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core.py
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core.py
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# coding: utf-8
"""
ASN.1 type classes for universal types. Exports the following items:
- load()
- Any()
- Asn1Value()
- BitString()
- BMPString()
- Boolean()
- CharacterString()
- Choice()
- EmbeddedPdv()
- Enumerated()
- GeneralizedTime()
- GeneralString()
- GraphicString()
- IA5String()
- InstanceOf()
- Integer()
- IntegerBitString()
- IntegerOctetString()
- Null()
- NumericString()
- ObjectDescriptor()
- ObjectIdentifier()
- OctetBitString()
- OctetString()
- PrintableString()
- Real()
- RelativeOid()
- Sequence()
- SequenceOf()
- Set()
- SetOf()
- TeletexString()
- UniversalString()
- UTCTime()
- UTF8String()
- VideotexString()
- VisibleString()
- VOID
- Void()
Other type classes are defined that help compose the types listed above.
"""
from __future__ import unicode_literals, division, absolute_import, print_function
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from fractions import Fraction
import binascii
import copy
import math
import re
import sys
from . import _teletex_codec
from ._errors import unwrap
from ._ordereddict import OrderedDict
from ._types import type_name, str_cls, byte_cls, int_types, chr_cls
from .parser import _parse, _dump_header
from .util import int_to_bytes, int_from_bytes, timezone, extended_datetime, create_timezone, utc_with_dst
if sys.version_info <= (3,):
from cStringIO import StringIO as BytesIO
range = xrange # noqa
_PY2 = True
else:
from io import BytesIO
_PY2 = False
_teletex_codec.register()
CLASS_NUM_TO_NAME_MAP = {
0: 'universal',
1: 'application',
2: 'context',
3: 'private',
}
CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP = {
'universal': 0,
'application': 1,
'context': 2,
'private': 3,
0: 0,
1: 1,
2: 2,
3: 3,
}
METHOD_NUM_TO_NAME_MAP = {
0: 'primitive',
1: 'constructed',
}
_OID_RE = re.compile(r'^\d+(\.\d+)*$')
# A global tracker to ensure that _setup() is called for every class, even
# if is has been called for a parent class. This allows different _fields
# definitions for child classes. Without such a construct, the child classes
# would just see the parent class attributes and would use them.
_SETUP_CLASSES = {}
def load(encoded_data, strict=False):
"""
Loads a BER/DER-encoded byte string and construct a universal object based
on the tag value:
- 1: Boolean
- 2: Integer
- 3: BitString
- 4: OctetString
- 5: Null
- 6: ObjectIdentifier
- 7: ObjectDescriptor
- 8: InstanceOf
- 9: Real
- 10: Enumerated
- 11: EmbeddedPdv
- 12: UTF8String
- 13: RelativeOid
- 16: Sequence,
- 17: Set
- 18: NumericString
- 19: PrintableString
- 20: TeletexString
- 21: VideotexString
- 22: IA5String
- 23: UTCTime
- 24: GeneralizedTime
- 25: GraphicString
- 26: VisibleString
- 27: GeneralString
- 28: UniversalString
- 29: CharacterString
- 30: BMPString
:param encoded_data:
A byte string of BER or DER-encoded data
:param strict:
A boolean indicating if trailing data should be forbidden - if so, a
ValueError will be raised when trailing data exists
:raises:
ValueError - when strict is True and trailing data is present
ValueError - when the encoded value tag a tag other than listed above
ValueError - when the ASN.1 header length is longer than the data
TypeError - when encoded_data is not a byte string
:return:
An instance of the one of the universal classes
"""
return Asn1Value.load(encoded_data, strict=strict)
def unpickle_helper(asn1crypto_cls, der_bytes):
"""
Helper function to integrate with pickle.
Note that this must be an importable top-level function.
