves, max_moves, is set to 50
but can be modified in source code file frame/module_driver_constants.F.
num_moves = 0 ! total number of moves
move_id(max_moves) = 2,2,2,2, ! a list of nest domain id's, one per move
move_interval(max_moves) = 60,120,150,180, ! time in minutes since the start of this domain
move_cd_x(max_moves) = 1,1,0,-1, ! the number of parent domain grid cells to move in i direction
move_cd_y(max_moves) = 1,0,-1,1, ! the number of parent domain grid cells to move in j direction
positive is to move in increasing i and j direction, and
negative is to move in decreasing i and j direction.
0 means no move. The limitation now is to move only 1 grid cell
at each move.
Namelist variables for controlling the automatic moving nest:
Note that this moving nest option needs to be activated at the compile time by adding -DMOVE_NESTS
and -DVORTEX_CENTER to the ARCHFLAGS. This option uses a mid-level vortex following algorithm to
determine the nest move. This option is experimental.
vortex_interval(max_dom) = 15 ! how often the new vortex position is computed
max_vortex_speed(max_dom) = 40 ! used to compute the search radius for the new vortex position
corral_dist(max_dom) = 8 ! how many coarse grid cells the moving nest is allowed to get
near the mother domain boundary
track_level = 50000 ! pressure value in Pa where the vortex is tracked
time_to_move(max_dom) = 0. ! time (in minutes) to start the moving nests
tile_sz_x = 0, ! number of points in tile x direction
tile_sz_y = 0, ! number of points in tile y direction
can be determined automatically
numtiles = 1, ! number of tiles per patch (alternative to above two items)
nproc_x = -1, ! number of processors in x for decomposition
nproc_y = -1, ! number of processors in y for decomposition
-1: code will do automatic decomposition
>1: for both: will be used for decomposition
Namelist variables for controlling the adaptive time step option:
use_adaptive_time_step = .false. ! T/F use adaptive time stepping.
step_to_output_time = .true. ! if adaptive time stepping, T/F modify the
time steps so that the exact history time is reached
target_cfl(max_dom) = 1.2,1.2 ! vertical and horizontal CFL <= to this value implies
no reason to reduce the time step, and to increase it
target_hcfl(max_dom) = .84,.84 ! horizontal CFL <= to this value implies
max_step_increase_pct(max_dom) = 5,51 ! percentage of previous time step to increase, if the
max(vert cfl, horiz cfl) <= target_cfl, then the time
will increase by max_step_increase_pct. Use something
large for nests (51% suggested)
starting_time_step(max_dom) = -1,-1 ! flag = -1 implies use 4*dx (defined in start_em),
starting_time_step = 100 means the starting time step
for the coarse grid is 100 s
max_time_step(max_dom) = -1,-1 ! flag = -1 implies max time step is 8*dx,
max_time_step = 100 means that the time step will not
exceed 100 s
min_time_step(max_dom) = -1,-1 ! flag = -1 implies max time step is 3*dx,
min_time_step = 100 means that the time step will not
be less than 100 s
adaptation_domain = 1 ! default, all fine grid domains adaptive dt driven by coarse-grid
2 = Fine grid domain #2 determines the fundamental adaptive dt.
&dfi_control
dfi_opt = 0 ! which DFI option to use (3 is recommended)
0 = no digital filter initialization
1 = digital filter launch (DFL)
2 = diabatic DFI (DDFI)
3 = twice DFI (TDFI)
dfi_nfilter = 7 ! digital filter type to use (7 is recommended)
0 = uniform
1 = Lanczos
2 = Hamming
3 = Blackman
4 = Kaiser
5 = Potter
6 = Dolph window
7 = Dolph
8 = recursive high-order
dfi_write_filtered_input = .true. ! whether to write wrfinput file with filtered
model state before beginning forecast
dfi_write_dfi_history = .false. ! whether to write wrfout files during filtering integration
dfi_cutoff_seconds = 3600 ! cutoff period, in seconds, for the filter
dfi_time_dim = 1000 ! maximum number of time steps for filtering period
this value can be larger than necessary
dfi_bckstop_year = 2004 ! four-digit year of stop time for backward DFI integration
dfi_bckstop_month = 03 ! two-digit month of stop time for backward DFI integration
dfi_bckstop_day = 14 ! two-digit day of stop time for backward DFI integration
dfi_bckstop_hour = 12 ! two-digit hour of stop time for backward DFI integration
dfi_bckstop_minute = 00 ! two-digit minute of stop time for backward DFI integration
dfi_bckstop_second = 00 ! two-digit second of stop time for backward DFI integration
dfi_fwdstop_year = 2004 ! four-digit year of stop time for forward DFI integration
dfi_fwdstop_month = 03 ! two-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration
dfi_fwdstop_day = 13 ! two-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration
dfi_fwdstop_hour = 12 ! two-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration
dfi_fwdstop_minute = 00 ! two-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration
dfi_fwdstop_second = 00 ! two-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration
dfi_savehydmeteors = 0 ! option for radar DA: 0: set hydrometeors to 0 before DFI and
let them spin up in DFI; 1: keep them unchanged in DFI
&physics
Note: even the physics options can be different in different nest domains,
caution must be used as what options are sensible to use
chem_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! chemistry option - use WRF-Chem
mp_physics (max_dom) microphysics option
= 0, no microphysics
= 1, Kessler scheme
= 2, Lin et al. scheme
= 3, WSM 3-class simple ice scheme
= 4, WSM 5-class scheme
= 5, Ferrier (new Eta) microphysics, operational High-Resolution Window version
= 6, WSM 6-class graupel scheme
= 7, Goddard 4-ice scheme
= 8, Thompson scheme
= 9, Milbrandt-Yau 2-moment scheme
= 10, Morrison (2 moments)
= 11, CAM 5.1 microphysics
= 13, SBU_YLIN scheme
= 14, WDM 5-class scheme
= 16, WDM 6-class scheme
= 18, NSSL 2-moment 4-ice scheme with predicted (unactivated) CCN (or activated CCN)
to change global CCN value, use
nssl_cccn = 0.7e9 ; CCN (#/m^3 at sea level pressure) for NSSL scheme (18) or nssl_ccn_on=1
Also sets ccn_conc for mp_physics=18
For NSSL 1-moment schemes, intercept and particle densities can be set for snow,
graupel, hail, and rain. For the 1- and 2-moment schemes, the shape parameters
for graupel and hail can be set.
PLEASE SEE README.NSSLmp for options affecting the NSSL scheme
= 17, 19, 21, 22: Legacy NSSL-MP options: see README.NSSLmp for equivalent settings with 18
= 24, WSM 7-class scheme (separate hail and graupel categories)
= 26, WDM 7-class scheme (separate hail and graupel categories)
= 28, aerosol-aware Thompson scheme with water- and ice-friendly aerosol climatology
This option has two climatological aerosol input options:
use_aero_icbc = .F. : use constant values
use_aero_icbc = .T. : use climatological aerosol input from WPS
use_rap_aero_icbc = .false. ! Set to .true. to ingest real-time data containing aerosols (new in 4.4)
qna_update = 0 ! set to 1 to update time-varying sfc aerosol emission from climatology or
real-time data
with mp_physics = 28. Use with input file ‘wrfqnainp_d0*’
(must set auxinput17_interval and io_form_auxinput17; new in 4.4)
wif_fire_emit = .false. ! set to .true. to include biomass burning organic and black carbon
aerosols with mp_physics = 28 (new in 4.4)
wif_fire_inj = 1 ! (default) vertically distribute biomass burning emissions
in mp_physics = 28 (new in 4.4)
= 30, HUJI (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) spectral bin microphysics,
fast version
= 32, HUJI spectral bin microphysics, full version
= 38, Thompson scheme with 2-moment graupel/hail (new in 4.5)
= 40, Morrison (2 moments) with consideration of CESM-NCSU RCP4.5 climatological
aerosol
= 50, P3 1-ice category, 1-moment cloud water
= 51, P3 1-ice category plus double-moment cloud water
= 52, P3 2-ice categories plus double-moment cloud water
= 53, P3 1-ice category, 3-moment ice, plus double-moment cloud water
= 55, Jensen-ISHMAEL (Ice-Spheroids Habit Model with Aspect-ratio Evolution) scheme
predicting qc, qr, and three ice species with four predictive equations for each ice
= 56, NTU multi-moment scheme ! for ntu3m
ccnty = 1 ! for aerosol background type, marine, for ntu3m
2 ! continental clean (default), for ntu3m
3 ! continental average, for ntu3m
4 ! continental urban, for ntu3m
= 95, Ferrier (old Eta) microphysics
= 96, Madwrf
= 97, Goddard GCE scheme (also uses gsfcgce_hail, gsfcgce_2ice)
For non-zero mp_physics options, to keep Qv .GE. 0, and to set the other moisture
fields .LT. a critical value to zero
mp_zero_out = 0, ! no action taken, no adjustment to any moist field
= 1, ! except for Qv, all other moist arrays are set to zero
if they fall below a critical value
= 2, ! Qv is .GE. 0, all other moist arrays are set to zero
if they fall below a critical value
mp_zero_out_thresh = 1.e-8 ! critical value for moist array threshold, below which
moist arrays (except for Qv) are set to zero (kg/kg)
gsfcgce_hail = 0 ! for running gsfcgce microphysics with graupel
= 1 ! for running gsfcgce microphysics with hail
default value = 0
gsfcgce_2ice = 0 ! for running with snow, ice and graupel/hail
= 1 ! for running with only ice and snow
= 2 ! for running with only ice and graupel
(only used in very extreme situation)
default value = 0
gsfcgce_hail is ignored if gsfcgce_2ice is set to 1 or 2.
hail_opt = 0 ! hail switch for WSM6 and WDM6 : 0 - off, 1 - on
morr_rimed_ice = 1 ! hail switch for Morrison schemes (mp_physics=10 and 40: 0 - off,
1 - on (new in 4.0)
clean_atm_diag = 0 ! if set to =1, turns on clean sky diagnostics (for chem); default is 0=off
acc_phy_tend = 0 ! set to =1 to output 16 accumulated physics tendencies for potential temp,
water vaopr mixing ratio, and U/V wind components; default is 0=off (new in 4.4)
progn (max_dom) = 0 ! switch to use mix-activate scheme (Only for Morrison, WDM6, WDM5,
and NSSL_2MOM)
ccn_conc = 1.E8 ! CCN concentration, used by WDM schemes (set automatically for NSSL_2MOM using nssl_cccn)
no_mp_heating = 0 ! normal
= 1 ! turn off latent heating from a microphysics scheme
use_mp_re = 1 ! whether to use effective radii computed in mp schemes in RRTMG
0: do not use; 1: use effective radii
(The mp schemes that compute effective radii are 3,4,6,7,8,10,14,16,18,24,26,28,50-53,55)
force_read_thompson = .false. ! whether to read tables for mp_physics = 8,28
write_thompson_tables = .true. ! whether to read or compute tables for mp_phyiscs = 8,28
write_thompson_mp38table = .false. ! whether to read table (qr_acr_qg_mp38V1.dat) for mp_physics = 38
ra_lw_physics (max_dom) longwave radiation option
= 0, no longwave radiation
= 1, rrtm scheme
(Default values for GHG in V4.2: co2vmr=(280. + 90.*exp(0.02*(yr-2000)))*1.e-6
n2ovmr=319.e-9, ch4vmr=1774.e-9
Values used in previous versions: co2vmr=330.e-6, n2ovmr=0., ch4vmr=0.)
