diff --git a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
index 0ecc7e41494a..4a19d0443b41 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/@types/astro.ts
@@ -1002,7 +1002,6 @@ export interface SSRElement {
 export interface SSRMetadata {
 	renderers: SSRLoadedRenderer[];
 	pathname: string;
-	needsHydrationStyles: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface SSRResult {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/render/result.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/render/result.ts
index 1bee4ab7723f..3a8a712357d4 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/render/result.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/render/result.ts
@@ -201,7 +201,6 @@ ${extra}`
 		_metadata: {
 			renderers,
 			pathname,
-			needsHydrationStyles: false,
 		},
 	};
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/hmr.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/hmr.ts
index cefb3e06891c..7cd7732569df 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/hmr.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/hmr.ts
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ if (import.meta.hot) {
 		const doc = parser.parseFromString(html, 'text/html');
 
 		// Match incoming islands to current state
-		for (const root of doc.querySelectorAll('astro-island')) {
+		for (const root of doc.querySelectorAll('astro-root')) {
 			const uid = root.getAttribute('uid');
-			const current = document.querySelector(`astro-island[uid="${uid}"]`);
+			const current = document.querySelector(`astro-root[uid="${uid}"]`);
 			if (current) {
 				root.innerHTML = current?.innerHTML;
 			}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/idle.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/idle.ts
index d0b3f29a9e77..627d896db75f 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/idle.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/idle.ts
@@ -5,17 +5,22 @@ import type { GetHydrateCallback, HydrateOptions } from '../../@types/astro';
  * (or after a short delay, if `requestIdleCallback`) isn't supported
  */
 export default async function onIdle(
-	root: HTMLElement,
+	astroId: string,
 	options: HydrateOptions,
 	getHydrateCallback: GetHydrateCallback
 ) {
 	const cb = async () => {
+		const roots = document.querySelectorAll(`astro-root[uid="${astroId}"]`);
+		if (roots.length === 0) {
+			throw new Error(`Unable to find the root for the component ${options.name}`);
+		}
+
 		let innerHTML: string | null = null;
-		let fragment = root.querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
-		if (fragment == null && root.hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
+		let fragment = roots[0].querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
+		if (fragment == null && roots[0].hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
 			// If there is no child fragment, check to see if there is a template.
 			// This happens if children were passed but the client component did not render any.
-			let template = root.querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
+			let template = roots[0].querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
 			if (template) {
 				innerHTML = template.innerHTML;
 				template.remove();
@@ -24,7 +29,10 @@ export default async function onIdle(
 			innerHTML = fragment.innerHTML;
 		}
 		const hydrate = await getHydrateCallback();
-		hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+
+		for (const root of roots) {
+			hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+		}
 	};
 
 	if ('requestIdleCallback' in window) {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/load.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/load.ts
index cba255e1d05d..cf4cd83af430 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/load.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/load.ts
@@ -4,16 +4,21 @@ import type { GetHydrateCallback, HydrateOptions } from '../../@types/astro';
  * Hydrate this component immediately
  */
 export default async function onLoad(
-	root: HTMLElement,
+	astroId: string,
 	options: HydrateOptions,
 	getHydrateCallback: GetHydrateCallback
 ) {
+	const roots = document.querySelectorAll(`astro-root[uid="${astroId}"]`);
+	if (roots.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(`Unable to find the root for the component ${options.name}`);
+	}
+
 	let innerHTML: string | null = null;
-	let fragment = root.querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
-	if (fragment == null && root.hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
+	let fragment = roots[0].querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
+	if (fragment == null && roots[0].hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
 		// If there is no child fragment, check to see if there is a template.
 		// This happens if children were passed but the client component did not render any.
-		let template = root.querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
+		let template = roots[0].querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
 		if (template) {
 			innerHTML = template.innerHTML;
 			template.remove();
@@ -22,7 +27,10 @@ export default async function onLoad(
 		innerHTML = fragment.innerHTML;
 	}
 