"""
return asn1crypto_cls.load(der_bytes)
class Asn1Value(object):
"""
The basis of all ASN.1 values
"""
# The integer 0 for primitive, 1 for constructed
method = None
# An integer 0 through 3 - see CLASS_NUM_TO_NAME_MAP for value
class_ = None
# An integer 1 or greater indicating the tag number
tag = None
# An alternate tag allowed for this type - used for handling broken
# structures where a string value is encoded using an incorrect tag
_bad_tag = None
# If the value has been implicitly tagged
implicit = False
# If explicitly tagged, a tuple of 2-element tuples containing the
# class int and tag int, from innermost to outermost
explicit = None
# The BER/DER header bytes
_header = None
# Raw encoded value bytes not including class, method, tag, length header
contents = None
# The BER/DER trailer bytes
_trailer = b''
# The native python representation of the value - this is not used by
# some classes since they utilize _bytes or _unicode
_native = None
@classmethod
def load(cls, encoded_data, strict=False, **kwargs):
"""
Loads a BER/DER-encoded byte string using the current class as the spec
:param encoded_data:
A byte string of BER or DER-encoded data
:param strict:
A boolean indicating if trailing data should be forbidden - if so, a
ValueError will be raised when trailing data exists
:return:
An instance of the current class
"""
if not isinstance(encoded_data, byte_cls):
raise TypeError('encoded_data must be a byte string, not %s' % type_name(encoded_data))
spec = None
if cls.tag is not None:
spec = cls
value, _ = _parse_build(encoded_data, spec=spec, spec_params=kwargs, strict=strict)
return value
def __init__(self, explicit=None, implicit=None, no_explicit=False, tag_type=None, class_=None, tag=None,
optional=None, default=None, contents=None, method=None):
"""
The optional parameter is not used, but rather included so we don't
have to delete it from the parameter dictionary when passing as keyword
args
:param explicit:
An int tag number for explicit tagging, or a 2-element tuple of
class and tag.
:param implicit:
An int tag number for implicit tagging, or a 2-element tuple of
class and tag.
:param no_explicit:
If explicit tagging info should be removed from this instance.
Used internally to allow contructing the underlying value that
has been wrapped in an explicit tag.
:param tag_type:
None for normal values, or one of "implicit", "explicit" for tagged
values. Deprecated in favor of explicit and implicit params.
:param class_:
The class for the value - defaults to "universal" if tag_type is
None, otherwise defaults to "context". Valid values include:
- "universal"
- "application"
- "context"
- "private"
Deprecated in favor of explicit and implicit params.
:param tag:
The integer tag to override - usually this is used with tag_type or
class_. Deprecated in favor of explicit and implicit params.
:param optional:
Dummy parameter that allows "optional" key in spec param dicts
:param default:
The default value to use if the value is currently None
:param contents:
A byte string of the encoded contents of the value
:param method:
The method for the value - no default value since this is
normally set on a class. Valid values include:
- "primitive" or 0
- "constructed" or 1
:raises:
ValueError - when implicit, explicit, tag_type, class_ or tag are invalid values
"""
try:
if self.__class__ not in _SETUP_CLASSES:
cls = self.__class__
# Allow explicit to be specified as a simple 2-element tuple
# instead of requiring the user make a nested tuple
if cls.explicit is not None and isinstance(cls.explicit[0], int_types):
cls.explicit = (cls.explicit, )
if hasattr(cls, '_setup'):
self._setup()
_SETUP_CLASSES[cls] = True
# Normalize tagging values
if explicit is not None:
if isinstance(explicit, int_types):
if class_ is None:
class_ = 'context'
explicit = (class_, explicit)
# Prevent both explicit and tag_type == 'explicit'
if tag_type == 'explicit':
tag_type = None
tag = None
if implicit is not None:
if isinstance(implicit, int_types):
if class_ is None:
class_ = 'context'
implicit = (class_, implicit)
# Prevent both implicit and tag_type == 'implicit'
if tag_type == 'implicit':
tag_type = None
tag = None
# Convert old tag_type API to explicit/implicit params
if tag_type is not None:
if class_ is None:
class_ = 'context'
if tag_type == 'explicit':
explicit = (class_, tag)
elif tag_type == 'implicit':
implicit = (class_, tag)
else:
raise ValueError(unwrap(
'''
tag_type must be one of "implicit", "explicit", not %s
''',