= 3, cam scheme
also requires levsiz, paerlev, cam_abs_dim1/2 (see below)
= 4, rrtmg scheme
(Default values for GHG in V4.2: co2vmr=(280. + 90.*exp(0.02*(yr-2000)))*1.e-6
n2ovmr=319.e-9, ch4vmr=1774.e-9,
cfc11=0.251e-9, cfc12=0.538e-9,
= 14, rrtmg-k scheme from KIAPS
= 24, fast rrtmg scheme for GPU and MIC (since 3.7)
(Default values for GHG in V4.2: co2vmr=(280. + 90.*exp(0.02*(yr-2000)))*1.e-6
n2ovmr=319.e-9, ch4vmr=1774.e-9,
cfc11=0.251e-9, cfc12=0.538e-9
= 5, Goddard longwave scheme
= 7, FLG (UCLA) scheme
= 31, Earth Held-Suarez forcing
= 99, GFDL (Eta) longwave (semi-supported)
also must use co2tf = 1 for ARW
ra_sw_physics (max_dom) shortwave radiation option
= 0, no shortwave radiation
= 1, Dudhia scheme
= 2, Goddard short wave
= 3, cam scheme
also must set levsiz, paerlev, cam_abs_dim1/2 (see below)
= 4, rrtmg scheme
= 14, rrtmg-k scheme from KIAPS
= 24, fast rrtmg scheme for GPU and MIC (since 3.7)
= 5, Goddard shortwave scheme
= 7, FLG (UCLA) scheme
= 99, GFDL (Eta) longwave (semi-supported)
also must use co2tf = 1 for ARW
radt (max_dom) = 30, ! minutes between radiation physics calls
recommend 1 min per km of dx (e.g. 10 for 10 km);
use the same value for all nests.
cldovrlp = 2, ! cloud overlapping option for RRTMG only. 1=random, 2=maximum-random (default),
3=maximum, 4=exponential, 5=exponential-random
idcor = 0, ! decorrelation length flag for cldovrlp=4 or 5
0 = constant decorrelation length, 2500 m;
1 = latitude-varying decorrelation length
ra_sw_eclipse = 0, ! eclipse effect on shortwave radiation. 0: off, 1: on.
Applies to RRTMG, Goddard, old Goddard and Dudhia schemes
ghg_input = 1, ! Option to read CAMtr_volume_mixing_ratio files of green house gas values,
as of v4.4, the default is SSP 2 with RCP 4.5 => SSP245
Used for CAM LW and SW, RRTM, RRTMG LW and SW, RRTMG_fast LW and SW
0 = do not read in the annual data
1 = read in time dependent data for CO2, N2O, CH4, CFC11, CFC12
co2tf CO2 transmission function flag only for GFDL radiation
= 0, ! read CO2 function data from pre-generated file
= 1, ! generate CO2 functions internally in the forecast
ra_call_offset radiation call offset
= 0 ! (=0, no offset; =-1, old offset)
swint_opt Interpolation of short-wave radiation based on the updated solar zenith angle
between SW call
= 0, ! no interpolation
= 1, ! use interpolation
= 2, ! Calls the Fast All-Sky Radiation Model for Solar applications (FARMS)
! every model time step.
couple_farms = .false. ! True) uses FARMS SW radiation to drive the LSM, False) Uses the SW radiation from rad_sw_physics
cam_abs_freq_s = 21600 ! default CAM clearsky longwave absorption calculation frequency
(recommended minimum value to speed scheme up)
levsiz = 59 ! for CAM radiation input ozone levels, set automatically
paerlev = 29 ! for CAM radiation input aerosol levels, set automatically
cam_abs_dim1 = 4 ! for CAM absorption save array, set automatically
cam_abs_dim2 = value of e_vert for CAM 2nd absorption save array, set automatically
o3input = ozone input option for radiation (currently rrtmg only)
= 0, ! using profile inside the code
= 2, ! using CAM ozone data (ozone.formatted)
aer_opt = aerosol input option for radiation (currently rrtmg only)
= 0, ! none
= 1, ! using Tegen (1997) data,
= 2, ! using J. A. Ruiz-Arias method (see other aer_* options)
= 3, ! using G. Thompson's water/ice friendly climatological aerosol
alevsiz = 12 ! for Tegen aerosol input levels, set automatically
no_src_types = 6 ! for Tegen aerosols: organic and black carbon, sea salt, sulfalte, dust,
and stratospheric aerosol (volcanic ashes - currently 0), set automatically
The following aerosol options allow RRTMG and new Goddard radiation schemes to see it, but the aerosols are
constant during the model integration.
aer_aod550_opt (max_dom) = [1,2]
1 = input constant value for AOD at 550 nm from namelist.
In this case, the value is read from aer_aod550_val;
2 = input value from auxiliary input 15. It is a time-varying 2D grid in netcdf
wrf-compatible format. The default is aer_aod550_opt=1 and aer_aod550_val=0.12
aer_aod550_val (max_dom) = 0.12
aer_angexp_opt (max_dom) = [1,2,3] :
1 = input constant value for Angstrom exponent from namelist. In this case,
the value is read from aer_angexp_val;
2 = input value from auxiliary input 15, as in aer_aod550_opt;
3 = Angstrom exponent value estimated from the aerosol type defined in aer_type, and modulated
with the RH in WRF. Default operation is aer_angexp_opt = 1, and aer_angexp_val=1.3.
aer_angexp_val (max_dom) = 1.3
aer_ssa_opt (max_dom) = [1,2,3] similar to aer_angexp_opt.
aer_ssa_val (max_dom) = 0.85
aer_asy_opt (max_dom) = [1,2,3] similar to aer_angexp_opt.
aer_asy_val (max_dom) = 0.9
aer_type (max_dom) = [1,2,3] : 1 for rural, 2 is urban and 3 is maritime.
sf_sfclay_physics (max_dom) surface-layer option (old bl_sfclay_physics option)
= 0, no surface-layer
= 1, Revised MM5 Monin-Obukhov scheme (Jimenez, renamed in v3.6)
= 2, Monin-Obukhov (Janjic) scheme
= 3, NCEP Global Forecast System scheme
= 4, QNSE surface layer
= 5, MYNN surface layer
= 7, Pleim-Xiu surface layer
= 10, TEMF surface layer
= 91, Old MM5 scheme (previously option 1)
sf_surface_physics (max_dom) land-surface option (old bl_surface_physics option)
= 0, no surface temp prediction
= 1, thermal diffusion scheme
= 2, Unified Noah land-surface model
= 3, RUC land-surface model
= 4, Noah-MP land-surface model (see additional &noah_mp namelist)
= 5, Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4), adapted from CAM
= 6, Community Terrestrial Systems Model (CTSM). See doc/README.CTSM for info on running this option.
= 7, Pleim-Xiu LSM
= 8, Simplified Simple Biosphere Model (SSiB)
- can be used with Dudhia/RRTM, CAM or RRTMG radiation options
sf_urban_physics(max_dom) = 0, ! activate urban canopy model (in Noah and Noah-MP LSMs only)
= 0: no
= 1: Single-layer, UCM
= 2: Multi-layer, Building Environment Parameterization (BEP) scheme
(works only with YSU, MYJ and BouLac PBL)
= 3: Multi-layer, Building Environment Model (BEM) scheme
(works only with YSU, MYJ and BouLac PBL)
num_urban_ndm = 1! (= 2 if BEP or BEM active) maximum number of street dimensions (ndm in BEP or BEM header)
num_urban_ng = 1! (= 10 if BEP or BEM active) number of grid levels in the ground (ng_u in BEP or BEM header)
num_urban_nwr = 1! (= 10 if BEP or BEM active) number of grid levels in the walls or roof (nwr_u in BEP or BEM header)
num_urban_nz = 1! (= 18 if BEP or BEM active) maximum number of vertical levels in the urban grid (nz_um in BEP or BEM header)
num_urban_ngb = 1! (= 10 if BEM active) number of grid levels in the ground below building (ngb_u in BEM header)
num_urban_nf = 1! (= 10 if BEM active) number of grid levels in the floors (nf_u in BEM header)
num_urban_nbui = 1! (= 15 if BEM active) maximum number of types of buildings in an urban class (nbui_max in BEM header)
sf_surf_irr_scheme (max_dom) = 0: no irrigation scheme
= 1: channel scheme (in Noah only)
= 2: drip scheme
= 3: sprinkler scheme
irr_daily_amount (max_dom) = daily equivalent irrigation water amount in mm (float, e.g. 5.7)
irr_start_hour (max_dom) = UTC start hour for irrigation (int, e.g. 5)
irr_num_hours (max_dom) = number of consecutive hours for irrigation (int, e.g. 3)
irr_start_julianday (max_dom) = Julian start day of irrigation (int, e.g. 135)
irr_end_julianday (max_dom) = Julian end day of irrigation (int, e.g. 255)
irr_ph (max_dom) = 0: all the static IRRIGATION field is activated
= 1: pseudo random activation field: ensures repeatability across compilers
= 2: random activation field: results might depend on the compiler fortran RANDOM_SEED
irr_freq (max_dom) = irrigation frequency in days (int, e.g. 3)
bl_pbl_physics (max_dom) boundary-layer option
= 0, no boundary-layer
= 1, YSU scheme
= 2, Mellor-Yamada-Janjic TKE scheme
= 3, Hybrid EDMF GFS scheme
= 4, Eddy-diffusivity Mass Flux, Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination PBL
= 5, MYNN 2.5 level TKE scheme, works with
sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2 as well as 5
(option 6 removed in 4.5, replaced by bl_mynn_closure options)
bl_mynn_closure = 2.5: level 2.5
2.6: level 2.6
3.0: level 3.0
= 7, ACM2 (Pleim) PBL
= 8, Bougeault and Lacarrere (BouLac) PBL
= 9, UW boundary layer scheme from CAM5 (CESM 1_0_1)
= 10, TEMF (Total Energy Mass Flux) scheme
sf_sfclay_physics=10
= 11, Shin-Hong 'scale-aware' PBL scheme
= 12, Grenier-Bretherton-McCaa scheme
= 16, TKE+TKE dissipation rate (epsilon) scheme
works with surface layer options 1,91,2,5.
= 17, TKE+TKE dissipation rate+TPE (temparature variance) scheme
= 99, MRF scheme
bldt (max_dom) = 0, ! minutes between boundary-layer physics calls
grav_settling (max_dom) gravitational settling of fog/cloud droplets (Now works for any PBL scheme)
= 0, No settling of cloud droplets
= 1, Settling from Dyunkerke 1991 (in atmos and at surface)
= 2, Fogdes (vegetation & wind speed dependent; Katata et al. 2008) at surface
and Dyunkerke in the atmos.
ysu_topdown_pblmix = 0, ! whether to turn on top-down, radiation-driven mixing (1=yes)
mfshconv (max_dom) = 1, ! whether to turn on new day-time EDMF QNSE (0=no)
topo_wind (max_dom) = 0, ! turn off,
= 1, turn on topographic surface wind correction from Jimenez
(YSU PBL only, and require extra input from geogrid)
= 2, turn on topographic surface wind correction from Mass (YSU PBL only)
tke_budget (max_dom) = 0, ! default off; = 1 adds MYNN tke budget terms to output (new in 4.5)
(replacing bl_mynn_tkebudget in prior versions)
bl_mynn_tkeadvect (max_dom) = .false., ! default off; = .true. do MYNN tke advection
icloud_bl option to couple the subgrid-scale clouds from the PBL scheme (MYNN only)
to radiation schemes
0: no coupling; 1: activate coupling to radiation (default)
bl_mynn_cloudmix (max_dom) = 0 ! default off; =1 activates mixing of qc and qi in MYNN
0: no mixing of qc & qi; 1: mixing activated (default).
