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Benchmark summary

vSwarm currently supports two kinds of microbenchmarks. One is the multi-function benchmark, which involves synchronous and asynchronous function composition. The other is standalone function benchmark where each function is a single function and not a composition of multiple functions (i.e. no producer-consumer functions).

Multi-function benchmark Summary

Benchmark Knative infra tracing Transfer Types Patterns Num. of Unique Functions
Chained Function Eventing Eventing ✕ inline pipeline 2
Chained Function Serving Serving ✓ s3, inline pipeline, scatter, gather, broadcast 3
Map-Reduce Serving ✓ s3 scatter, gather 3
Corral (word count) Serving ✓ s3 scatter, gather 2
Stacking-Training Serving ✓ s3 broadcast, gather 4
Hyperparameter Tuning Halving Serving ✓ s3 broadcast, gather 3
Video Analytics Serving ✓ s3, inline pipeline, scatter 3
Distributed compilation (gg) Serving ✕ s3 scatter, gather 1
Video decoding (gg) Serving ✕ s3 scatter, gather 1
Fibonacci (gg) Serving ✕ s3 scatter, gather 1

Patterns

  • Pipeline - Describes a 1-to-1 workflow from one function to another, such that a chain of functions are used to execute the benchmark.
  • Broadcast - Describes a pattern whereby one function sends the same payload to multiple recipient functions and awaits their individual replies, similar to publisher-subscriber design pattern. A common example can be seen in distributed ML training where the same training model is passed to multiple consumers.
  • Scatter - Describes a fan-out one-to-many pattern whereby one function sends payloads to multiple recipients. Unlike the broadcast pattern, the sent payloads are different from each other.
  • Gather - Describes a fan-in many-to-one pattern, whereby a consumer retrieves objects from multiple producers, e.g., as in the reduce phase in MapReduce.

Standalone functions benchmark summary

Benchmark Knative infra Tracing Runtimes Languages Implemented gem5 support Architecture
AES Serving ✓ docker, knative Python, Golang, Nodejs ✓ x86, arm64
Auth Serving ✓ docker, knative Python, Golang, Nodejs ✓ x86, arm64
Fibonacci Serving ✓ docker, knative Python, Golang, Nodejs ✓ x86, arm64

Online shop

Benchmark Knative infra Tracing Runtimes Languages Implemented gem5 support Architecture
Cart Service Serving ✕ docker, knative C# ✕ x86, arm64
Product Catalog Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Currency Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Node.js ✓ x86, arm64
Payment Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Node.js ✓ x86, arm64
Shipping Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Email Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Python ✓ x86, arm64
Checkout Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Golang ✕ x86, arm64
Recommendation Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Python ✓ x86, arm64
Ad Service Serving ✕ docker, knative Java ✕ x86, arm64

Hotel App

Benchmark Knative infra Tracing Runtimes Languages Implemented gem5 support Architecture
Geo Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Profile Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Rate Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Recommendation Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Reservation Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
User Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✓ x86, arm64
Search Serving ✓ docker, knative Golang ✕ x86, arm64