diff --git a/bufferoverride/gui/bufferoverrideeditor.cpp b/bufferoverride/gui/bufferoverrideeditor.cpp
index c59b41a1..797f2fd4 100644
--- a/bufferoverride/gui/bufferoverrideeditor.cpp
+++ b/bufferoverride/gui/bufferoverrideeditor.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 #include <array>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <functional>
 
 #include "bufferoverride-base.h"
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ static bool divisorDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
 	int const precision = (inValue <= 99.99f) ? 2 : 1;
 	float const effectiveValue = (inValue < 2.0f) ? 1.0f : inValue;
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.*f", precision, effectiveValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.*f", precision, effectiveValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool bufferSizeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ static bool bufferSizeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -211,13 +212,13 @@ static bool lfoRateGenDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor,
 	{
 		if (std::optional<std::string> const valueString = dgEditor->getparametervaluestring(rateSyncParameterID))
 		{
-			return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s / beat", valueString->c_str()) > 0;
+			return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s / beat", valueString->c_str()) > 0;
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	int const precision = (inValue <= 9.99f) ? 2 : 1;
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.*f Hz", precision, inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.*f Hz", precision, inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool divisorLFORateDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
@@ -232,23 +233,23 @@ static bool bufferLFORateDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEdito
 
 static bool lfoDepthDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool dryWetMixDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool pitchBendRangeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
 	int const precision = (inValue <= 9.99f) ? 2 : 1;
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s %.*f", dfx::kPlusMinusUTF8, precision, inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s %.*f", dfx::kPlusMinusUTF8, precision, inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool tempoDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/dfx-library/dfxplugin-audiounit.cpp b/dfx-library/dfxplugin-audiounit.cpp
index c46e22ca..18499b18 100644
--- a/dfx-library/dfxplugin-audiounit.cpp
+++ b/dfx-library/dfxplugin-audiounit.cpp
@@ -888,9 +888,9 @@ OSStatus DfxPlugin::SetProperty(AudioUnitPropertyID inPropertyID,
 			else
 			{
 #if 0
-				fprintf(stderr, "\tSetProperty(AUHostIdentifier)\n");
+				std::fprintf(stderr, "\tSetProperty(AUHostIdentifier)\n");
 				CFShow(hostID.hostName);
-				fprintf(stderr, "version: 0x%X\n", hostID.hostVersion);
+				std::fprintf(stderr, "version: 0x%X\n", hostID.hostVersion);
 #endif
 			}
 			break;
@@ -1550,8 +1550,8 @@ OSStatus DfxPlugin::ChangeStreamFormat(AudioUnitScope inScope, AudioUnitElement
 									   AudioStreamBasicDescription const& inPrevFormat, 
 									   AudioStreamBasicDescription const& inNewFormat)
 {
-//fprintf(stderr, "\nDfxPlugin::ChangeStreamFormat, new sr = %.3lf, old sr = %.3lf\n\n", inNewFormat.mSampleRate, inPrevFormat.mSampleRate);
-//fprintf(stderr, "\nDfxPlugin::ChangeStreamFormat, new num channels = %lu, old num channels = %lu\n\n", inNewFormat.mChannelsPerFrame, inPrevFormat.mChannelsPerFrame);
+//std::fprintf(stderr, "\nDfxPlugin::ChangeStreamFormat, new sr = %.3lf, old sr = %.3lf\n\n", inNewFormat.mSampleRate, inPrevFormat.mSampleRate);
+//std::fprintf(stderr, "\nDfxPlugin::ChangeStreamFormat, new num channels = %lu, old num channels = %lu\n\n", inNewFormat.mChannelsPerFrame, inPrevFormat.mChannelsPerFrame);
 	// if this AU supports only specific I/O channel count configs, 
 	// then check whether the incoming format is allowed
 	if (!mChannelConfigs.empty())
diff --git a/dfx-library/dfxplugin-rtas.cpp b/dfx-library/dfxplugin-rtas.cpp
index 73a45a7c..fe06d69a 100644
--- a/dfx-library/dfxplugin-rtas.cpp
+++ b/dfx-library/dfxplugin-rtas.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Destroy FX Library is a collection of foundation code 
 for creating audio processing plug-ins.  
-Copyright (C) 2009-2022  Sophia Poirier
+Copyright (C) 2009-2023  Sophia Poirier
 
 This file is part of the Destroy FX Library (version 1.0).
 