Note qnc and qni are mixed when scalar_pblmix =1.
bl_mynn_mixlength option to change mixing length formulation in MYNN
0: original as in Nakanishi and Niino 2009,
1: RAP/HRRR (including BouLac in free atmosphere),
2: experimental (default; includes cloud-specific mixing length and a scale-aware mixing
length, following Ito et al. 2015, BLM). Option 2 has been well tested with
the edmf options.
bl_mynn_cloudpdf option to switch to different cloud PDFs to represent subgrid clouds
0: original (Sommeria and Deardorf 1977);
1: Kuwano et al 2010, similar to option 0, but uses resolved scale gradients
as opposed to higher order moments ;
2: from Chaboureau and Bechtold (2002, JAS, with mods, default)
bl_mynn_edmf (max_dom) = 1 ! activate mass-flux option in MYNN, 0: mass-flux option off
Related (hidden) options:
bl_mynn_edmf_mom (max_dom) = 1 ! - activates momentum transport in MYNN mass-flux scheme
(assuming bl_mynn_edmf > 0); 0=off (default)
0 no momentum transport; 1: momentum transport activated (default)
bl_mynn_edmf_tke (max_dom) = 0, ! default; = 1 activates TKE transport in MYNN mass-flux scheme
(assuming bl_mynn_edmf > 0)
0 no TKE transport (default);1: activate TKE transport
bl_mynn_output (max_dom) = 0, ! do not output extra arrays
1 allocate and output extra 3D arrays from MYNN PBL
bl_mynn_mixscalars (max_dom) = 0 ! off, 1: activate mixing of scalars
bl_mynn_mixqt (max_dom) = 0 ! mixing moisture species separately, 1: mixing total water
scalar_pblmix (max_dom) = 1 ! mix scalar fields consistent with PBL option (exch_h)
tracer_pblmix (max_dom) = 1 ! mix tracer fields consistent with PBL option (exch_h)
shinhong_tke_diag (max_dom) = 0 ! diagnostic TKE and mixing length from Shin-Hong PBL
opt_thcnd option to treat thermal conductivity in Noah LSM
= 1, original (default)
= 2, McCumber and Pielke for silt loam and sandy loam
sf_surface_mosaic option to mosaic landuse categories for Noah LSM
= 0 ! default; use dominant category only
= 1 ! use mosaic landuse categories
mosaic_cat = 3 ! number of mosaic landuse categories in a grid cell
mosaic_lu = 0, ! default ; set to = 1 to use mosaic landuse categories in RUC
mosaic_soil = 0, ! default ; set to = 1 to use mosaic soil categories in RUC
flag_sm_adj = 0, ! default ; set to = 1 to adjust soil moisture for RUC in real.exe
(e.g. in case RUC is initialized from GFS LSM data)
cu_physics (max_dom) cumulus option
= 0, no cumulus
= 1, Kain-Fritsch (new Eta) scheme
= 2, Betts-Miller-Janjic scheme
= 3, Grell-Freitas ensemble scheme
= 4, Scale-aware GFS Simplified Arakawa-Schubert (SAS) scheme
= 5, Grell 3D ensemble scheme
= 6, Modifed Tiedtke scheme
= 7, Zhang-McFarlane scheme from CAM5 (CESM 1_0_1)
= 10, Modified Kain-Fritsch scheme with trigger function based on PDFs
= 11, Multi-scale Kain-Fritsch scheme
= 14, KIM Simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme (KSAS) across gray-zone resolutions
= 16, A newer Tiedtke scheme
= 94, 2015 GFS Simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme (from HWRF, use with caution)
= 95, Previous GFS Simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme (from HWRF, use with caution)
= 96, Previous NEW GFS simplified Arakawa-Schubert scheme from YSU
= 93, Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme
= 99, previous Kain-Fritsch scheme
shcu_physics (max_dom) independent shallow cumulus option (not tied to deep convection)
= 0, no independent shallow cumulus
= 1, Grell 3D ensemble scheme (use with cu_physics=93 or 5) (PLACEHOLDER: SWITCH NOT YET IMPLEMENTED--use ishallow)
= 2, Park and Bretherton shallow cumulus from CAM5 (CESM 1_0_1)
= 3, GRIMS shallow cumulus from YSU group
= 4, NSAS shallow cululus scheme. Must be used with KIAPS SAS cumulus scheme (cu_physics = 14)
= 5, Deng cumulus scheme (including both shallow and deep convections) from PSU and WRF-Solar.
However the deep part isn't very active. Not recommended to use alone for deep convection
case. Could work well for grid sizes 3-9 km.
This scheme only works with MYJ PBL scheme, and should not be combined with icloud=3
This scheme can also work with MYNN PBL scheme, but one should turn off EDMF (bl_mynn_edmf=0)
ishallow = 0, ! = 1 turns on shallow convection, used with Grell 3D ensemble schemes (cu_physics = 3 or 5)
clos_choice = 0, ! closure choice (place holder only)
cu_diag (max_dom) = 0, ! additional t-averaged stuff for cu physics (cu_phys = 3, 5, 10, and 93 only)
kf_edrates (max_dom) = 0, ! Add entrainment/detrainment rates and convective timescale output variables for KF-based
cumulus schemes (cu_phys = 1, 11 and 99 only)
= 0, ! no output; = 1, additional output
convtrans_avglen_m = 30, ! averaging time for variables used by convective transport (call cu_phys options) and radiation routines (only cu_phys=3,5 and 93) (minutes)
cu_rad_feedback (max_dom) = .false. ! sub-grid cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation
currently it works only for GF, G3, GD and KF scheme
One also needs to set cu_diag = 1 for GF, G3, KF-CuP, and GD schemes
bmj_rad_feedback (max_dom) = .false. ! BMJ convective precipitation-derived sub-grid cloud effect to radiation
cudt (max_dom) = 0, ! minutes between cumulus physics calls
kfeta_trigger KF trigger option (cu_physics=1 only):
= 1, default option
= 2, moisture-advection based trigger (Ma and Tan [2009])
= 3, RH-dependent additional perturbation to option 1 (JMA)
cugd_avedx ; number of grid boxes over which subsidence is spread.
= 1, default, for large grid distances
= 3, for small grid distances (DX < 5 km)
nsas_dx_factor = 0, ! default option
= 1, NSAS grid-distance dependent option
ntiedtke_dx_opt = 0, default option
= 1, new Tiedtke grid-distance dependent option (scale-aware)
when grid size falls below 15 km
For KF-CuP scheme: recommended to use with cu_rad_feedback
shallowcu_forced_ra(max_dom) radiative impact of shallow Cu by a prescribed maximum cloud fraction
= .false., option off, default
= .true., radiative impact of shallow cu with a cloud fraction value of 0.36
numbins(max_dom) number of perturbations for potential temperature and mixing ratio in the CuP PDF,
should be an odd number (21 is a recommended value)
thBinSize(max_dom) bin size of potential temperature perturbation increment (0.01 K)
rBinSize(max_dom) bin size of mixing ratio perturbation increment (1.0e-4 kg/kg)
minDeepFreq(max_dom) minimum frequency required before deep convection is allowed (0.333)
minShallowFreq(max_dom) minimum frequency required before shallow convection is allowed (1.0e-2)
shcu_aerosols_opt(max_dom) whether aerosols in shcu: 0=none, 2=prognostic (run with WRF-Chem),
For MSKF scheme:
aercu_opt option to control aerosol interaction in MSKF and Morrison microphysics (mp_physics=40)
= 0: no aerosol interaction
= 1: aerosol interaction with MSKF only
= 2: aerosol interaction with both MSKF and Morrison
! aercu_opt = 1 and 2 both require the "CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat" static runtime data
file. This can be downloaded from:
https://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/src/wrf_files/CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.tar.gz
Once unpacked link/copy either of the two files to CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat in
your run directory prior to running wrf.exe
aercu_fct factor to multiply with aerosol amount
= 1. ! default value
no_src_types_cu = 1 ! number of aerosol species in global aerosol data: 10 for CESM input,
set automatically
alevsiz_cu = 1 ! number of levels in global aerosol data: 30 for CESM input,
set automatically
isfflx = 1, ! heat and moisture fluxes from the surface
(only works for sf_sfclay_physics = 1,5,7,11)
1 = with fluxes from the surface
0 = no flux from the surface
with bl_pbl_physics=0 this uses tke_drag_coefficient
and tke_heat_flux in vertical diffusion
2 = use drag from sf_sfclay_physics and heat flux from
tke_heat_flux with bl_pbl_physics=0
ideal_xland = 1, ! sets XLAND (1=land,2=water) for ideal cases with no input land-use
run-time switch for wrf.exe physics_init (default 1 as before)
ifsnow = 1, ! snow-cover effects
(only works for sf_surface_physics = 1)
1 = with snow-cover effect
0 = without snow-cover effect
icloud = 1, ! cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation
(only works for ra_sw_physics = 1,4 and ra_lw_physics = 1,4)
Since 3.6, this also controls the cloud fraction options
1 = with cloud effect, and use cloud fraction option 1
(Xu-Randall method)
0 = without cloud effect
2 = with cloud effect, and use cloud fraction option 2 (0/1 based
on threshold
3 = with cloud effect, and use cloud fraction option 3, based on
Sundqvist et al. (1989) (since 3.7)
insert_init_cloud = .false., ! Default
= .true., ! For use with cold start (zero cloud fields), this option will
use the icloud=3 scheme to produce initial cloud water and cloud
ice fields as well as ensure initial water vapor field matches
saturation, which retains clouds beyond the first few timesteps.
swrad_scat = 1. ! scattering tuning parameter (default 1. is 1.e-5 m2/kg)
(works for ra_sw_physics = 1 option only)
surface_input_source = 3, ! where landuse and soil category data come from:
1 = WPS/geogrid but with dominant categories recomputed
2 = GRIB data from another model (only possible
(VEGCAT/SOILCAT are in met_em files from WPS)
3 = use dominant land and soil categories from WPS/geogrid (default since 3.8)
num_soil_layers = 5, ! number of soil layers in land surface model
= 5: thermal diffusion scheme
= 4: Noah landsurface model
= 6 or 9: RUC landsurface model
= 10: CLM4 landsurface model
= 2: Pleim-Xu landsurface model
= 3: SSiB landsurface model
num_land_cat = 21, ! number of land categories in input data.
24 - for USGS (default); 20 for MODIS
28 - for USGS if including lake category
21 - for MODIS if including lake category (default since 3.8)
40 - for NCLD
use_wudapt_lcz = 0, ! Option to use WUDAPT LCZ urban landuse categories, along with standard
urban classes (31-33).
= 0: use the traditional 33 landuse classes (31-33 for urban)
= 1: use the WUDAPT LCZ urban landuse categories
* Note: If the number of urban category in the input files is
inconsistent with the namelist option, error messages will occur.