-	//const innerHTML = root.querySelector(`astro-fragment`)?.innerHTML ?? null;
+	//const innerHTML = roots[0].querySelector(`astro-fragment`)?.innerHTML ?? null;
 	const hydrate = await getHydrateCallback();
-	hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+
+	for (const root of roots) {
+		hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/media.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/media.ts
index 56b8dedf3eb5..32e8839089e2 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/media.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/media.ts
@@ -4,16 +4,21 @@ import type { GetHydrateCallback, HydrateOptions } from '../../@types/astro';
  * Hydrate this component when a matching media query is found
  */
 export default async function onMedia(
-	root: HTMLElement,
+	astroId: string,
 	options: HydrateOptions,
 	getHydrateCallback: GetHydrateCallback
 ) {
+	const roots = document.querySelectorAll(`astro-root[uid="${astroId}"]`);
+	if (roots.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(`Unable to find the root for the component ${options.name}`);
+	}
+
 	let innerHTML: string | null = null;
-	let fragment = root.querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
-	if (fragment == null && root.hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
+	let fragment = roots[0].querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
+	if (fragment == null && roots[0].hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
 		// If there is no child fragment, check to see if there is a template.
 		// This happens if children were passed but the client component did not render any.
-		let template = root.querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
+		let template = roots[0].querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
 		if (template) {
 			innerHTML = template.innerHTML;
 			template.remove();
@@ -24,7 +29,9 @@ export default async function onMedia(
 
 	const cb = async () => {
 		const hydrate = await getHydrateCallback();
-		hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+		for (const root of roots) {
+			hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+		}
 	};
 
 	if (options.value) {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/only.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/only.ts
index 8fe3ac726032..6400d44b855c 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/only.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/only.ts
@@ -4,16 +4,21 @@ import type { GetHydrateCallback, HydrateOptions } from '../../@types/astro';
  * Hydrate this component immediately
  */
 export default async function onLoad(
-	root: HTMLElement,
+	astroId: string,
 	options: HydrateOptions,
 	getHydrateCallback: GetHydrateCallback
 ) {
+	const roots = document.querySelectorAll(`astro-root[uid="${astroId}"]`);
+	if (roots.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(`Unable to find the root for the component ${options.name}`);
+	}
+
 	let innerHTML: string | null = null;
-	let fragment = root.querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
-	if (fragment == null && root.hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
+	let fragment = roots[0].querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
+	if (fragment == null && roots[0].hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
 		// If there is no child fragment, check to see if there is a template.
 		// This happens if children were passed but the client component did not render any.
-		let template = root.querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
+		let template = roots[0].querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
 		if (template) {
 			innerHTML = template.innerHTML;
 			template.remove();
@@ -22,5 +27,8 @@ export default async function onLoad(
 		innerHTML = fragment.innerHTML;
 	}
 	const hydrate = await getHydrateCallback();
-	hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+
+	for (const root of roots) {
+		hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/visible.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/visible.ts
index 70570865fe40..e0c1fdc73ad1 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/visible.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/client/visible.ts
@@ -2,20 +2,25 @@ import type { GetHydrateCallback, HydrateOptions } from '../../@types/astro';
 
 /**
  * Hydrate this component when one of it's children becomes visible.
- * We target the children because `astro-island` is set to `display: contents`
+ * We target the children because `astro-root` is set to `display: contents`
  * which doesn't work with IntersectionObserver
  */
 export default async function onVisible(
-	root: HTMLElement,
+	astroId: string,
 	options: HydrateOptions,
 	getHydrateCallback: GetHydrateCallback
 ) {
+	const roots = document.querySelectorAll(`astro-root[uid="${astroId}"]`);
+	if (roots.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(`Unable to find the root for the component ${options.name}`);
+	}
+
 	let innerHTML: string | null = null;
-	let fragment = root.querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
-	if (fragment == null && root.hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
+	let fragment = roots[0].querySelector(`astro-fragment`);
+	if (fragment == null && roots[0].hasAttribute('tmpl')) {
 		// If there is no child fragment, check to see if there is a template.
 		// This happens if children were passed but the client component did not render any.
-		let template = root.querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
+		let template = roots[0].querySelector(`template[data-astro-template]`);
 		if (template) {
 			innerHTML = template.innerHTML;
 			template.remove();
@@ -26,21 +31,25 @@ export default async function onVisible(
 
 	const cb = async () => {
 		const hydrate = await getHydrateCallback();
-		hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+		for (const root of roots) {
+			hydrate(root, innerHTML);
+		}
 	};
 
 	const io = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
 		for (const entry of entries) {
 			if (!entry.isIntersecting) continue;
-			// As soon as we hydrate, disconnect this IntersectionObserver for every `astro-island`
+			// As soon as we hydrate, disconnect this IntersectionObserver for every `astro-root`
 			io.disconnect();
 			cb();
 			break; // break loop on first match
 		}
 	});
 