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ This is where we connect the RTAS/AudioSuite API to our DfxPlugin system.
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "CEffectTypeAS.h"
 #include "CEffectTypeRTAS.h"
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ ComponentResult bypassResult = GetMasterBypassControl(&bypassControlIndex);
 CPluginControl_Discrete* bypassControl = dynamic_cast<CPluginControl_Discrete*>( GetControl(bypassControlIndex) );
 char bypassName[32] {};
 bypassControl->GetNameOfLength(bypassName, std::size(bypassName) - 1, 0);
-fprintf(stderr, "%s IsAutomatable() = %s (error = %ld)\n", bypassName, bypassControl->IsAutomatable() ? "true" : "false", bypassResult);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "%s IsAutomatable() = %s (error = %ld)\n", bypassName, bypassControl->IsAutomatable() ? "true" : "false", bypassResult);
 */
 }
 
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ ComponentResult DfxPlugin::GetValueString(long inParameterIndex, long inValue, S
 		if (shortValueString != nullptr)
 		{
 			strlcpy((char*)(outValueString + 1), shortValueString, inMaxLength + 1);
-			outValueString[0] = ((signed)strlen(shortValueString) > inMaxLength) ? inMaxLength : strlen(shortValueString);
+			outValueString[0] = (static_cast<long>(std::strlen(shortValueString)) > inMaxLength) ? inMaxLength : std::strlen(shortValueString);
 			return noErr;
 		}
 	}
@@ -681,14 +682,14 @@ CPlugInView* DfxPlugin::CreateCPlugInView()
 
 #else
 	OSType meterFourCharID = 0;
-	OSType meterIDs[EffectLayerDef::MAX_NUM_CONNECTIONS];
+	OSType meterIDs[EffectLayerDef::MAX_NUM_CONNECTIONS] {};
 	for (UInt32 i = 0; i < EffectLayerDef::MAX_NUM_CONNECTIONS; i++)
 	{
 		meterFourCharID = DFX_IterateAlphaNumericFourCharCode(meterFourCharID);
 		meterIDs[i] = meterFourCharID;
 	}
 
-	OSType clipIDs[EffectLayerDef::MAX_NUM_CONNECTIONS];
+	OSType clipIDs[EffectLayerDef::MAX_NUM_CONNECTIONS] {};
 	for (UInt32 i = 0; i < EffectLayerDef::MAX_NUM_CONNECTIONS; i++)
 	{
 		meterFourCharID = DFX_IterateAlphaNumericFourCharCode(meterFourCharID);
diff --git a/dfx-library/dfxplugin-vst.cpp b/dfx-library/dfxplugin-vst.cpp
index f1b7fdd6..43fedfcb 100644
--- a/dfx-library/dfxplugin-vst.cpp
+++ b/dfx-library/dfxplugin-vst.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Destroy FX Library is a collection of foundation code 
 for creating audio processing plug-ins.  
-Copyright (C) 2002-2022  Sophia Poirier
+Copyright (C) 2002-2023  Sophia Poirier
 
 This file is part of the Destroy FX Library (version 1.0).
 
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ bool DfxPlugin::getInputProperties(VstInt32 index, VstPinProperties* properties)
 {
 	if ((index >= 0) && (dfx::math::ToIndex(index) < getnuminputs()) && properties)
 	{
-		snprintf(properties->label, kVstMaxLabelLen, "%s input %d", PLUGIN_NAME_STRING, index + 1);
-		snprintf(properties->shortLabel, kVstMaxShortLabelLen, "in %d", index + 1);
+		std::snprintf(properties->label, kVstMaxLabelLen, "%s input %d", PLUGIN_NAME_STRING, index + 1);
+		std::snprintf(properties->shortLabel, kVstMaxShortLabelLen, "in %d", index + 1);
 		properties->flags = kVstPinIsActive;
 		if (getnuminputs() == 2)
 		{
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ bool DfxPlugin::getOutputProperties(VstInt32 index, VstPinProperties* properties
 {
 	if ((index >= 0) && (dfx::math::ToIndex(index) < getnumoutputs()) && properties)
 	{
-		snprintf(properties->label, kVstMaxLabelLen, "%s output %d", PLUGIN_NAME_STRING, index + 1);
-		snprintf(properties->shortLabel, kVstMaxShortLabelLen, "out %d", index + 1);
+		std::snprintf(properties->label, kVstMaxLabelLen, "%s output %d", PLUGIN_NAME_STRING, index + 1);
+		std::snprintf(properties->shortLabel, kVstMaxShortLabelLen, "out %d", index + 1);
 		properties->flags = kVstPinIsActive;
 		if (getnumoutputs() == 2)
 		{
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ bool DfxPlugin::getProgramNameIndexed(VstInt32 /*inCategory*/, VstInt32 inIndex,
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			snprintf(outText, kVstMaxProgNameLen + 1, "default %" PRIi32, inIndex + 1);
+			std::snprintf(outText, kVstMaxProgNameLen + 1, "default %" PRIi32, inIndex + 1);
 		}
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -405,10 +405,10 @@ void DfxPlugin::getParameterDisplay(VstInt32 index, char* text)
 	switch (getparametervaluetype(parameterID))
 	{
 		case DfxParam::ValueType::Float:
-			snprintf(text, kVstMaxParamStrLen + 1, "%.3f", getparameter_f(parameterID));
+			std::snprintf(text, kVstMaxParamStrLen + 1, "%.3f", getparameter_f(parameterID));
 			break;
 		case DfxParam::ValueType::Int:
-			snprintf(text, kVstMaxParamStrLen + 1, "%" PRIi64, getparameter_i(parameterID));
+			std::snprintf(text, kVstMaxParamStrLen + 1, "%" PRIi64, getparameter_i(parameterID));
 			break;
 		case DfxParam::ValueType::Boolean:
 			vst_strncpy(text, getparameter_b(parameterID) ? "on" : "off", kVstMaxParamStrLen);
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ VstInt32 DfxPlugin::processEvents(VstEvents* events)
 		}
 