The method to create the LCZ data is described here: https://www.wudapt.org/
num_soil_cat = 16, ! number of soil categories in input data
pxlsm_smois_init(max_dom) = 1 ! PXLSM Soil moisture initialization option
0 - From analysis, 1 - From moisture availability
or SLMO in LANDUSE.TBL
pxlsm_modis_veg = 1, ! PX LSM LAI and VEGFRA
0 - Old PX method that uses PX landuse look-up table
1 - Use VEGFRA and LAI in wrflowinp_d0* file
Note: Values used are called VEGF_PX and LAI_PX in output.
maxiens = 1, ! Grell-Devenyi only
maxens = 3, ! G-D only
maxens2 = 3, ! G-D only
maxens3 = 16 ! G-D only
ensdim = 144 ! G-D only
These are recommended numbers. If you would like to use
any other number, consult the code, know what you are doing.
seaice_threshold = 100. ! tsk < seaice_threshold, if water point and 5-layer slab
scheme, set to land point and permanent ice; if water point
and Noah scheme, set to land point, permanent ice, set temps
from 2 m to surface, and set smois and sh2o. The default value has changed
from 271 to 100 K in v3.5.1 to avoid mixed-up use with fractional seaice input
Used by land model option 1,2,3,4 and 8
sst_update = 0 ! time-varying sea-surface temp (0=no, 1=yes). If selected real
puts SST, XICE, ALBEDO and VEGFRA in wrflowinp_d01 file, and wrf updates
these from it at same interval as boundary file. Also requires
namelists in &time_control: auxinput4_interval, auxinput4_end_h,
auxinput4_inname = "wrflowinp_d<domain>", and io_form_auxinput4
usemonalb = .false. ! use monthly albedo map instead of table value
(recommended for sst_update=1)
rdmaxalb = .true. ! use snow albedo from geogrid; false means using values from table
rdlai2d = .false. ! use LAI from input; false means using values from table
if sst_update=1, LAI will also be in wrflowinp file
dust_emis = 0 ! Enable (0=no, 1=yes) surface dust emission scheme to enter mp_physics=28 QNIFA (ice-friendly aerosol variable)
erosion_dim = 3 ! In conjunction with dust_emis=1, this value can only be set equal to 3 (erodibility information)
bucket_mm = -1. ! bucket reset value for water accumulations (value in mm, -1.=inactive)
bucket_J = -1. ! bucket reset value for energy accumulations (value in J, -1.=inactive)
tmn_update = 0 ! update deep soil temperature (1, yes; 0, no)
lagday = 150 ! days over which tmn is computed using skin temperature
sst_skin = 0 ! calculate skin SST
slope_rad (max_dom) = 0 ! slope effects for solar radiation (1=on, 0=off)
topo_shading (max_dom) = 0 ! neighboring-point shadow effects for solar radiation (1=on, 0=off)
shadlen = 25000. ! max shadow length in meters for topo_shading=1
sf_ocean_physics = 0 ! activate ocean model (0=no, 1=1d mixed layer; 2=3D PWP, no bathymetry)
oml_hml0 = 50 ! oml model can be initialized with a constant depth everywhere (m)
< 0, oml is initialized with real-time ocean mixed depth
= 0, oml is initialized with climatological ocean mixed depth
oml_gamma = 0.14 ! oml deep water lapse rate (K m-1)
oml_relaxation_time = 0. ! Relaxation time (in second) of mixed layer ocean model back to original values
(an example value is 259200 sec. (3 days))
omdt = 1. ! 3D PWP time step (min). It can be set to be the same as WRF time step
in corresponding nested grids, but omdt should be no less than 1.0 minute.
ocean_levels = 30 ! number of vertical levels in 3DPWP. Note that the depth of each ocean
model layers is specified in OM_DEPTH in wrfinput_d01
traj_opt = 0 ! Forward trajectory calculation (Lee and Chen 2013)
num_traj = 1000 ! number of trajectories to be released
isftcflx = 0 ! alternative Ck, Cd formulation for tropical storm application
sf_sfclay=1 and 11
0=default
1=Donelan Cd + const z0q
2=Donelan Cd + Garratt
sf_sfclay=5
(default) =0: z0, zt, and zq from COARE3.0 (Fairall et al 2003)
=1: z0 from Davis et al (2008), zt & zq from COARE3.0
=2: z0 from Davis et al (2008), zt & zq from Garratt (1992)
fractional_seaice = 0 ! treat sea-ice as fractional field (1) or ice/no-ice flag (0)
works for sf_sfclay_physics=1,2,3,4,5,7,and 91
If fractional_seaice = 1, also set seaice_threshold = 0.
seaice_albedo_opt = 0 ! option to set albedo over sea ice
! 0 = seaice albedo is a constant value from namelist option seaice_albedo_default
! 1 = seaice albedo is f(Tair,Tskin,Snow) following Mills (2011) for Arctic Ocean
! 2 = seaice albedo read in from input variable ALBSI
seaice_albedo_default = 0.65 ! default value of seaice albedo for seaice_albedo_opt=0
seaice_snowdepth_opt = 0 ! method for treating snow depth on sea ice
! 0 = snow depth on sea ice is bounded by seaice_snowdepth_min and seaice_snowdepth_max
! 1 = snow depth on sea ice read in from input array SNOWSI (bounded by
; seaice_snowdepth_min and seaice_snodepth_max)
seaice_snowdepth_max = 1.E10 ! maximum allowed accumulation of snow (m) on sea ice
seaice_snowdepth_min = 0.001 ! minimum snow depth (m) on sea ice
seaice_thickness_opt = 0 ! option for treating seaice thickness
! 0 = seaice thickness is uniform value taken from namelist variable seaice_thickness_default
! 1 = seaice_thickness is read in from input variable ICEDEPTH
seaice_thickness_default = 3.0 ! default value of seaice thickness for seaice_thickness_opt=0
tice2tsk_if2cold = .false. ! set Tice to Tsk to avoid unrealistically low sea ice temperatures
iz0tlnd = 0 ! thermal roughness length for sfclay (0 = old, 1 = veg dependent Chen-Zhang Czil,
2 = Zilitinkevitch (czil=0.1))
for mynn sfc (0=Zilitinkevitch (def),1=Chen-Zhang,2=mod Yang,3=const zt)
mp_tend_lim = 10., ! limit on temp tendency from mp latent heating from radar data assimilation
prec_acc_dt (max_dom) = 0., ! number of minutes in precipitation bucket - will add three
new 2d output fields: prec_acc_c, prec_acc_nc and snow_acc_nc
topo_wind (max_dom) = 0, ! 1 = improve effect of topography for surface winds.
ua_phys = .false. ! Option to activate UA Noah changes: a different snow-cover physics in
Noah, aimed particularly toward improving treatment of snow as it relates
to the vegetation canopy. Also uses new columns added in VEGPARM.TBL
do_radar_ref = 0, ! 1 = allows radar reflectivity to be computed using mp-scheme-specific
parameters. Currently works for mp_physics = 2,4,6,7,8,10,14,16,24,26,28
Note that reflectivity is always computed for mp_physics = 9,18, and is
also set =1 when nwp_diagnostics=1
hailcast_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! 1 = 1-D hail growth model which predicts 1st-5th rank-ordered hail diameters, mean hail
diameter and standard deviation of hail diameter. (Adams-Selin and Ziegler, MWR Dec 2016.)
haildt (max_dom) = 0., ! seconds between WRF-HAILCAST calls (s)
Namelist variables for lake module:
sf_lake_physics(max_dom) = 1, ! lake model on/off
lakedepth_default(max_dom) = 50, ! default lake depth (If there is no lake_depth information in the input data, then lake depth
is assumed to be 50m)
lake_min_elev(max_dom) = 5, ! minimum elevation of lakes. May be used to determine whether a water point is a lake in the absence of lake
category. If the landuse type includes 'lake' (i.e. Modis_lake and USGS_LAKE), this variable is of no effects.
use_lakedepth (max_dom) = 1, ! option to use lake depth data. Lake depth data is available from 3.6 geogrid program. If one didn't process
the lake depth data, but this switch is set to 1, the program will stop and tell one to go back to geogrid
program.
= 0, do not use lake depth data.
shalwater_z0 = 0, ! Shallow water roughness scheme on (1) or off (0). Only compatible with sf_sfclay_physics = 1.
Bathymetry dataset from GEBCO Compilation Group. Please acknowledge the following in presentations and
publications: GEBCO Compilation Group (2021) GEBCO 2021 Grid (doi:10.5285/c6612cbe-50b3-0cff-e053-6c86abc09f8f)
shalwater_depth = 0.0, ! Set constant depth [m] (must be positive) for shallow water roughness scheme if no bathymetry data availabile.
The scheme is intended for depths between 10.0 and 100.0 m. Any depths outside of this range will be
rounded to the nearest limit value.
lightning_option (max_dom) Lightning parameterization option to allow flash rate prediction without chemistry
= 0 ! off
= 1 ! PR92 based on maximum w, redistributes flashes within dBZ > 20 (for convection resolved runs; must also use
do_radar_ref = 1, and mp_physics = 2,4,6,7,8,10,14, or 16)
= 2 ! PR92 based on 20 dBZ top, redistributes flashes within dBZ > 20 (for convection resolved runs; must also use
do_radar_ref = 1, and mp_physics = 2,4,6,7,8,10,14, or 16)
= 3 ! Predicting the potential for lightning activity (based on Yair et al, 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D04205, doi:10.1029/2008JD010868)
= 11 ! PR92 based on level of neutral buoyancy from convective parameterization (for scales
where a CPS is used, intended for use at 10 < dx < 50 km; must also use cu_physics = 5 or 93)
lightning_dt (max_dom) = 0. ! time interval (seconds) for calling lightning parameterization. Default uses model time step
lightning_start_seconds (max_dom) = 0. ! Start time for calling lightning parameterization. Recommends at least 10 minutes for spin-up.
flashrate_factor (max_dom) = 1.0 ! Factor to adjust the predicted number of flashes. Recommends 1.0 for lightning_option = 11
between dx=10 and 50 km. Manual tuning recommended for all other options independently
for each nest.
cellcount_method (max_dom) Method for counting storm cells. Used by CRM options (lightning_options=1,2).
= 0, ! model determines method used
= 1, ! tile-wide, appropriate for large domains
= 2, ! domain-wide, appropriate for sing-storm domains
cldtop_adjustment (max_dom) = 0. ! Adjustment from LNB in km. Used by lightning_option=11. Default is 0, but recommends 2 km
iccg_method (max_dom) IC:CG partitioning method (IC: intra-cloud; CG: cloud-to-ground)
= 0 ! Default method depending on lightning option, currently all options use iccg_method=2 by default
= 1 ! Constant everywhere, set with namelist options iccg_prescribed (num|den)#, default is 0./1. (all CG).
= 2 ! Coarsely prescribed 1995-1999 NLDN/OTD climatology based on Boccippio et al. (2001)
= 3 ! Parameterization by Price and Rind (1993) based on cold-cloud depth
= 4 ! Gridded input via arrays iccg_in_(num|den) from wrfinput for monthly mapped ratios.
Points with 0/0 values use ratio defined by iccg_prescribed_(num|den)
iccg_prescribed_num (max_dom) = 0. ! Numerator of user-specified prescribed IC:CG
iccg_prescribed_den (max_dom) = 1. ! Denominator of user-specified prescribed IC:CG
ltng_temp_upper = -45. ! Temperature (C) of upper peak of LNOx vertical distribution for IC lightning (used by &chem lnox_opt=2).
ltng_temp_lower = -15. ! Temperatures (C) of lower peak of LNOx vertical distribution for both IC and CG lightning (used by &chem lnox_opt=2).