-	for (let i = 0; i < root.children.length; i++) {
-		const child = root.children[i];
-		io.observe(child);
+	for (const root of roots) {
+		for (let i = 0; i < root.children.length; i++) {
+			const child = root.children[i];
+			io.observe(child);
+		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/astro-island.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/astro-island.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 8cb573cf870e..000000000000
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/astro-island.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/*
-customElements.define('astro-island', class extends HTMLElement {
-	async connectedCallback(){
-		const [ { default: setup } ] = await Promise.all([
-			import(this.getAttribute('directive-url')),
-			import(this.getAttribute('before-hydration-url'))
-		]);
-
-		const opts = JSON.parse(this.getAttribute('opts'));
-		setup(this, opts, async () => {
-			const propsStr = this.getAttribute('props');
-			const props = propsStr ? JSON.parse(propsStr) : {};
-			const rendererUrl = this.getAttribute('renderer-url');
-			const [
-				{ default: Component },
-				{ default: hydrate }
-			] = await Promise.all([
-				import(this.getAttribute('component-url')),
-				rendererUrl ? import(rendererUrl) : () => () => {}
-			]);
-
-			return (el, children) => hydrate(el)(Component, props, children);
-		});
-	}
-});
-*/
-
-/**
- * This is a minified version of the above. If you modify the above you need to
- * copy/paste it into a .js file and then run:
- * > node_modules/.bin/terser --mangle --compress -- file.js
- *
- * And copy/paste the result below
- */
-export const islandScript = `customElements.define("astro-island",class extends HTMLElement{async connectedCallback(){const[{default:t}]=await Promise.all([import(this.getAttribute("directive-url")),import(this.getAttribute("before-hydration-url"))]);const e=JSON.parse(this.getAttribute("opts"));t(this,e,(async()=>{const t=this.getAttribute("props");const e=t?JSON.parse(t):{};const r=this.getAttribute("renderer-url");const[{default:s},{default:i}]=await Promise.all([import(this.getAttribute("component-url")),r?import(r):()=>()=>{}]);return(t,r)=>i(t)(s,e,r)}))}});`;
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/hydration.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/hydration.ts
index 04d678c3fa17..e7267fe16e3c 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/hydration.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/hydration.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import type { AstroComponentMetadata, SSRLoadedRenderer } from '../../@types/astro';
 import type { SSRElement, SSRResult } from '../../@types/astro';
 import { hydrationSpecifier, serializeListValue } from './util.js';
-import { escapeHTML } from './escape.js';
 import serializeJavaScript from 'serialize-javascript';
 
 // Serializes props passed into a component so that they can be reused during hydration.
@@ -111,31 +110,32 @@ export async function generateHydrateScript(
 		);
 	}
 
-	const island: SSRElement = {
-		children: '',
-		props: {
-			// This is for HMR, probably can avoid it in prod
-			uid: astroId,
-		},
+	let hydrationSource = ``;
+
+	hydrationSource += renderer.clientEntrypoint
+		? `const [{ ${
+				componentExport.value
+		  }: Component }, { default: hydrate }] = await Promise.all([import("${await result.resolve(
+				componentUrl
+		  )}"), import("${await result.resolve(renderer.clientEntrypoint)}")]);
+  return (el, children) => hydrate(el)(Component, ${serializeProps(props)}, children);
+`
+		: `await import("${await result.resolve(componentUrl)}");
+  return () => {};
+`;
+	// TODO: If we can figure out tree-shaking in the final SSR build, we could safely
+	// use BEFORE_HYDRATION_SCRIPT_ID instead of 'astro:scripts/before-hydration.js'.
+	const hydrationScript = {
+		props: { type: 'module', 'data-astro-component-hydration': true },
+		children: `import setup from '${await result.resolve(hydrationSpecifier(hydrate))}';
+${`import '${await result.resolve('astro:scripts/before-hydration.js')}';`}
+setup("${astroId}", {name:"${metadata.displayName}",${
+			metadata.hydrateArgs ? `value: ${JSON.stringify(metadata.hydrateArgs)}` : ''
+		}}, async () => {
+  ${hydrationSource}
+});
+`,
 	};
 