 		// cast the incoming event as a VstMidiEvent
-		auto const midiEvent = reinterpret_cast<VstMidiEvent*>(events->events[i]);
+		auto const midiEvent = reinterpret_cast<VstMidiEvent const*>(events->events[i]);
 		// address the midiData[4] string from the event to this temp data pointer
 		auto const midiData = midiEvent->midiData;
 
diff --git a/dfx-library/dfxplugin.cpp b/dfx-library/dfxplugin.cpp
index 6e7985c8..f9c94a55 100644
--- a/dfx-library/dfxplugin.cpp
+++ b/dfx-library/dfxplugin.cpp
@@ -1786,7 +1786,7 @@ void DfxPlugin::processtimeinfo()
 	if (status == noErr)
 	{
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSICAL_TIME_INFO
-fprintf(stderr, "\ntempo = %.2f\nbeat = %.2f\n", tempo, beat);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "\ntempo = %.2f\nbeat = %.2f\n", tempo, beat);
 #endif
 		mTimeInfo.mTempoBPS = bpmToBPS(tempo);
 		mTimeInfo.mBeatPos = beat;
@@ -1794,7 +1794,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "\ntempo = %.2f\nbeat = %.2f\n", tempo, beat);
 		mHostCanDoTempo = true;
 	}
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSICAL_TIME_INFO
-else fprintf(stderr, "CallHostBeatAndTempo() error %ld\n", status);
+else std::fprintf(stderr, "CallHostBeatAndTempo() error %ld\n", status);
 #endif
 
 	// the number of samples until the next beat from the start sample of the current rendering buffer
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ else fprintf(stderr, "CallHostBeatAndTempo() error %ld\n", status);
 		// get the song beat position of the beginning of the current measure
 		mTimeInfo.mBarPos = currentMeasureDownBeat;
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSICAL_TIME_INFO
-fprintf(stderr, "time sig = %.0f/%lu\nmeasure beat = %.2f\n", timeSigNumerator, timeSigDenominator, currentMeasureDownBeat);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "time sig = %.0f/%lu\nmeasure beat = %.2f\n", timeSigNumerator, timeSigDenominator, currentMeasureDownBeat);
 #endif
 		// get the numerator of the time signature - this is the number of beats per measure
 		mTimeInfo.mTimeSignature =
@@ -1821,7 +1821,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "time sig = %.0f/%lu\nmeasure beat = %.2f\n", timeSigNumerator,
 		};
 	}
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSICAL_TIME_INFO
-else fprintf(stderr, "CallHostMusicalTimeLocation() error %ld\n", status);
+else std::fprintf(stderr, "CallHostMusicalTimeLocation() error %ld\n", status);
 #endif
 