Options for MAD-WRF - see doc/README.madwrf for usage information
madwrf_opt = 0 ! MAD-WRF model: 0) Off, 1) Advect/diffuse passive hydrometeors (qcloud, qice, qsnow), 2) Nudge active microphysics hydrometeors to passive ones
madwrf_dt_relax = 60.0 ! Relaxation time for hydrometeor nudging [s]
madwrf_dt_nudge = 60.0 ! Temporal period for hydrometeor nudging [min]
madwrf_cldinit = 0 ! Enhance cloud initialization: 0: Off, 1: On
Options for wind turbine drag parameterization:
windfarm_opt (max_dom) = 0 ! 1 = Simulates the effects of wind turbines in the atmospheric evolution, A\activates the wind farm parameterization by Fitch et al (2012)
! 2 = Activate the new wind farm scheme (mav scheme) based on Ma et al. (2022).
This is similar to option 1, but it also considers subgrid-scale wind turbine wake effects
windfarm_ij = 0 ! whether to use lat-lon or i-j coordinate as wind turbine locations
! 0 = The coordinate of the turbines are defined in terms of lat-lon
! 1 = The coordinate of the turbines are defined in terms of grid points
! 2 = Valid only with windfarm_opt=2. The coordinate of the turbines are defined
in terms of lat-lon with the filename of 'windturbines-ll.txt'
windfarm_wake_model = 2 ! Subgrid-scale wind turbine wake model, valid only with windfarm_opt=2, default is 2
! 1 = The Jensen model
! 2 = The XA model
! 3 = The GM model (windfarm_method is not used)
! 4 = Jensen and XA ensemble
! 5 = Jensen, XA and GM ensemble
windfarm_overlap_method = 4 ! Wake superposition method for the Jensen and XA wind turbine wake model, valid only with windfarm_opt=2, default is 4
! 1 = linear superposition
! 2 = squared superposition
! 3 = modified squared superposition
! 4 = superposition of the hub-height wind speed (Ma et al. 2022)
windfarm_deg = 0. ! The rotation degree of the wind farm layout. This is valid only when 'windfarm_opt=2' and 'windfarm_ij=1'
windfarm_tke_factor = 0.25 ! Correction factor applied to the TKE coefficient (deafault is 0.25, Archer et al. 2020)
Stochastic parameterization schemes:
&stoch
; Random perturbation field (rand_perturb=1)
rand_perturb (max_dom) = 1 ! Generate array with random perturbations for user-determined use, 1: on
gridpt_stddev_rand_pert (max_dom) = 0.03 ! Standard deviation of random perturbation field at each gridpoint.
Determines amplitude of random perturbations
lengthscale_rand_pert (max_dom) = 500000.0 ! Perturbation lengthscale (in m).
timescale_rand_pert (max_dom) = 21600.0 ! Temporal decorrelation of random field (in s).
stddev_cutoff_rand_pert (max_dom) = 3.0 ! Cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation.
rand_pert_vertstruc = 0 ! Vertical structure for random perturbation field: 0=constant; 1=random phase with tilt
iseed_rand_pert Seed for random number stream for rand_perturb. Will be
combined with seed nens signifying ensemble member number and initial
start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts
starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members.
; Stochastically perturbed physics tendencies (SPPT) (sppt=1)
sppt (max_dom) = 0 ! Stochastically perturbed physics tendencies (SPPT), 0: off, 1: on
gridpt_stddev_sppt (max_dom) = 0.5 ! Standard deviation of random perturbation field at each gridpoint.
Determines amplitude of random perturbations
lengthscale_sppt (max_dom) = 150000.0 ! Perturbation lengthscale (in m).
timescale_sppt (max_dom) = 21600.0 ! Temporal decorrelation of random field (in s).
sppt_vertstruc = 0. ! vertical structure for sppt, 0: constant, 1: random phase.
stddev_cutoff_sppt (max_dom) = 2.0 ! Cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation.
iseed_sppt Seed for random number stream for sppt. Will be
combined with seed nens signifying ensemble member number and initial
start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts
starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members.
; Stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS)(skebs=1):
skebs (max_dom) = 0 ! stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme, 0: off, 1: on
tot_backscat_psi (max_dom) = 1.0E-05 ! Controls amplitude of rotational wind perturbations
tot_backscat_t (max_dom) = 1.0E-06 ! Controls amplitude of potential temperature perturbations
ztau_psi = 10800.0 ! decorr. time of noise for psi perturb
ztau_t = 10800.0 ! decorr. time of noise for theta perturb
rexponent_psi = -1.83 ! spectral slope of forcing for psi
rexponent_t = -1.83 ! spectral slope of forcing for theta
zsigma2_eps = 0.0833 ! variance of noise for psi perturb
zsigma2_eta = 0.0833 ! variance of noise for theta perturb
kminforc = 1 ! min. forcing wavenumber in lon. for psi perturb
lminforc = 1 ! min. forcing wavenumber in lat. for psi perturb
kminforct = 1 ! min. forcing wavenumber in lon. for theta perturb
lminforct = 1 ! min. forcing wavenumber in lat. for theta perturb
kmaxforc = 1000000 ! max. forcing wavenumber in lon. for psi perturb
lmaxforc = 1000000 ! max. forcing wavenumber in lat. for psi perturb
kmaxforct = 1000000 ! max. forcing wavenumber in lon. for theta perturb
lmaxforct = 1000000 ! max. forcing wavenumber in lat. for theta perturb
skebs_vertstruc = 0 ! Vertical structure for random perturbation field: 0=constant; 1=random phase with tilt
Stochastically perturbed parameter scheme (SPP) (spp=1)
sppt (max_dom) = 0 ! Stochastically perturbed parameter (SPP) scheme for
; GF convection scheme, MYNN boundary layer scheme and RUC LSM. 0: off, 1: on
spp_conv (max_dom) = 0 ! Perturb parameters of GF convection scheme only
gridpt_stddev_spp_conv (max_dom) = 0.3 ! Standard deviation of random perturbation field at each gridpoint.
Determines amplitude of random perturbations
lengthscale_spp_conv (max_dom) = 150000.0 ! Perturbation lengthscale (in m).
timescale_spp_conv (max_dom) = 21600.0 ! Temporal decorrelation of random field (in s).
stddev_cutoff_spp_conv (max_dom) = 3.0 ! Cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation.
iseed_spp_conv Seed for random number stream for spp_conv. Will be
combined with seed nens signifying ensemble member number and initial
start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts
starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members.
spp_pbl (max_dom) = 0 ! Perturb parameters of MYNN PBL scheme only
gridpt_stddev_spp_pbl (max_dom) = 0.15 ! Standard deviation of random perturbation field at each gridpoint.
Determines amplitude of random perturbations
lengthscale_spp_pbl (max_dom) = 70000.0 ! Perturbation lengthscale (in m).
timescale_spp_pbl (max_dom) = 21600.0 ! Temporal decorrelation of random field (in s).
stddev_cutoff_spp_pbl (max_dom) = 2.0 ! Cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation.
iseed_spp_pbl Seed for random number stream for spp_pbl . Will be
combined with seed nens signifying ensemble member number and initial
start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts
starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members.
spp_lsm (max_dom) = 0 ! Perturb parameters of RUC LSM
gridpt_stddev_spp_lsm (max_dom) = 0.3 ! Standard deviation of random perturbation field at each gridpoint.
; Determines amplitude of random perturbations
lengthscale_spp_lsm (max_dom) = 50000.0 ! Perturbation lengthscale (in m).
timescale_spp_lsm (max_dom) = 86400.0 ! Temporal decorrelation of random field (in s).
stddev_cutoff_spp_lsm (max_dom) = 3.0 ! Cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation.
iseed_spp_lsm Seed for random number stream for spp_lsm . Will be
combined with seed nens signifying ensemble member number and initial
start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts
starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members.
Multiple perturbations for WRF-Solar EPS (multi_perturb = 1)
multi_perturb = 0 ! 1) WRF-Solar EPS: turns on stochastic perturbations tailored for solar energy applications
spdt = -1.0 ! Frequency to update the stochastic perturbations [minutes]. A negative value indicates for every time step
pert_farms = .false. ! Activates perturbations to the FARMS parameterization
pert_farms_albedo = 0.0 ! 1.0) Perturbs the albedo, 0.0) no perturbations. Similar for other entries below
pert_farms_aod = 0.0
pert_farms_angexp = 0.0
pert_farms_aerasy = 0.0
pert_farms_qv = 0.0
pert_farms_qc = 0.0
pert_farms_qs = 0.0
pert_deng = .false. ! Activates perturbations to Deng's shcu parameterization
pert_deng_qv = 0.0
pert_deng_qc = 0.0
pert_deng_t = 0.0
pert_deng_w = 0.0
pert_mynn = .false. ! Activates perturbations to the MYNN PBL parameterization
pert_mynn_qv = 0.0
pert_mynn_qc = 0.0
pert_mynn_t = 0.0
pert_mynn_qke = 0.0
pert_noah = .false. ! Activates perturbations to the Noah LSM
pert_noah_qv = 0.0
pert_noah_t = 0.0
pert_noah_smois = 0.0
pert_noah_tslb = 0.0
pert_thom = .false. ! Activates perturbations to thompson microphysics
pert_thom_qv = 0.0
pert_thom_qc = 0.0
pert_thom_qi = 0.0
pert_thom_qs = 0.0
pert_thom_ni = 0.0
pert_cld3 = .false. ! Activates perturbations to clouds generated with icloud = 3
pert_cld3_qv = 0.0
pert_cld3_t = 0.0
num_pert_3d = 15 ! Number of entries in STOCHPERT.TBL plus one (No need to modify)
; Stochastic Perturbations to the boundary conditions?| (perturb_bdy)
perturb_bdy = 0 ! No boundary perturbations
1 Use SKEBS pattern for boundary perturbations
2 Use other user-provided pattern for boundary perturbations
; Stochastic perturbations to the boundary tendencies in WRF-CHEM (perturb_chem_bdy)
perturb_chem_bdy Options for perturbing lateral boundaries of chemical tracers:
0 = off; 1 = on with RAND_PERTURB pattern
; Common to all stochastic schemes
nens =1 ! Seed for random number stream. For ensemble forecasts this parameter needs to be
different for each member. The seed is a function of initial start time
to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from
different initial times. Changing this seed changes the random number
streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes.