repr(tag_type)
))
if explicit is not None:
# Ensure we have a tuple of 2-element tuples
if len(explicit) == 2 and isinstance(explicit[1], int_types):
explicit = (explicit, )
for class_, tag in explicit:
invalid_class = None
if isinstance(class_, int_types):
if class_ not in CLASS_NUM_TO_NAME_MAP:
invalid_class = class_
else:
if class_ not in CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP:
invalid_class = class_
class_ = CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP[class_]
if invalid_class is not None:
raise ValueError(unwrap(
'''
explicit class must be one of "universal", "application",
"context", "private", not %s
''',
repr(invalid_class)
))
if tag is not None:
if not isinstance(tag, int_types):
raise TypeError(unwrap(
'''
explicit tag must be an integer, not %s
''',
type_name(tag)
))
if self.explicit is None:
self.explicit = ((class_, tag), )
else:
self.explicit = self.explicit + ((class_, tag), )
elif implicit is not None:
class_, tag = implicit
if class_ not in CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP:
raise ValueError(unwrap(
'''
implicit class must be one of "universal", "application",
"context", "private", not %s
''',
repr(class_)
))
if tag is not None:
if not isinstance(tag, int_types):
raise TypeError(unwrap(
'''
implicit tag must be an integer, not %s
''',
type_name(tag)
))
self.class_ = CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP[class_]
self.tag = tag
self.implicit = True
else:
if class_ is not None:
if class_ not in CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP:
raise ValueError(unwrap(
'''
class_ must be one of "universal", "application",
"context", "private", not %s
''',
repr(class_)
))
self.class_ = CLASS_NAME_TO_NUM_MAP[class_]
if self.class_ is None:
self.class_ = 0
if tag is not None:
self.tag = tag
if method is not None:
if method not in set(["primitive", 0, "constructed", 1]):
raise ValueError(unwrap(
'''
method must be one of "primitive" or "constructed",
not %s
''',
repr(method)
))
if method == "primitive":
method = 0
elif method == "constructed":
method = 1
self.method = method
if no_explicit:
self.explicit = None
if contents is not None:
self.contents = contents
elif default is not None:
self.set(default)
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
args = e.args[1:]
e.args = (e.args[0] + '\n while constructing %s' % type_name(self),) + args
raise e
def __str__(self):
"""
Since str is different in Python 2 and 3, this calls the appropriate
method, __unicode__() or __bytes__()
:return:
A unicode string
"""
if _PY2:
return self.__bytes__()
else:
return self.__unicode__()
def __repr__(self):
"""
:return:
A unicode string
"""
if _PY2:
return '<%s %s b%s>' % (type_name(self), id(self), repr(self.dump()))
else:
return '<%s %s %s>' % (type_name(self), id(self), repr(self.dump()))
def __bytes__(self):
"""
A fall-back method for print() in Python 2
:return:
A byte string of the output of repr()
"""
return self.__repr__().encode('utf-8')
def __unicode__(self):
"""
A fall-back method for print() in Python 3
:return:
A unicode string of the output of repr()
"""
return self.__repr__()
def __reduce__(self):
"""
Permits pickling Asn1Value objects using their DER representation.
"""
return unpickle_helper, (self.__class__, self.dump())
def _new_instance(self):
"""
Constructs a new copy of the current object, preserving any tagging
:return:
An Asn1Value object
"""
new_obj = self.__class__()
new_obj.class_ = self.class_
new_obj.tag = self.tag
new_obj.implicit = self.implicit
new_obj.explicit = self.explicit
return new_obj
def __copy__(self):
"""
Implements the copy.copy() interface
:return:
A new shallow copy of the current Asn1Value object
"""
new_obj = self._new_instance()
new_obj._copy(self, copy.copy)
return new_obj
def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
"""
Implements the copy.deepcopy() interface
:param memo:
A dict for memoization
:return:
A new deep copy of the current Asn1Value object
"""
new_obj = self._new_instance()
memo[id(self)] = new_obj
new_obj._copy(self, copy.deepcopy)
return new_obj
def copy(self):
"""
Copies the object, preserving any special tagging from it
:return:
An Asn1Value object
"""
return copy.deepcopy(self)
def retag(self, tagging, tag=None):
"""
Copies the object, applying a new tagging to it
:param tagging:
A dict containing the keys "explicit" and "implicit". Legacy
API allows a unicode string of "implicit" or "explicit".
:param tag:
A integer tag number. Only used when tagging is a unicode string.