-	// Add component url
-	island.props['component-url'] = await result.resolve(componentUrl);
-
-	// Add renderer url
-	if (renderer.clientEntrypoint) {
-		island.props['renderer-url'] = await result.resolve(renderer.clientEntrypoint);
-		island.props['props'] = escapeHTML(serializeProps(props));
-	}
-
-	island.props['directive-url'] = await result.resolve(hydrationSpecifier(hydrate));
-	island.props['before-hydration-url'] = await result.resolve('astro:scripts/before-hydration.js');
-	island.props['opts'] = escapeHTML(
-		JSON.stringify({
-			name: metadata.displayName,
-			value: metadata.hydrateArgs || '',
-		})
-	);
-
-	return island;
+	return hydrationScript;
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/index.ts
index aa2d1d5745db..f888a48526fa 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/runtime/server/index.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import type {
 import { escapeHTML, HTMLString, markHTMLString } from './escape.js';
 import { extractDirectives, generateHydrateScript, serializeProps } from './hydration.js';
 import { serializeListValue } from './util.js';
-import { islandScript } from './astro-island.js';
 
 export { markHTMLString, markHTMLString as unescapeHTML } from './escape.js';
 export type { Metadata } from './metadata';
@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ const htmlEnumAttributes = /^(contenteditable|draggable|spellcheck|value)$/i;
 // Note: SVG is case-sensitive!
 const svgEnumAttributes = /^(autoReverse|externalResourcesRequired|focusable|preserveAlpha)$/i;
 
-const resultsWithHydrationScript = new WeakSet<SSRResult>();
-
 // INVESTIGATE:
 // 2. Less anys when possible and make it well known when they are needed.
 
@@ -311,32 +308,22 @@ If you're still stuck, please open an issue on GitHub or join us at https://astr
 
 	// Rather than appending this inline in the page, puts this into the `result.scripts` set that will be appended to the head.
 	// INVESTIGATE: This will likely be a problem in streaming because the `<head>` will be gone at this point.
-	const island = await generateHydrateScript(
-		{ renderer: renderer!, result, astroId, props },
-		metadata as Required<AstroComponentMetadata>
+	result.scripts.add(
+		await generateHydrateScript(
+			{ renderer: renderer!, result, astroId, props },
+			metadata as Required<AstroComponentMetadata>
+		)
 	);
-	result._metadata.needsHydrationStyles = true;
 
 	// Render a template if no fragment is provided.
 	const needsAstroTemplate = children && !/<\/?astro-fragment\>/.test(html);
 	const template = needsAstroTemplate ? `<template data-astro-template>${children}</template>` : '';
 
-	if (needsAstroTemplate) {
-		island.props.tmpl = '';
-	}
-
-	island.children = `${html ?? ''}${template}`;
-
-	// Add the astro-island definition only once. Since the SSRResult object
-	// is scoped to a page renderer we can use it as a key to know if the script
-	// has been rendered or not.
-	let script = '';
-	if (!resultsWithHydrationScript.has(result)) {
-		resultsWithHydrationScript.add(result);
-		script = `<script>${islandScript}</script>`;
-	}
-
-	return markHTMLString(script + renderElement('astro-island', island, false));
+	return markHTMLString(
+		`<astro-root uid="${astroId}"${needsAstroTemplate ? ' tmpl' : ''}>${
+			html ?? ''
+		}${template}</astro-root>`
+	);
 }
 