Options for use with the Noah-MP Land Surface Model (sf_surface_physics=4):
&noah_mp
dveg = 4, ! Noah-MP Dynamic Vegetation option:
1 = Off (LAI from table; FVEG = shdfac)
2 = On (LAI predicted; FVEG calculated)
3 = Off (LAI from table; FVEG calculated)
4 = Off (LAI from table; FVEG = maximum veg. fraction)
5 = On (LAI predicted; FVEG = maximum veg. fraction)
6 = On (use FVEG = SHDFAC from input)
7 = Off (use input LAI; use FVEG = SHDFAC from input)
8 = Off (use input LAI; calculate FVEG)
9 = Off (use input LAI; use maximum vegetation fraction)
opt_crs = 1, ! Noah-MP Stomatal Resistance option:
1 = Ball-Berry
2 = Jarvis
opt_sfc = 1 ! Noah-MP surface layer drag coefficient calculation
1 = Monin-Obukhov
2 = original Noah (Chen97)
opt_btr = 1, ! Noah-MP Soil Moisture Factor for Stomatal Resistance
1 = Noah
2 = CLM
3 = SSiB
opt_run = 3, ! Noah-MP Runoff and Groundwater option
1 = TOPMODEL with groundwater
2 = TOPMODEL with equilibrium water table
3 = original surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage) - default
4 = BATS surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage)
5 = Miguez-Macho & Fan groundwater scheme (Miguez-Macho et al. 2007 JGR; Fan et al. 2007 JGR)
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
6 = Variable Infiltration Capacity Model surface runoff scheme (Wood et al., 1992, JGR)
7 = Xiananjiang Infiltration and surface runoff scheme ((Jayawardena and Zhou, 2000)
8 = Dynamic VIC surface runoff scheme (Liang and Xie, 2001)
opt_infdv = 0, ! Noah-MP infiltration option in dynamic VIC runoff scheme (only works for opt_run=8)
1 = Philip scheme
2 = Green-Ampt scheme
3 = Smith-Parlange scheme
opt_frz = 1, ! Noah-MP Supercooled Liquid Water option
1 = No iteration
2 = Koren's iteration
opt_inf = 1, ! Noah-MP Soil Permeability option
1 = Linear effects, more permeable
2 = Non-linear effects, less permeable
opt_rad = 3, ! Noah-MP Radiative Transfer option
1 = Modified two-stream (known to cause problems when vegetation fraction is small)
2 = Two-stream applied to grid-cell
3 = Two-stream applied to vegetated fraction
opt_alb = 2, ! Noah-MP Ground Surface Albedo option
1 = BATS
2 = CLASS
opt_snf = 1, ! Noah-MP Precipitation Partitioning between snow and rain
1 = Jordan (1991)
2 = BATS: Snow when SFCTMP < TFRZ+2.2
3 = Snow when SFCTMP < TFRZ
4 = Use WRF precipitation partitioning
5 = Use wetbulb temperature (Wang et al., 2019 GRL)
opt_tbot = 2, ! Noah-MP Soil Temperature Lower Boundary Condition
1 = Zero heat flux
2 = TBOT at 8 m from input file
opt_stc = 1, ! Noah-MP Snow/Soil temperature time scheme
1 = semi-implicit
2 = full-implicit
3 = semi-implicit where Ts uses snow cover fraction
opt_gla = 1, ! Noah-MP glacier treatment option
1 = includes phase change
2 = slab ice (Noah)
opt_rsf = 1, ! Noah-MP surface evaporation resistance option
1 = Sakaguchi and Zeng, 2009
2 = Sellers (1992)
3 = adjusted Sellers to decrease RSURF for wet soil
4 = option 1 for non-snow; rsurf = rsurf_snow for snow (set in MPTABLE)
opt_soil = 1, ! Noah-MP options for defining soil properties
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
1 = use input dominant soil texture
2 = use input soil texture that varies with depth
3 = use soil composition (sand, clay, orgm) and pedotransfer functions (OPT_PEDO)
4 = use input soil properties (BEXP_3D, SMCMAX_3D, etc.) (not valid in WRF)
opt_pedo = 1, ! Noah-MP options for pedotransfer functions (used when OPT_SOIL = 3)
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
1 = Saxton and Rawls (2006)
opt_crop = 0, ! options for crop model
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
0 = No crop model, will run default dynamic vegetation
1 = Liu, et al. 2016
2 = Gecros (Genotype-by-Environment interaction on CROp growth Simulator) Yin and van Laar, 2005
opt_irr = 0, ! options for irrigation scheme
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
0 = No irrigation
1 = Irrigation ON
2 = irrigation trigger based on crop season Planting and harvesting dates
3 = irrigation trigger based on LAI threshold
opt_irrm = 0, ! options for irrigation method (only if opt_irr > 0)
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
0 = method based on geo_em fractions (all three methods are ON)
1 = sprinkler method
2 = micro/drip irrigation
3 = surface flooding
opt_tdrn = 0, ! Noah-MP tile drainage option (currently only tested and works with opt_run=3)
geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp, use with caution
0 = No tile drainage
1 = Simple drainage
2 = Hooghoudt's equation based tile drainage
soiltstep = 0.0, ! Noah-MP soil process timestep (seconds) for solving soil water and temperature
0 = default, the same as main NoahMP model timestep
N * dt_noahmp, typically 15min or 30min
noahmp_output = 1, ! Noah-MP output levels
1 = standard output
3 = standard output with additional water and energy budget term output
noahmp_acc_dt = 0.0, ! Noah-MP bucket reset time interval (minutes) between outputs for accumulation (works when noahmp_output=3)
/
&fdda
grid_fdda (max_dom) = 1 ! grid-nudging fdda on (=0 off) for each domain
= 2 ! spectral nudging
gfdda_inname = "wrffdda_d<domain>" ! defined name in real
gfdda_interval_m (max_dom) = 360 ! time interval (in min) between analysis times (must use minutes)
gfdda_end_h (max_dom) = 6 ! time (in hours) to stop nudging after start of forecast
io_form_gfdda = 2 ! analysis data io format (2 = netCDF)
fgdt (max_dom) = 0 ! calculation frequency (minutes) for grid-nudging (0=every step)
if_no_pbl_nudging_uv (max_dom) = 0 ! 1= no nudging of u and v in the pbl, 0=nudging in the pbl
if_no_pbl_nudging_t (max_dom) = 0 ! 1= no nudging of temp in the pbl, 0=nudging in the pbl
if_no_pbl_nudging_q (max_dom) = 0 ! 1= no nudging of qvapor in the pbl, 0=nudging in the pbl
if_zfac_uv (max_dom) = 0 ! 0= nudge u and v in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_uv
k_zfac_uv (max_dom) = 10 ! 10=model level below which nudging is switched off for u and v
if_zfac_t (max_dom) = 0 ! 0= nudge temp in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_t
k_zfac_t (max_dom) = 10 ! 10=model level below which nudging is switched off for temp
if_zfac_q (max_dom) = 0 ! 0= nudge qvapor in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_q
k_zfac_q (max_dom) = 10 ! 10=model level below which nudging is switched off for qvapor
guv (max_dom) = 0.0003 ! nudging coefficient for u and v (sec-1)
gt (max_dom) = 0.0003 ! nudging coefficient for temp (sec-1)
gq (max_dom) = 0.00001 ! nudging coefficient for qvapor (sec-1)
if_ramping = 0 ! 0= nudging ends as a step function, 1= ramping nudging down at end of period
dtramp_min = 0 ! time (min) for ramping function
grid_sfdda (max_dom) = 0 ! surface fdda switch
0: off;
1: nudging selected surface fields;
2: FASDAS (flux-adjusting surface data assimilation system)
sgfdda_inname = "wrfsfdda_d<domain>" ! defined name for sfc nudgingi in input file (from program obsgrid)
sgfdda_end_h (max_dom) = 6 ! time (in hours) to stop sfc nudging after start of forecast
sgfdda_interval_m (max_dom) = 180 ! time interval (in min) between sfc analysis times (must use minutes)
io_form_sgfdda = 2 ! sfc analysis data io format (2 = netCDF)
guv_sfc (max_dom) = 0.0003 ! nudging coefficient for sfc u and v (sec-1)
gt_sfc (max_dom) = 0.0003 ! nudging coefficient for sfc temp (sec-1)
gq_sfc (max_dom) = 0.00001 ! nudging coefficient for sfc qvapor (sec-1)
rinblw (max_dom) = 0. ! radius of influence used to determine the confidence (or weights) for
the analysis, which is based on the distance between the grid point to the nearest
obs. The analysis without nearby observation is used at a reduced weight.
pxlsm_soil_nudge(max_dom) = 1 ! PXLSM Soil nudging option (requires wrfsfdda file)
The following are for spectral nudging:
fgdtzero (max_dom) = 0, ! 1= nudging tendencies are set to zero in between fdda calls
if_no_pbl_nudging_uv (max_dom) = 0, ! 1= no nudging of uv in the pbl, 0= nudging in the pbl
if_no_pbl_nudging_t (max_dom) = 0, ! 1= no nudging of t in the pbl, 0= nudging in the pbl
if_no_pbl_nudging_ph (max_dom) = 0, ! 1= no nudging of ph in the pbl, 0= nudging in the pbl
if_no_pbl_nudging_q (max_dom) = 0, ! 1= no nudging of q in the pbl, 0= nudging in the pbl
if_zfac_uv (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= nudge uv in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_uv
k_zfac_uv (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= model level below which nudging is switched off for uv
dk_zfac_uv (max_dom) = 1, ! depth in k between k_zfac_X to dk_zfac_X where nudging increases
; linearly to full strength
if_zfac_t (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= nudge t in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_t
k_zfac_t (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= model level below which nudging is switched off for t
dk_zfac_t (max_dom) = 1, ! depth in k between k_zfac_X to dk_zfac_X where nudging increases
linearly to full strength
if_zfac_ph (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= nudge ph in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_ph
k_zfac_ph (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= model level below which nudging is switched off for ph
dk_zfac_ph (max_dom) = 1, ! depth in k between k_zfac_X to dk_zfac_X where nudging increases
linearly to full strength
if_zfac_q (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= nudge q in all layers, 1= limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_q
k_zfac_q (max_dom) = 0, ! 0= model level below which nudging is switched off for q
dk_zfac_q (max_dom) = 1, ! depth in k between k_zfac_X to dk_zfac_X where nudging increases
gph (max_dom) = 0.0003,
ktrop = 0, ! layer nominally representing tropopause for limiting nudging to q and t
; setting ktrop = 0 allows nudging to extend to the top of the atmosphere
xwavenum (max_dom) = 3, ! top wave number to nudge in x direction
ywavenum (max_dom) = 3, ! top wave number to nudge in y direction
The following are for observation nudging:
obs_nudge_opt (max_dom) = 1 ! obs-nudging fdda on (=0 off) for each domain
also need to set auxinput11_interval and auxinput11_end_h
in time_control namelist
max_obs = 0 ! max number of observations used on a domain during any
given time window
fdda_start (max_dom) = 0 ! obs nudging start time in minutes
fdda_end (max_dom) = 0 ! obs nudging end time in minutes
obs_nudge_wind (max_dom) = 1 ! whether to nudge wind: (=0 off)
obs_coef_wind (max_dom) = 0, ! nudging coefficient for wind, unit: s-1
obs_nudge_temp (max_dom) = 0, ! set to = 1 to turn to nudge temperature (default = 0; off)
obs_coef_temp (max_dom) = 0, ! nudging coefficient for temperature, unit: s-1
obs_nudge_mois (max_dom) = 1 ! whether to nudge water vapor mixing ratio: (=0 off)
obs_coef_mois (max_dom) = 0, ! nudging coefficient for water vapor mixing ratio, unit: s-1
obs_nudge_pstr (max_dom) = 0 ! whether to nudge surface pressure (not used)
obs_coef_pstr (max_dom) = 0. ! nudging coefficient for surface pressure, unit: s-1 (not used)
obs_rinxy (max_dom) = 0. ! horizonal radius of influence in km
obs_rinsig = 0 ! vertical radius of influence in eta
obs_twindo (max_dom) = 0.66667 ! half-period time window over which an observation
will be used for nudging (hours)
obs_npfi = 0, ! freq in coarse grid timesteps for diagnostic prints
obs_ionf (max_dom) = 2 ! freq in coarse grid timesteps for obs input and err calc
obs_idynin = 0 ! for dynamic initialization using a ramp-down function to gradually
turn off the FDDA before the pure forecast (=1 on)
obs_dtramp = 0 ! time period in minutes over which the nudging is ramped down
from one to zero.