 	Boolean isPlaying {};
@@ -1834,13 +1834,13 @@ else fprintf(stderr, "CallHostMusicalTimeLocation() error %ld\n", status);
 	if (status == noErr)
 	{
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSICAL_TIME_INFO
-fprintf(stderr, "is playing = %s\ntransport changed = %s\n", isPlaying ? "true" : "false", transportStateChanged ? "true" : "false");
+std::fprintf(stderr, "is playing = %s\ntransport changed = %s\n", isPlaying ? "true" : "false", transportStateChanged ? "true" : "false");
 #endif
 		mTimeInfo.mPlaybackChanged = transportStateChanged;
 		mTimeInfo.mPlaybackIsOccurring = isPlaying;
 	}
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSICAL_TIME_INFO
-else fprintf(stderr, "CallHostTransportState() error %ld\n", status);
+else std::fprintf(stderr, "CallHostTransportState() error %ld\n", status);
 #endif
 #endif
 // TARGET_API_AUDIOUNIT
@@ -2060,7 +2060,7 @@ DfxPluginCore* DfxPlugin::getplugincore(size_t inChannel) const
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_noteon(int inChannel, int inNote, int inVelocity, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "note on:  note = %d, velocity = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inNote, inVelocity, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "note on:  note = %d, velocity = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inNote, inVelocity, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handleNoteOn(inChannel, inNote, inVelocity, inOffsetFrames);
 	mDfxSettings->handleNoteOn(inChannel, inNote, inVelocity, inOffsetFrames);
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "note on:  note = %d, velocity = %d, channel = %d, sample offset
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_noteoff(int inChannel, int inNote, int inVelocity, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "note off:  note = %d, velocity = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inNote, inVelocity, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "note off:  note = %d, velocity = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inNote, inVelocity, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handleNoteOff(inChannel, inNote, inVelocity, inOffsetFrames);
 	mDfxSettings->handleNoteOff(inChannel, inNote, inVelocity, inOffsetFrames);
@@ -2080,7 +2080,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "note off:  note = %d, velocity = %d, channel = %d, sample offse
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_allnotesoff(int inChannel, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "all notes off:  channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "all notes off:  channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handleAllNotesOff(inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 	mDfxSettings->handleAllNotesOff(inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
@@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "all notes off:  channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inChannel
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_channelaftertouch(int inChannel, int inValue, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "channel aftertouch:  value = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inValue, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "channel aftertouch:  value = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inValue, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handleChannelAftertouch(inChannel, inValue, inOffsetFrames);
 	mDfxSettings->handleChannelAftertouch(inChannel, inValue, inOffsetFrames);
@@ -2100,7 +2100,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "channel aftertouch:  value = %d, channel = %d, sample offset =
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_pitchbend(int inChannel, int inValueLSB, int inValueMSB, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "pitchbend:  LSB = %d, MSB = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inValueLSB, inValueMSB, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "pitchbend:  LSB = %d, MSB = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inValueLSB, inValueMSB, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handlePitchBend(inChannel, inValueLSB, inValueMSB, inOffsetFrames);
 	mDfxSettings->handlePitchBend(inChannel, inValueLSB, inValueMSB, inOffsetFrames);
@@ -2110,7 +2110,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "pitchbend:  LSB = %d, MSB = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_cc(int inChannel, int inControllerNum, int inValue, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "MIDI CC:  controller = 0x%02X, value = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inControllerNum, inValue, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "MIDI CC:  controller = 0x%02X, value = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inControllerNum, inValue, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handleCC(inChannel, inControllerNum, inValue, inOffsetFrames);
 	mDfxSettings->handleCC(inChannel, inControllerNum, inValue, inOffsetFrames);
@@ -2120,7 +2120,7 @@ fprintf(stderr, "MIDI CC:  controller = 0x%02X, value = %d, channel = %d, sample
 void DfxPlugin::handlemidi_programchange(int inChannel, int inProgramNum, size_t inOffsetFrames)
 {
 #ifdef DFX_DEBUG_PRINT_MUSIC_EVENTS
-fprintf(stderr, "program change:  program num = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inProgramNum, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
+std::fprintf(stderr, "program change:  program num = %d, channel = %d, sample offset = %zu\n", inProgramNum, inChannel, inOffsetFrames);
 #endif
 	mMidiState.handleProgramChange(inChannel, inProgramNum, inOffsetFrames);
 }
diff --git a/dfx-library/dfxsettings.cpp b/dfx-library/dfxsettings.cpp
index 9e1ee1d3..f7a5d40a 100644
--- a/dfx-library/dfxsettings.cpp
+++ b/dfx-library/dfxsettings.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ Welcome to our settings persistence mess.
 #include <concepts>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <numeric>
@@ -465,7 +466,7 @@ try
 #endif
 	validateRange(firstNewPresetByteAddress, sizeOfStoredPreset * numStoredPresets, "presets");
 
-	auto const getPresetNameWithFallback = [](std::string_view presetName) -> std::string_view
+	constexpr auto getPresetNameWithFallback = [](std::string_view presetName) -> std::string_view
 	{
 		return presetName.empty() ? "(unnamed)" : presetName;
 	};
@@ -1641,10 +1642,10 @@ void DfxSettings::debugAlertCorruptData(char const* inDataItemName, size_t inDat
 	}
 #elif TARGET_OS_WIN32
 	std::array<char, 512> msg {};
-	snprintf(msg.data(), msg.size(),
-			 "Something is wrong with the settings data! "
-			 "Info for bug reports: name: %s size: %zu total: %zu",
-			 inDataItemName, inDataItemSize, inDataTotalSize);
+	std::snprintf(msg.data(), msg.size(),
+				  "Something is wrong with the settings data! "
+				  "Info for bug reports: name: %s size: %zu total: %zu",
+				  inDataItemName, inDataItemSize, inDataTotalSize);
 	MessageBoxA(nullptr, msg.data(), "DFX Error!", 0);
 #else
 	#warning "implementation missing"
diff --git a/dfxgui/dfxguieditor.cpp b/dfxgui/dfxguieditor.cpp
index 384fbe7f..617ed8ca 100644
--- a/dfxgui/dfxguieditor.cpp
+++ b/dfxgui/dfxguieditor.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 #include <array>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <exception>
 #include <functional>
@@ -769,11 +770,11 @@ void DfxGuiEditor::TextEntryForParameterValue(dfx::ParameterID inParameterID)
 		std::array<char, dfx::kParameterValueStringMaxLength> textValue {};
 		if (GetParameterValueType(inParameterID) == DfxParam::ValueType::Float)
 		{
-			snprintf(textValue.data(), textValue.size(), "%.6lf", getparameter_f(inParameterID));
+			std::snprintf(textValue.data(), textValue.size(), "%.6lf", getparameter_f(inParameterID));
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			snprintf(textValue.data(), textValue.size(), "%ld", getparameter_i(inParameterID));
+			std::snprintf(textValue.data(), textValue.size(), "%ld", getparameter_i(inParameterID));
 		}
 		mTextEntryDialog->setText(textValue.data());
 