 /** Create the Astro.fetchContent() runtime function. */
@@ -560,10 +547,13 @@ export async function renderHead(result: SSRResult): Promise<string> {
 	const styles = Array.from(result.styles)
 		.filter(uniqueElements)
 		.map((style) => renderElement('style', style));
-	let needsHydrationStyles = result._metadata.needsHydrationStyles;
+	let needsHydrationStyles = false;
 	const scripts = Array.from(result.scripts)
 		.filter(uniqueElements)
 		.map((script, i) => {
+			if ('data-astro-component-hydration' in script.props) {
+				needsHydrationStyles = true;
+			}
 			return renderElement('script', {
 				...script,
 				props: { ...script.props, 'astro-script': result._metadata.pathname + '/script-' + i },
@@ -573,7 +563,7 @@ export async function renderHead(result: SSRResult): Promise<string> {
 		styles.push(
 			renderElement('style', {
 				props: {},
-				children: 'astro-island, astro-fragment { display: contents; }',
+				children: 'astro-root, astro-fragment { display: contents; }',
 			})
 		);
 	}
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/0-css.test.js b/packages/astro/test/0-css.test.js
index 8a6130429f99..65efdeba298a 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/0-css.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/0-css.test.js
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describe('CSS', function () {
 				expect($('#passed-in').attr('class')).to.match(/outer astro-[A-Z0-9]+ astro-[A-Z0-9]+/);
 			});
 
-			it('Using hydrated components adds astro-island styles', async () => {
+			it('Using hydrated components adds astro-root styles', async () => {
 				const inline = $('style').html();
 				expect(inline).to.include('display: contents');
 			});
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/astro-client-only.test.js b/packages/astro/test/astro-client-only.test.js
index 7a096453f7dd..5e2cc6ce85a3 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/astro-client-only.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/astro-client-only.test.js
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ describe('Client only components', () => {
 		const html = await fixture.readFile('/index.html');
 		const $ = cheerioLoad(html);
 
-		// test 1: <astro-island> is empty
-		expect($('astro-island').html()).to.equal('');
+		// test 1: <astro-root> is empty
+		expect($('astro-root').html()).to.equal('');
 		const $script = $('script');
 		const script = $script.html();
 
-		// Has the renderer URL for svelte
-		expect($('astro-island').attr('renderer-url').length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
+		// test 2: svelte renderer is on the page
+		expect(/import\(".\/entry.*/g.test(script)).to.be.ok;
 	});
 
 	it('Adds the CSS to the page', async () => {
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/astro-dynamic.test.js b/packages/astro/test/astro-dynamic.test.js
index ed1e9df08b4e..1b8b323ee6a9 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/astro-dynamic.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/astro-dynamic.test.js
@@ -16,25 +16,27 @@ describe('Dynamic components', () => {
 		const html = await fixture.readFile('/index.html');
 
 		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
-		expect($('script').length).to.eq(1);
+		expect($('script').length).to.eq(2);
 	});
 
 	it('Loads pages using client:media hydrator', async () => {
+		const root = new URL('http://example.com/media/index.html');
 		const html = await fixture.readFile('/media/index.html');
 		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
 
 		// test 1: static value rendered
-		expect($('script').length).to.equal(1); // One overall
+		expect($('script').length).to.equal(2); // One for each
 	});
 
 	it('Loads pages using client:only hydrator', async () => {
 		const html = await fixture.readFile('/client-only/index.html');
 		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
 
-		// test 1: <astro-island> is empty.
-		expect($('astro-island').html()).to.equal('');
-
-		// Has the directive URL
-		expect($('astro-island').attr('directive-url').length).to.be.greaterThan(0);
+		// test 1: <astro-root> is empty.
+		expect($('<astro-root>').html()).to.equal('');
+		// test 2: correct script is being loaded.
+		// because of bundling, we don't have access to the source import,
+		// only the bundled import.
+		expect($('script').html()).to.include(`import setup from '../entry`);
 	});
 });
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/custom-elements.test.js b/packages/astro/test/custom-elements.test.js
index 0a380026ff6c..a00ea6887323 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/custom-elements.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/custom-elements.test.js
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ describe('Custom Elements', () => {
 
 		// Hydration
 		// test 3: Component and polyfill scripts bundled separately
-		expect($('script')).to.have.lengthOf(2);
+		expect($('script[type=module]')).to.have.lengthOf(1);
 	});
 
 	it('Custom elements not claimed by renderer are rendered as regular HTML', async () => {
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/react-component.test.js b/packages/astro/test/react-component.test.js
index ee984e756f80..749fc0c16575 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/react-component.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/react-component.test.js
@@ -42,7 +42,11 @@ describe('React Components', () => {
 			expect($('#pure')).to.have.lengthOf(1);
 