:return:
An Asn1Value object
"""
# This is required to preserve the old API
if not isinstance(tagging, dict):
tagging = {tagging: tag}
new_obj = self.__class__(explicit=tagging.get('explicit'), implicit=tagging.get('implicit'))
new_obj._copy(self, copy.deepcopy)
return new_obj
def untag(self):
"""
Copies the object, removing any special tagging from it
:return:
An Asn1Value object
"""
new_obj = self.__class__()
new_obj._copy(self, copy.deepcopy)
return new_obj
def _copy(self, other, copy_func):
"""
Copies the contents of another Asn1Value object to itself
:param object:
Another instance of the same class
:param copy_func:
An reference of copy.copy() or copy.deepcopy() to use when copying
lists, dicts and objects
"""
if self.__class__ != other.__class__:
raise TypeError(unwrap(
'''
Can not copy values from %s object to %s object
''',
type_name(other),
type_name(self)
))
self.contents = other.contents
self._native = copy_func(other._native)
def debug(self, nest_level=1):
"""
Show the binary data and parsed data in a tree structure
"""
prefix = ' ' * nest_level
# This interacts with Any and moves the tag, implicit, explicit, _header,
# contents, _footer to the parsed value so duplicate data isn't present
has_parsed = hasattr(self, 'parsed')
_basic_debug(prefix, self)
if has_parsed:
self.parsed.debug(nest_level + 2)
elif hasattr(self, 'chosen'):
self.chosen.debug(nest_level + 2)
else:
if _PY2 and isinstance(self.native, byte_cls):
print('%s Native: b%s' % (prefix, repr(self.native)))
else:
print('%s Native: %s' % (prefix, self.native))
def dump(self, force=False):
"""
Encodes the value using DER
:param force:
If the encoded contents already exist, clear them and regenerate
to ensure they are in DER format instead of BER format
:return:
A byte string of the DER-encoded value
"""
contents = self.contents
# If the length is indefinite, force the re-encoding
if self._header is not None and self._header[-1:] == b'\x80':
force = True
if self._header is None or force:
if isinstance(self, Constructable) and self._indefinite:
self.method = 0
header = _dump_header(self.class_, self.method, self.tag, self.contents)
if self.explicit is not None:
for class_, tag in self.explicit:
header = _dump_header(class_, 1, tag, header + self.contents) + header
self._header = header
self._trailer = b''
return self._header + contents + self._trailer
class ValueMap():
"""
Basic functionality that allows for mapping values from ints or OIDs to
python unicode strings
"""
# A dict from primitive value (int or OID) to unicode string. This needs
# to be defined in the source code
_map = None
# A dict from unicode string to int/OID. This is automatically generated
# from _map the first time it is needed
_reverse_map = None
def _setup(self):
"""
Generates _reverse_map from _map
"""
cls = self.__class__
if cls._map is None or cls._reverse_map is not None:
return
cls._reverse_map = {}
for key, value in cls._map.items():
cls._reverse_map[value] = key
class Castable(object):
"""
A mixin to handle converting an object between different classes that
represent the same encoded value, but with different rules for converting
to and from native Python values
"""
def cast(self, other_class):
"""
Converts the current object into an object of a different class. The
new class must use the ASN.1 encoding for the value.
:param other_class:
The class to instantiate the new object from
:return:
An instance of the type other_class
"""
if other_class.tag != self.__class__.tag:
raise TypeError(unwrap(
'''
Can not covert a value from %s object to %s object since they
use different tags: %d versus %d
''',
type_name(other_class),
type_name(self),
other_class.tag,
self.__class__.tag
))
new_obj = other_class()
new_obj.class_ = self.class_
new_obj.implicit = self.implicit
new_obj.explicit = self.explicit
new_obj._header = self._header
new_obj.contents = self.contents
new_obj._trailer = self._trailer
if isinstance(self, Constructable):
new_obj.method = self.method
new_obj._indefinite = self._indefinite
return new_obj
class Constructable(object):
"""
A mixin to handle string types that may be constructed from chunks
contained within an indefinite length BER-encoded container
"""
# Instance attribute indicating if an object was indefinite
# length when parsed - affects parsing and dumping
_indefinite = False
def _merge_chunks(self):
"""
:return:
A concatenation of the native values of the contained chunks
"""
if not self._indefinite:
return self._as_chunk()
pointer = 0
contents_len = len(self.contents)
output = None
while pointer < contents_len:
# We pass the current class as the spec so content semantics are preserved
sub_value, pointer = _parse_build(self.contents, pointer, spec=self.__class__)
if output is None:
output = sub_value._merge_chunks()
else:
output += sub_value._merge_chunks()
if output is None:
return self._as_chunk()
return output
def _as_chunk(self):
"""
A method to return a chunk of data that can be combined for
constructed method values
:return:
A native Python value that can be added together. Examples include
byte strings, unicode strings or tuples.