@@ -1891,7 +1892,7 @@ void DfxGuiEditor::TextEntryForParameterMidiCC(dfx::ParameterID inParameterID)
 		auto const currentParameterAssignment = getparametermidiassignment(inParameterID);
 		if (currentParameterAssignment.mEventType == dfx::MidiEventType::CC)
 		{
-			snprintf(initialText.data(), initialText.size(), "%d", currentParameterAssignment.mEventNum);
+			std::snprintf(initialText.data(), initialText.size(), "%d", currentParameterAssignment.mEventNum);
 		}
 		mTextEntryDialog->setText(initialText.data());
 
@@ -2776,7 +2777,7 @@ void DfxGuiEditor::ShowMessage(std::string const& inMessage)
 	}
 	if (!shown)
 	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", inMessage.c_str());
+		std::fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", inMessage.c_str());
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/dfxgui/dfxguimisc.cpp b/dfxgui/dfxguimisc.cpp
index 2465a639..b07d6d13 100644
--- a/dfxgui/dfxguimisc.cpp
+++ b/dfxgui/dfxguimisc.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ DGColor DGColor::getSystem(System inSystemColorID)
 			auto const rgbColor = [inColor colorUsingColorSpace:NSColorSpace.sRGBColorSpace];
 			if (rgbColor)
 			{
-//printf("%lf %lf %lf %lf\n", rgbColor.redComponent * 255., rgbColor.greenComponent * 255., rgbColor.blueComponent * 255., rgbColor.alphaComponent);
+//std::printf("%lf %lf %lf %lf\n", rgbColor.redComponent * 255., rgbColor.greenComponent * 255., rgbColor.blueComponent * 255., rgbColor.alphaComponent);
 				return DGColor(static_cast<float>(rgbColor.redComponent), static_cast<float>(rgbColor.greenComponent), 
 							   static_cast<float>(rgbColor.blueComponent), static_cast<float>(rgbColor.alphaComponent));
 			}
diff --git a/eqsync/gui/eqsynceditor.cpp b/eqsync/gui/eqsynceditor.cpp
index c6902c37..d459987e 100644
--- a/eqsync/gui/eqsynceditor.cpp
+++ b/eqsync/gui/eqsynceditor.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 
 #include "eqsynceditor.h"
 
+#include <cstdio>
+
 #include "dfxmisc.h"
 #include "eqsync.h"
 #include "temporatetable.h"
@@ -215,14 +217,14 @@ void EQSyncEditor::OpenEditor()
 		{
 			textProc = [](float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 			{
-				return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f%%", inValue) > 0;
+				return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f%%", inValue) > 0;
 			};
 		}
 		else if (i == kTempo)
 		{
 			textProc = [](float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 			{
-				return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f", inValue) > 0;
+				return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f", inValue) > 0;
 			};
 		}
 		pos.set(wideFaderX + kDisplayOffsetX, wideFaderY + kDisplayOffsetY + (kWideFaderInc * i), kDisplayWidth, kDisplayHeight);
diff --git a/exemplar/exemplar.cpp b/exemplar/exemplar.cpp
index 7d125d47..8182d9b4 100644
--- a/exemplar/exemplar.cpp
+++ b/exemplar/exemplar.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (C) 2006-2022  Tom Murphy 7
+Copyright (C) 2006-2023  Tom Murphy 7
 
 This file is part of Exemplar.
 