 			// test 8: Check number of islands
-			expect($('astro-island')).to.have.lengthOf(5);
+			expect($('astro-root[uid]')).to.have.lengthOf(5);
+
+			// test 9: Check island deduplication
+			const uniqueRootUIDs = new Set($('astro-root').map((i, el) => $(el).attr('uid')));
+			expect(uniqueRootUIDs.size).to.equal(4);
 		});
 
 		it('Can load Vue', async () => {
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/vue-component.test.js b/packages/astro/test/vue-component.test.js
index 5fd3885baa39..3c57c65447b9 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/vue-component.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/vue-component.test.js
@@ -27,11 +27,18 @@ describe('Vue component', () => {
 			// test 1: renders all components correctly
 			expect(allPreValues).to.deep.equal(['0', '1', '1', '1', '10', '100', '1000']);
 
-			// test 2: renders 3 <astro-islands>s
-			expect($('astro-island')).to.have.lengthOf(6);
+			// test 2: renders 3 <astro-root>s
+			expect($('astro-root')).to.have.lengthOf(6);
 
-			// test 3: treats <my-button> as a custom element
+			// test 3: all <astro-root>s have uid attributes
+			expect($('astro-root[uid]')).to.have.lengthOf(6);
+
+			// test 4: treats <my-button> as a custom element
 			expect($('my-button')).to.have.lengthOf(7);
+
+			// test 5: components with identical render output and props have been deduplicated
+			const uniqueRootUIDs = $('astro-root').map((i, el) => $(el).attr('uid'));
+			expect(new Set(uniqueRootUIDs).size).to.equal(5);
 		});
 	});
 
diff --git a/packages/markdown/remark/src/rehype-islands.ts b/packages/markdown/remark/src/rehype-islands.ts
index a8b78848df89..bbd5847924fa 100644
--- a/packages/markdown/remark/src/rehype-islands.ts
+++ b/packages/markdown/remark/src/rehype-islands.ts
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ const visit = _visit as (
 ) => any;
 
 // This fixes some confusing bugs coming from somewhere inside of our Markdown pipeline.
-// `unist`/`remark`/`rehype` (not sure) often generate malformed HTML inside of <astro-island>
+// `unist`/`remark`/`rehype` (not sure) often generate malformed HTML inside of <astro-root>
 // For hydration to work properly, frameworks need the DOM to be the exact same on server/client.
 // This reverts some "helpful corrections" that are applied to our perfectly valid HTML!
 export default function rehypeIslands(): any {
 	return function (node: any): any {
 		return visit(node, 'element', (el) => {
-			// Bugs only happen inside of <astro-island> islands
-			if (el.tagName == 'astro-island') {
+			// Bugs only happen inside of <astro-root> islands
+			if (el.tagName == 'astro-root') {
 				visit(el, 'text', (child, index, parent) => {
 					if (child.type === 'text') {
 						// Sometimes comments can be trapped as text, which causes them to be escaped
diff --git a/packages/markdown/remark/src/remark-unwrap.ts b/packages/markdown/remark/src/remark-unwrap.ts
index 05f16fbee60c..3ce7a72c0ca2 100644
--- a/packages/markdown/remark/src/remark-unwrap.ts
+++ b/packages/markdown/remark/src/remark-unwrap.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const visit = _visit as (
 	callback?: (node: any, index: number, parent: any) => any
 ) => any;
 
-// Remove the wrapping paragraph for <astro-island> islands
+// Remove the wrapping paragraph for <astro-root> islands
 export default function remarkUnwrap() {
 	const astroRootNodes = new Set();
 	let insideAstroRoot = false;
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ export default function remarkUnwrap() {
 		astroRootNodes.clear();
 
 		visit(tree, 'html', (node) => {
-			if (node.value.indexOf('<astro-island') > -1 && !insideAstroRoot) {
+			if (node.value.indexOf('<astro-root') > -1 && !insideAstroRoot) {
 				insideAstroRoot = true;
 			}
-			if (node.value.indexOf('</astro-island') > -1 && insideAstroRoot) {
+			if (node.value.indexOf('</astro-root') > -1 && insideAstroRoot) {
 				insideAstroRoot = false;
 			}
 			astroRootNodes.add(node);