"""
return self.contents
def _setable_native(self):
"""
Returns a native value that can be round-tripped into .set(), to
result in a DER encoding. This differs from .native in that .native
is designed for the end use, and may account for the fact that the
merged value is further parsed as ASN.1, such as in the case of
ParsableOctetString() and ParsableOctetBitString().
:return:
A python value that is valid to pass to .set()
"""
return self.native
def _copy(self, other, copy_func):
"""
Copies the contents of another Constructable object to itself
:param object:
Another instance of the same class
:param copy_func:
An reference of copy.copy() or copy.deepcopy() to use when copying
lists, dicts and objects
"""
super(Constructable, self)._copy(other, copy_func)
# We really don't want to dump BER encodings, so if we see an
# indefinite encoding, let's re-encode it
if other._indefinite:
self.set(other._setable_native())
class Void(Asn1Value):
"""
A representation of an optional value that is not present. Has .native
property and .dump() method to be compatible with other value classes.
"""
contents = b''
def __eq__(self, other):
"""
:param other:
The other Primitive to compare to
:return:
A boolean
"""
return other.__class__ == self.__class__
def __nonzero__(self):
return False
def __len__(self):
return 0
def __iter__(self):
return iter(())
@property
def native(self):
"""
The native Python datatype representation of this value
:return:
None
"""
return None
def dump(self, force=False):
"""
Encodes the value using DER
:param force:
If the encoded contents already exist, clear them and regenerate
to ensure they are in DER format instead of BER format
:return:
A byte string of the DER-encoded value
"""
return b''
VOID = Void()
class Any(Asn1Value):
"""
A value class that can contain any value, and allows for easy parsing of
the underlying encoded value using a spec. This is normally contained in
a Structure that has an ObjectIdentifier field and _oid_pair and _oid_specs
defined.
"""
# The parsed value object
_parsed = None
def __init__(self, value=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sets the value of the object before passing to Asn1Value.__init__()
:param value:
An Asn1Value object that will be set as the parsed value
"""
Asn1Value.__init__(self, **kwargs)
try:
if value is not None:
if not isinstance(value, Asn1Value):
raise TypeError(unwrap(
'''
value must be an instance of Asn1Value, not %s
''',
type_name(value)
))
self._parsed = (value, value.__class__, None)
self.contents = value.dump()
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
args = e.args[1:]
e.args = (e.args[0] + '\n while constructing %s' % type_name(self),) + args
raise e
@property
def native(self):
"""
The native Python datatype representation of this value
:return:
The .native value from the parsed value object
"""
if self._parsed is None:
self.parse()
return self._parsed[0].native
@property
def parsed(self):
"""
Returns the parsed object from .parse()
:return:
The object returned by .parse()
"""
if self._parsed is None:
self.parse()
return self._parsed[0]
def parse(self, spec=None, spec_params=None):
"""
Parses the contents generically, or using a spec with optional params
:param spec:
A class derived from Asn1Value that defines what class_ and tag the
value should have, and the semantics of the encoded value. The
return value will be of this type. If omitted, the encoded value
will be decoded using the standard universal tag based on the
encoded tag number.
:param spec_params:
A dict of params to pass to the spec object
:return:
An object of the type spec, or if not present, a child of Asn1Value
"""
if self._parsed is None or self._parsed[1:3] != (spec, spec_params):
try:
passed_params = spec_params or {}
_tag_type_to_explicit_implicit(passed_params)
if self.explicit is not None:
if 'explicit' in passed_params:
passed_params['explicit'] = self.explicit + passed_params['explicit']
else:
passed_params['explicit'] = self.explicit
contents = self._header + self.contents + self._trailer
parsed_value, _ = _parse_build(
contents,
spec=spec,
spec_params=passed_params
)
self._parsed = (parsed_value, spec, spec_params)
# Once we've parsed the Any value, clear any attributes from this object
# since they are now duplicate
self.tag = None
self.explicit = None
self.implicit = False
self._header = b''
self.contents = contents
self._trailer = b''
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
args = e.args[1:]
e.args = (e.args[0] + '\n while parsing %s' % type_name(self),) + args
raise e
return self._parsed[0]
def _copy(self, other, copy_func):
"""
Copies the contents of another Any object to itself
:param object:
Another instance of the same class
:param copy_func:
An reference of copy.copy() or copy.deepcopy() to use when copying