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ PLUGIN::PLUGIN(TARGET_API_BASE_INSTANCE_TYPE inInstance)
   std::array<char, 64> bufstr {};
   for (long i=0; i < BUFFERSIZESSIZE; i++) {
     if (buffersizes[i] > 1000)
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld,%03ld", buffersizes[i]/1000, buffersizes[i]%1000);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld,%03ld", buffersizes[i]/1000, buffersizes[i]%1000);
     else
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld", buffersizes[i]);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld", buffersizes[i]);
     setparametervaluestring(P_BUFSIZE, i, bufstr.data());
   }
 
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ void PLUGINCORE::reset() {
       }
 
       nntree = std::make_unique<ANNkd_tree>(cap_point, npoints, DIMENSION);
-      char msg[512];
-      // sprintf(msg, "ok %p", this);
-      // MessageBoxA(0, "match mode", msg, MB_OK);
+      std::array<char, 512> msg {};
+      // std::snprintf(msg.data(), msg.size(), "ok %p", this);
+      // MessageBoxA(0, "match mode", msg.data(), MB_OK);
       #if 0
       std::ofstream f;
       f.open("c:\\code\\vstplugins\\exemplar\\dump.ann");
diff --git a/geometer/geometer.cpp b/geometer/geometer.cpp
index 9f5c249f..177fae5e 100644
--- a/geometer/geometer.cpp
+++ b/geometer/geometer.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ Featuring the Super Destroy FX Windowing System!
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <numbers>
 #include <numeric>
@@ -112,9 +113,9 @@ PLUGIN::PLUGIN(TARGET_API_BASE_INSTANCE_TYPE inInstance)
     std::array<char, dfx::kParameterValueStringMaxLength> bufstr {};
     constexpr int thousand = 1000;
     if (buffersizes[i] >= thousand) {
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%d,%03d", buffersizes[i] / thousand, buffersizes[i] % thousand);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%d,%03d", buffersizes[i] / thousand, buffersizes[i] % thousand);
     } else {
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%d", buffersizes[i]);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%d", buffersizes[i]);
     }
     setparametervaluestring(P_BUFSIZE, static_cast<long>(i), bufstr.data());
   }
diff --git a/geometer/gui/geometereditor.cpp b/geometer/gui/geometereditor.cpp
index 52bb4187..37e2ef5d 100644
--- a/geometer/gui/geometereditor.cpp
+++ b/geometer/gui/geometereditor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (C) 2002-2022  Tom Murphy 7 and Sophia Poirier
+Copyright (C) 2002-2023  Tom Murphy 7 and Sophia Poirier
 
 This file is part of Geometer.
 
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <sstream>
 
 #include "geometer-base.h"
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ void GeometerEditor::OpenEditor() {
 
     // value display
     auto const geometerDisplayProc = [](float value, char * outText, void *) -> bool {
-      return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.7f", value) > 0;
+      return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.7f", value) > 0;
     };
     displays[i] = emplaceControl<DGTextDisplay>(this, param, dpos, geometerDisplayProc,
                                                 nullptr, nullptr, dfx::TextAlignment::Right, dfx::kFontSize_Snooty10px,
diff --git a/midigater/gui/midigatereditor.cpp b/midigater/gui/midigatereditor.cpp
index 9a2703bf..466b3c33 100644
--- a/midigater/gui/midigatereditor.cpp
+++ b/midigater/gui/midigatereditor.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 #include "midigatereditor.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 #include "dfxmath.h"
 #include "dfxmisc.h"
@@ -76,11 +77,11 @@ static bool envelopeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	bool success = false;
 	if (thousands > 0)
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%05.1f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%05.1f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 	dfx::StrlCat(outText, " ms", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength);
 
diff --git a/monomaker/gui/monomakereditor.cpp b/monomaker/gui/monomakereditor.cpp
index aecbc128..2f693eca 100644
--- a/monomaker/gui/monomakereditor.cpp
+++ b/monomaker/gui/monomakereditor.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 
 #include "monomakereditor.h"
 
+#include <cstdio>
+
 #include "monomaker.h"
 
 
@@ -65,13 +67,13 @@ constexpr float kUnusedControlAlpha = 0.36f;
 
 static bool monomergeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, " %.1f%%", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, " %.1f%%", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool panDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
 	char const* const prefix = (inValue >= 0.0005f) ? "+" : "";
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, " %s%.1f%%", prefix, inValue * 100.0f) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, " %s%.1f%%", prefix, inValue * 100.0f) > 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/polarizer/gui/polarizereditor.cpp b/polarizer/gui/polarizereditor.cpp
index 0b62038b..680f29a6 100644
--- a/polarizer/gui/polarizereditor.cpp
+++ b/polarizer/gui/polarizereditor.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 #include "polarizereditor.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 #include "dfxmisc.h"
 #include "polarizer.h"
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ constexpr float kValueTextSize = 16.8f;
 static bool leapDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
 	auto const value_i = static_cast<long>(inValue);
-	bool const success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%ld sample", value_i) > 0;
+	bool const success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%ld sample", value_i) > 0;
 	if (success && (std::abs(value_i) > 1))
 	{
 		dfx::StrlCat(outText, "s", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength);
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ static bool leapDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 
 static bool amountDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue * 10.0f) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue * 10.0f) > 0;
 }
 
 static float amountValueFromTextConvertProc(float inValue, DGTextDisplay*)
diff --git a/rezsynth/gui/rezsyntheditor.cpp b/rezsynth/gui/rezsyntheditor.cpp
index e4c1ffd0..962e0849 100644
--- a/rezsynth/gui/rezsyntheditor.cpp
+++ b/rezsynth/gui/rezsyntheditor.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <map>
 