obs_prt_freq (max_dom) = 10, ! Frequency in obs index for diagnostic printout
obs_prt_max = 1000, ! Maximum allowed obs entries in diagnostic printout
obs_ipf_in4dob = .true. ! print obs input diagnostics (=.false. off)
obs_ipf_errob = .true. ! print obs error diagnostics (=.false. off)
obs_ipf_nudob = .true. ! print obs nudge diagnostics (=.false. off)
obs_ipf_init = .true. ! Enable obs init warning messages
obs_no_pbl_nudge_uv (max_dom) = 0 ! 1=no wind-nudging within pbl
obs_no_pbl_nudge_t (max_dom) = 0 ! 1=no temperature-nudging within pbl
obs_no_pbl_nudge_q (max_dom) = 0 ! 1=no moisture-nudging within pbl
obs_sfc_scheme_horiz = 0 ! horizontal spreading scheme for surf obs;
; 0=wrf scheme, 1=original mm5 scheme
obs_sfc_scheme_vert = 0 ! vertical spreading scheme for surf obs
0=regime vif scheme, 1=original simple scheme
obs_max_sndng_gap = 20 ! Max pressure gap between soundings, in cb
obs_nudgezfullr1_uv = 50 ! Vert infl full weight height for lowest model level (LML) obs, regime 1, winds
obs_nudgezrampr1_uv = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 1, winds
obs_nudgezfullr2_uv = 50 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 2, winds
obs_nudgezrampr2_uv = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 2, winds
obs_nudgezfullr4_uv = -5000 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 4, winds
obs_nudgezrampr4_uv = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 4, winds
obs_nudgezfullr1_t = 50 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 1, temperature
obs_nudgezrampr1_t = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 1, temperature
obs_nudgezfullr2_t = 50 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 2, temperature
obs_nudgezrampr2_t = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 2, temperature
obs_nudgezfullr4_t = -5000 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 4, temperature
obs_nudgezrampr4_t = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 4, temperature
obs_nudgezfullr1_q = 50 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 1, moisture
obs_nudgezrampr1_q = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 1, moisture
obs_nudgezfullr2_q = 50 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 2, moisture
obs_nudgezrampr2_q = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 2, moisture
obs_nudgezfullr4_q = -5000 ! Vert infl full weight height for LML obs, regime 4, moisture
obs_nudgezrampr4_q = 50 ! Vert infl ramp-to-zero height for LML obs, regime 4, moisture
obs_nudgezfullmin = 50 ! Min depth through which vertical infl fcn remains 1.0
obs_nudgezrampmin = 50 ! Min depth (m) through which vert infl fcn decreases from 1 to 0
obs_nudgezmax = 3000 ! Max depth (m) in which vert infl function is nonzero
obs_sfcfact = 1.0 ! Scale factor applied to time window for surface obs
obs_sfcfacr = 1.0 ! Scale factor applied to horiz radius of influence for surface obs
obs_dpsmx = 7.5 ! Max pressure change (cb) allowed within horiz radius of influence
obs_scl_neg_qv_innov = 0 ! 1 = prevent to nudge toward negative QV
/
&scm
scm_force = 1, ! switch for single column forcing (=0 off)
scm_force_dx = 4000. ! DX for SCM forcing (in meters)
num_force_layers = 8 ! number of SCM input forcing layers
scm_lu_index = 2 ! SCM landuse category (2 is dryland, cropland and pasture)
scm_isltyp = 4 ! SCM soil category (4 is silt loam)
scm_vegfra = 0.5 ! SCM vegetation fraction
scm_canwat = 0.0 ! SCM canopy water
scm_lat = 36.605 ! SCM latitude
scm_lon = -97.485 ! SCM longitude
scm_th_adv = .true. ! turn on theta advection in SCM
scm_wind_adv = .true. ! turn on wind advection in SCM
scm_qv_adv = .true. ! turn on moisture advection in SCM
scm_ql_adv = .true. ! turn on cloud liquid water advection in SCM
scm_vert_adv = .true. ! turn on vertical advection in SCM
num_force_soil_layers = 5, ! Number of SCM soil forcing layer
scm_soilT_force = .false. ! Turn on soil temp forcing in SCM
scm_soilq_force = .false. ! Turn on soil moisture forcing in SCM
scm_force_th_largescale = .false. ! Turn on large scale theta forcing in SCM
scm_force_qv_largescale = .false. ! Turn on large scale qv forcing in SCM
scm_force_ql_largescale = .false. ! Turn on large scale cloud water forcing in SCM
scm_force_wind_largescale = .false. ! Turn on large scale wind forcing in SCM
&dynamics
hybrid_opt = 2, ! default; Klemp cubic form with etac
0 = original WRF terrain-following coordinate (through V3)
etac = 0.2 ! znw(k) < etac, eta surfaces are isobaric, 0.2 is a good default (Pa/Pa)
rk_ord = 3, ! time-integration scheme option:
2 = Runge-Kutta 2nd order
3 = Runge-Kutta 3rd order
zadvect_implicit = 0, ! toggle off on [0/1] the IEVA scheme. Default off.
w_crit_cfl = 1.2 ! default vertical courant number where vertical velocity damping begins (see below).
! when zadvect_implicit is on, value can be ~ 2.0
zdamp (max_dom) = 5000., ! damping depth (m) from model top
w_damping = 0, ! vertical velocity damping flag (for operational use)
0 = without damping
1 = with damping
diff_opt(max_dom) = 0, ! turbulence and mixing option:
0 = no turbulence or explicit
spatial numerical filters (km_opt IS IGNORED).
1 = evaluates 2nd order
diffusion term on coordinate surfaces.
uses kvdif for vertical diff unless PBL option
is used. may be used with km_opt = 1 and 4.
(= 1, recommended for real-data cases)
2 = evaluates mixing terms in
physical space (stress form) (x,y,z).
turbulence parameterization is chosen
by specifying km_opt.
km_opt(max_dom) = 1, ! eddy coefficient option
1 = constant (use khdif kvdif)
2 = 1.5 order TKE closure (3D)
3 = Smagorinsky first order closure (3D)
Note: option 2 and 3 are not recommended for DX > 2 km
4 = horizontal Smagorinsky first order closure
(recommended for real-data cases)
5 = SMS-3DTKE scale-adaptive LES/PBL scheme. It must be
used with diff_opt = 2. PBL schemes must be turned off
(bl_pbl_physics=0). It can work with sf_sfclay_physics = 1, 5, 91.
damp_opt = 0, ! upper level damping flag
0 = without damping
1 = with diffusive damping, maybe used for real-data cases
(dampcoef nondimensional ~0.01-0.1)
2 = with Rayleigh damping (dampcoef inverse time scale [1/s] e.g. .003; idealized case only
not for real-data cases)
3 = with w-Rayleigh damping (dampcoef inverse time scale [1/s] e.g. .2;
for real-data cases)
use_theta_m = 1 ! 1: use theta_m=theta(1+1.61Qv)
0: use dry theta in dynamics
use_q_diabatic = 0 ! whether to include QV and QC tendencies in advection
0 = default, old behavior
1 = include QV and QC tendencies - this helps to produce correct solution
in an idealized 'moist benchmark' test case (Bryan, 2014).
In real data testing, time step needs to be reduce to maintain stable solution
c_s (max_dom) = 0.25 ! Smagorinsky coeff
c_k (max_dom) = 0.15 ! TKE coeff
diff_6th_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! 6th-order numerical diffusion
0 = no 6th-order diffusion (default)
1 = 6th-order numerical diffusion (not recommended)
2 = 6th-order numerical diffusion but prohibit up-gradient diffusion
diff_6th_factor (max_dom) = 0.12, ! 6th-order numerical diffusion non-dimensional rate (max value 1.0
corresponds to complete removal of 2dx wave in one timestep)
diff_6th_slopeopt (max_dom) = 0 ! if set to =1, turns on 6th-order numerical diffusion - terrain-slope tapering. default is 0=off
diff_6th_thresh (max_dom) = 0.10 ! slope threshold (m/m) that turns off 6th order diff in steep terrain
dampcoef (max_dom) = 0., ! damping coefficient (see above)
base_temp = 290., ! real-data, em ONLY, base sea-level temp (K)
base_pres = 10^5 ! real-data, em ONLY, base sea-level pres (Pa), DO NOT CHANGE
base_lapse = 50., ! real-data, em ONLY, lapse rate (K), DO NOT CHANGE
iso_temp = 200., ! real-data, em ONLY, reference temp in stratosphere, US Standard atmosphere 216.5 K
base_pres_strat = 0. ! real-data, em ONLY, base state pressure (Pa) at bottom of the stratosphere,
US Standard atmosphere 55 hPa
base_lapse_strat = -11. ! real-data, em ONLY, base state lapse rate ( dT / d(lnP) ) in stratosphere,
approx to US Standard atmosphere -12 K
use_baseparam_fr_nml = .f., ! whether to use base state parameters from the namelist
use_input_w = .f., ! whether to use vertical velocity from input file
khdif (max_dom) = 0, ; horizontal diffusion constant (m^2/s). A typical value should be 0.1*DX in meters.
kvdif (max_dom) = 0, ! vertical diffusion constant (m^2/s). A typical value should be 100.
smdiv (max_dom) = 0.1, ! divergence damping (0.1 is typical)
emdiv (max_dom) = 0.01, ! external-mode filter coef for mass coordinate model
(0.01 is typical for real-data cases)
epssm (max_dom) = .1, ! time off-centering for vertical sound waves
non_hydrostatic (max_dom) = .true., ! whether running the model in hydrostatic or non-hydro mode
pert_coriolis (max_dom) = .false., ! Coriolis only acts on wind perturbation (idealized)
top_lid (max_dom) = .false., ! Zero vertical motion at top of domain
mix_full_fields(max_dom) = .true., ! used with diff_opt = 2; value of ".true." is recommended, except for
highly idealized numerical tests; damp_opt must not be 1 if ".true."
is chosen. .false. means subtract 1-d base-state profile before mixing
mix_isotropic(max_dom) = 0 ! 0=anisotropic vertical/horizontal diffusion coeffs, 1=isotropic
mix_upper_bound(max_dom) = 0.1 ! non-dimensional upper limit for diffusion coeffs
tke_drag_coefficient(max_dom) = 0., ! surface drag coefficient (Cd, dimensionless) for diff_opt=2 only
tke_heat_flux(max_dom) = 0., ! surface thermal flux (H/(rho*cp), K m/s) for diff_opt=2 only
h_mom_adv_order (max_dom) = 5, ! horizontal momentum advection order (5=5th, etc.)
v_mom_adv_order (max_dom) = 3, ! vertical momentum advection order
h_sca_adv_order (max_dom) = 5, ! horizontal scalar advection order
v_sca_adv_order (max_dom) = 3, ! vertical scalar advection order
momentum_adv_opt(max_dom) = 1, ! advection options for momentum variables:
1=original, 3 = 5th-order WENO
advection options for scalar variables: 0=simple, 1=positive definite,
2=monotonic, 3=5th order WENO, 4=5th-order WENO with positive definite filter
moist_adv_opt (max_dom) = 1 ! for moisture
moist_adv_dfi_opt (max_dom) = 0 ! positive-definite RK3 transport switch. Default is 0=off
scalar_adv_opt (max_dom) = 1 ! for scalars
chem_adv_opt (max_dom) = 1 ! for chem variables
tracer_adv_opt (max_dom) = 1 ! for tracer variables (WRF-Chem activated)
tke_adv_opt (max_dom) = 1 ! for tke
phi_adv_z (max_dom) = 1 ! vertical advection option for geopotential; 1: original (default) 2: avoid double staggering of omega
moist_mix2_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for moisture. default is F.
chem_mix2_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for chem species. default is F.
tracer_mix2_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for tracers. default is F.
scalar_mix2_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for scalars. default is F.
tke_mix2_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for tke. default is F.
moist_mix6_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for moisture. default is F.