 #include "dfxmath.h"
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ constexpr float kUnusedControlAlpha = 0.39f;
 
 static bool bandwidthAmountDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
 {
-	auto const success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f", inValue) > 0;
+	auto const success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f", inValue) > 0;
 	if (static_cast<DfxGuiEditor*>(inEditor)->getparameter_i(kBandwidthMode) == kBandwidthMode_Hz)
 	{
 		dfx::StrlCat(outText, " Hz", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength);
@@ -125,18 +126,18 @@ static bool bandwidthAmountDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEdi
 
 static bool numBandsDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool sepAmountDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
 {
 	if (static_cast<DfxGuiEditor*>(inEditor)->getparameter_i(kSepMode) == kSeparationMode_Octaval)
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f semitones", inValue) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f semitones", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 	else  // linear values
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f x", inValue) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f x", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -148,11 +149,11 @@ static bool attackDecayReleaseDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	bool success = false;
 	if (thousands > 0)
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%05.1f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%05.1f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 	dfx::StrlCat(outText, " ms", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength);
 
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ static bool attackDecayReleaseDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 
 static bool percentGenDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, int inPrecision)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.*f%%", inPrecision, inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.*f%%", inPrecision, inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool percentDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
@@ -178,12 +179,12 @@ static bool sustainDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 
 static bool velocityCurveDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool pitchBendDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s%.2f semitones", dfx::kPlusMinusUTF8, inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s%.2f semitones", dfx::kPlusMinusUTF8, inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/scrubby/gui/scrubbyeditor.cpp b/scrubby/gui/scrubbyeditor.cpp
index b7926161..fe2f6c0f 100644
--- a/scrubby/gui/scrubbyeditor.cpp
+++ b/scrubby/gui/scrubbyeditor.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 #include "dfxmisc.h"
 #include "scrubby.h"
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ enum : size_t
 
 static bool seekRangeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f ms", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f ms", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool seekRateGenDisplayProc(float inValue, dfx::ParameterID inParameterID, char* outText, DfxGuiEditor* inEditor)
@@ -162,12 +163,12 @@ static bool seekRateGenDisplayProc(float inValue, dfx::ParameterID inParameterID
 	{
 		if (auto const valueString = inEditor->getparametervaluestring(inParameterID)) //&& (valueString->length() <= 3)
 		{
-			return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s cycles/beat", valueString->c_str()) > 0;
+			return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s cycles/beat", valueString->c_str()) > 0;
 		}
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f Hz", inValue) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f Hz", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 	return false;
 }
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ static bool octaveMinDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	{
 		return dfx::StrLCpy(outText, "no min", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength) > 0;
 	}
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%ld", octaves) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%ld", octaves) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool octaveMaxDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
@@ -201,19 +202,19 @@ static bool octaveMaxDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	}
 	if (octaves == 0)
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "0") > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "0") > 0;
 	}
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%+ld", octaves) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%+ld", octaves) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool tempoDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f bpm", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f bpm", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool predelayDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f%%", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/scrubby/scrubbyprocess.cpp b/scrubby/scrubbyprocess.cpp
index 40dc9894..998eecd7 100644
--- a/scrubby/scrubbyprocess.cpp
+++ b/scrubby/scrubbyprocess.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (C) 2002-2022  Sophia Poirier
+Copyright (C) 2002-2023  Sophia Poirier
 
 This file is part of Scrubby.
 
@@ -299,9 +299,9 @@ void Scrubby::generateNewTarget(size_t channel)
 		mPortamentoStep[channel] = std::pow(std::fabs(targetReadStep) / oldReadStep, 1.0 / static_cast<double>(mMoveCount[channel]));
 		mPortamentoStep[channel] = std::fabs(mPortamentoStep[channel]);
 //auto const ktest = static_cast<long>(std::fabs((targetReadStep * static_cast<double>(mMoveCount[channel])) / std::log(std::fabs(targetReadStep / oldReadStep))));
-//printf("oldReadStep = %.6f\nreadStep = %.6f\ntargetReadStep = %.6f\nportamentoStep = %.6f\nmovecount = %ld\ntargetDistance = %ld\nktest = %ld\n\n", oldReadStep, newReadStep, targetReadStep, mPortamentoStep[channel], mMoveCount[channel], targetDistance, ktest);
-//printf("a = %.3f,\tb = %.3f,\tn = %ld,\tk = %ld\tportamentoStep = %.6f\n", oldReadStep, targetReadStep, mMoveCount[channel], targetDistance, mPortamentoStep[channel]);
-//printf("\noldReadStep = %.6f\treadStep = %.6f\ttargetReadStep = %.6f\tportamentoStep = %.6f\n", oldReadStep, newReadStep, targetReadStep, mPortamentoStep[channel]);
+//std::printf("oldReadStep = %.6f\nreadStep = %.6f\ntargetReadStep = %.6f\nportamentoStep = %.6f\nmovecount = %ld\ntargetDistance = %ld\nktest = %ld\n\n", oldReadStep, newReadStep, targetReadStep, mPortamentoStep[channel], mMoveCount[channel], targetDistance, ktest);
+//std::printf("a = %.3f,\tb = %.3f,\tn = %ld,\tk = %ld\tportamentoStep = %.6f\n", oldReadStep, targetReadStep, mMoveCount[channel], targetDistance, mPortamentoStep[channel]);
+//std::printf("\noldReadStep = %.6f\treadStep = %.6f\ttargetReadStep = %.6f\tportamentoStep = %.6f\n", oldReadStep, newReadStep, targetReadStep, mPortamentoStep[channel]);
 