chem_mix6_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for chem species. default is F.
tracer_mix6_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for tracers. default is F.
scalar_mix6_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for scalars. default is F.
tke_mix6_off (max_dom) = .false. ! if set to T, deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for tke. default is F.
time_step_sound (max_dom) = 4 / ! number of sound steps per time-step (0=set automatically)
(if using a time_step much larger than 6*dx (in km),
proportionally increase number of sound steps - also
best to use even numbers)
do_avgflx_em (max_dom) = 0, ! whether to output time-averaged mass-coupled advective velocities
0 = no (default)
1 = yes
do_avgflx_cugd (max_dom) = 0, ! whether to output time-averaged convective mass-fluxes from Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme
0 = no (default)
1 = yes (only takes effect if do_avgflx_em=1 and cu_physics= 93
do_coriolis (max_dom) = .true., ! whether to do Coriolis calculations (idealized) (inactive)
do_curvature (max_dom) = .true., ! whether to do curvature calculations (idealized) (inactive)
do_gradp (max_dom) = .true., ! whether to do horizontal pressure gradient calculations (idealized) (inactive)
fft_filter_lat = 91. ! the latitude above which the polar filter is turned on (degrees) - 45 degrees is a
reasonable latitude to start using polar filters
coupled_filtering = .true. ! T/F mu coupled scalar arrays are run through the polar filters
pos_def = .false. ! T/F remove negative values of scalar arrays by setting minimum value to zero
swap_pole_with_next_j = .false. ! T/F replace the entire j=1 (jds-1) with the values from j=2 (jds-2)
actual_distance_average = .false. ! T/F average the field at each i location in the j-loop with a number of grid points based on a map-factor ratio
gwd_opt (max_dom) = 0 ! for running without gravity wave drag
= 1 ; for running with gravity wave drag (Choi and Hong 2015)
= 3 ; NOAA/GSL gravity wave drag and turbulent orographic form drag
gwd_diags = 0 ; set to 1 to output diagnostics for gwd_opt = 3
sfs_opt (max_dom) = 0 ! nonlinear backscatter and anisotropy (NBA) off
= 1 ! NBA1 using diagnostic stress terms (km_opt=2,3 for scalars)
= 2 ! NBA2 using tke-based stress terms (km_opt=2 needed)
m_opt (max_dom) = 0 ! no added output
= 1 ! adds output of Mij stress terms when NBA is not used
tracer_opt(max_dom) = 0 ! whether to turn on tracers
rad_nudge = 1 ! nudge T to initial values in idealized tropical cyclone case
&bdy_control
spec_bdy_width = 5, ! total number of rows for specified boundary value nudging
spec_zone = 1, ! number of points in specified zone (spec b.c. option)
relax_zone = 4, ! number of points in relaxation zone (spec b.c. option)
specified (max_dom) = .false., ! specified boundary conditions (only can be used for domain 1)
the above 4 are used for real-data runs
spec_exp = 0. ! exponential multiplier for relaxation zone ramp for specified=.t.
(0.=linear ramp default, e.g. 0.33=~3*dx exp decay factor)
constant_bc = .false. ! constant boundary condition used with DFI
periodic_x (max_dom) = .false., ! periodic boundary conditions in x direction
symmetric_xs (max_dom) = .false., ! symmetric boundary conditions at x start (west)
symmetric_xe (max_dom) = .false., ! symmetric boundary conditions at x end (east)
open_xs (max_dom) = .false., ! open boundary conditions at x start (west)
open_xe (max_dom) = .false., ! open boundary conditions at x end (east)
periodic_y (max_dom) = .false., ! periodic boundary conditions in y direction
symmetric_ys (max_dom) = .false., ! symmetric boundary conditions at y start (south)
symmetric_ye (max_dom) = .false., ! symmetric boundary conditions at y end (north)
open_ys (max_dom) = .false., ! open boundary conditions at y start (south)
open_ye (max_dom) = .false., ! open boundary conditions at y end (north)
nested (max_dom) = .false., ! nested boundary conditions (must be used for nests)
polar (max_dom) = .false., ! polar boundary condition
(v=0 at polarward-most v-point)
have_bcs_moist (max_dom) = .false., ! model run after ndown only: do not use microphysics variables in bdy file
= .true. , ! use microphysics variables in bdy file
have_bcs_scalar (max_dom) = .false., ! model run after ndown only: do not use scalar variables in bdy file
= .true. , ! use scalar variables in bdy file
multi_bdy_files = .false., ! F=default; T=model will run with split and individually named LBC files
requires usage of bdy_inname = "wrfbdy_d<domain>_<date>"
the real program can generate all LBC files in a single run
only a single time period is in each separate LBC file
&ideal
ideal_case = 0 ! ideal case number. Option selects CASEs within module_initialize_ideal.F
realcase ideal_case=0
hill2d_x ideal_case=1
quarter_ss ideal_case=2
convrad ideal_case=3
squall2d_x ideal_case=4
squall2d_y ideal_case=5
grav2d_x ideal_case=6
b_wave ideal_case=7
seabreeze2d_x ideal_case=8
les ideal_case=9
&tc ; controls for tc_em.exe ONLY, no impact on real, ndown, or model
insert_bogus_storm = .false. ! T/F for inserting a bogus tropical storm (TC)
remove_storm = .false. ! T/F for only removing the original TC
num_storm = 1 ! Number of bogus TC
latc_loc = -999. ! center latitude of the bogus TC
lonc_loc = -999. ! center longitude of the bogus TC
vmax_meters_per_second(max_bogus) = -999. ! vmax of bogus storm in meters per second
rmax = -999. ! maximum radius outward from storm center
vmax_ratio(max_bogus) = -999. ! ratio for representative maximum winds, 0.75 for 45 km grid, and
0.9 for 15 km grid.
rankine_lid = -999. ! top pressure limit for the tc bogus scheme
&namelist_quilt This namelist record controls asynchronized I/O for MPI applications.
nio_tasks_per_group = 0, ! default value is 0: no quilting; > 0 quilting I/O
nio_groups = 1, ! default 1. May be set to higher value for nesting IO
or history and restart IO
&grib2:
background_proc_id = 255, ! Background generating process identifier, typically defined
by the originating center to identify the background data that
was used in creating the data. This is octet 13 of Section 4
in the grib2 message
forecast_proc_id = 255, ! Analysis or generating forecast process identifier, typically
defined by the originating center to identify the forecast process
that was used to generate the data. This is octet 14 of Section
4 in the grib2 message
production_status = 255, ! Production status of processed data in the grib2 message.
See Code Table 1.3 of the grib2 manual. This is octet 20 of
Section 1 in the grib2 record
compression = 40, ! The compression method to encode the output grib2 message.
Only 40 for jpeg2000 or 41 for PNG are supported
By default the pressure and height level data goes into stream 23 and 22, respectively. Using
the vertical interpolation options requires the user to define an io_form and interval for
the requested stream. See examples.namelist.
&diags:
p_lev_diags = 1, ! Vertically interpolate diagnostics to p-levels
0=NO, 1=YES
num_press_levels = 0, ! Number of pressure levels to interpolate to, for example,
could be 2
press_levels = 0, ! Which pressure levels (Pa) to interpolate to, for example
could be 85000, 70000
use_tot_or_hyd_p = 2 ! Which half level pressure to use: 1=total (p+pb); 2=hydrostatic
(p_hyd). The p_hyd option is the default and less noisy. Total
pressure is consistent with what is done in various post-proc
packages.
z_lev_diags = 0, ! Vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels
0=NO, 1=YES
num_z_levels = 2, ! Number of height levels to interpolate to
z_levels = 0, ! List of height values (m) to interpolate data to.
Positive numbers are for height above mean sea level (i.e. a flight level)
Negative numbers are for levels above ground
/
AFWA diagnostics:
&afwa
afwa_diag_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! AFWA Diagnostic option, 1: on
afwa_ptype_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Precip type option, 1: on
afwa_vil_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Vert Int Liquid option, 1: on
afwa_radar_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Radar option, 1: on
afwa_severe_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Severe Wx option, 1: on
afwa_icing_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Icing option, 1: on
afwa_vis_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Visibility option, 1: on
afwa_cloud_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Cloud option, 1: on
afwa_therm_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Thermal indices option, 1: on
afwa_turb_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Turbulence option, 1: on
afwa_buoy_opt (max_dom) = 0, ! Buoyancy option, 1: on
afwa_ptype_ccn_tmp = 264.15, ! CCN temperature for precipitation type calculation
afwa_ptype_tot_melt = 50, ! Total melting energy for precipitation type calculation
Add an extra set of 3d arrays for vertical interpolation to the
processing for the real program. Typically, this extra data set
is to include monthly aerosol data. The vertical coordinate of the
aerosol data is able to be separate from the input meteorological
data. To introduce new data sets, mods are required in the Registry
and in module_initialize_real.F. There is a space-holder/practice
set-up for "GCA". The actual data set for Thompson mp=28 (WIF) that
utilizes QNWFA and QNIFA (water and ice friendly aerosols) has
been tested.
&domains
num_wif_levels = 30
wif_input_opt = 1
/
num_gca_levels = 13
gca_input_opt = 1
physics suite specification, which specifies physics options
mp_physics
cu_physics
ra_lw_physics
ra_sw_physics
bl_pbl_physics
sf_sfclay_physics
sf_surface_physics
with a new namelist physics_suite = 'X'. Two suites are available:
physics_suite = 'CONUS'
or
physics_suite = 'tropical'
where 'CONUS' is equivalent to
mp_physics = 8,
cu_physics = 6,
ra_lw_physics = 4,
ra_sw_physics = 4,
bl_pbl_physics = 2,
sf_sfclay_physics = 2,
sf_surface_physics = 2,
and 'tropical' is equivalent to
mp_physics = 6,
cu_physics = 16,
ra_lw_physics = 4,
ra_sw_physics = 4,
bl_pbl_physics = 1,
sf_sfclay_physics = 91,
sf_surface_physics = 2,
One can use physics_suite, and overwrite one or more options by explicitly including the physics
namelists.
To overwrite an option for a nest, one can have
&physics
physics_suite = 'tropical'
cu_physics = -1, -1, 0,
...
here '-1' means to use option specified by the suite, and '0' modifies the cumulus option from the
suite option 16 to 0 (turning cumulus off).
Hybrid Vertical Coordinate (HVC) vs Terrain Following (TF)
1. To turn ON the HVC
&dynamics
hybrid_opt = 2,
2. To turn OFF the HVC
&dynamics
hybrid_opt = 0,
Traditional / full fields model output
The WRF model output may be modified at run-time to also include a stream that contains
more traditional fields: temperature, pressure, geopotential height, etc. The flag needs to
be activated in the namelist (diag_nwp2 = 1). In the registry.trad_fields, the output stream
is "h1", so that stream needs to be explicitly requested in the namelist.input file.
&diags
diag_nwp2 = 1
/
&time_control
io_form_auxhist1 = 2
auxhist1_interval = 180, 30, 30,
frames_per_auxhist1 = 1, 1, 1,
auxhist1_outname = "wrf_trad_fields_d<domain>_<date>"
/
Solar diagnostics output
For solar diagnostics, 2-D fields of variables relevant to solar forecasting are output
when option solar_diagnostics is activated in diags section of namelist, as shown below.
Also, if tslist is present when solar_diagnostics is activated, then these same variables
are output to the time series files for the location(s) specified in tslist (see README.tslist).
All variables are calculated in phys/module_diag_solar.F and defined in registry.solar_fields
&diags
solar_diagnostics = 1
/