 #endif
 		newReadStep = oldReadStep;
diff --git a/skidder/gui/skiddereditor.cpp b/skidder/gui/skiddereditor.cpp
index 891d0fd4..f0e601bf 100644
--- a/skidder/gui/skiddereditor.cpp
+++ b/skidder/gui/skiddereditor.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ To contact the author, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "dfxmath.h"
 #include "dfxmisc.h"
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ static bool rateGenDisplayProc(float inValue, dfx::ParameterID inSyncParameterID
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f%s", inValue, inShowUnits ? " Hz" : "") > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f%s", inValue, inShowUnits ? " Hz" : "") > 0;
 	}
 	return false;
 }
@@ -138,16 +140,16 @@ static bool rateRandMinDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
 
 static bool slopeDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f ms", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.3f ms", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool crossoverDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
 	if (inValue >= 1'000.f)
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f kHz", inValue / 1'000.f) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f kHz", inValue / 1'000.f) > 0;
 	}
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f Hz", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.0f Hz", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 static std::optional<float> crossoverTextToValueProc(std::string const& inText, DGTextDisplay* inTextDisplay)
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ static bool gainRandMinDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inUserDat
 	if (success)
 	{
 		// truncate units or any suffix beyond the numerical value
-		std::transform(outText, outText + strlen(outText), outText, [](auto character)
+		std::transform(outText, outText + std::strlen(outText), outText, [](auto character)
 		{
 			return std::isspace(character) ? '\0' : character;
 		});
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ static bool gainRandMinDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void* inUserDat
 
 static bool tempoDisplayProc(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f bpm", inValue) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f bpm", inValue) > 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/slowft/slowft.cpp b/slowft/slowft.cpp
index 5f893354..73882066 100644
--- a/slowft/slowft.cpp
+++ b/slowft/slowft.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (C) 2005-2022  Tom Murphy 7
+Copyright (C) 2005-2023  Tom Murphy 7
 
 This file is part of Slowft.
 
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ PLUGIN::PLUGIN(TARGET_API_BASE_INSTANCE_TYPE inInstance)
   std::array<char, 64> bufstr {};
   for (long i = 0; i < BUFFERSIZESSIZE; i++) {
     if (buffersizes[i] > 1000)
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld,%03ld", buffersizes[i]/1000, buffersizes[i]%1000);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld,%03ld", buffersizes[i]/1000, buffersizes[i]%1000);
     else
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld", buffersizes[i]);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld", buffersizes[i]);
     setparametervaluestring(P_BUFSIZE, i, bufstr.data());
   }
 
diff --git a/transverb/gui/transverbeditor.cpp b/transverb/gui/transverbeditor.cpp
index 616d602a..389e3e57 100644
--- a/transverb/gui/transverbeditor.cpp
+++ b/transverb/gui/transverbeditor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (C) 2001-2022  Tom Murphy 7 and Sophia Poirier
+Copyright (C) 2001-2023  Tom Murphy 7 and Sophia Poirier
 
 This file is part of Transverb.
 
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ static bool bsizeDisplayProcedure(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	bool success = false;
 	if (thousands > 0)
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%05.1f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%05.1f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.1f", inValue) > 0;
 	}
 	dfx::StrlCat(outText, " ms", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength);
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static bool speedDisplayProcedure(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	float semitones = remainder * kSemitonesPerOctave;
 	// make sure that these float crap doesn't result in wacky stuff
 	// like displays that say "-1 octave & 12.00 semitones"
-	snprintf(semitonesString.data(), semitonesString.size(), "%.3f", semitones);
+	std::snprintf(semitonesString.data(), semitonesString.size(), "%.3f", semitones);
 	std::string const semitonesStdString(semitonesString.data());
 	if ((semitonesStdString == "12.000") || (semitonesStdString == "-12.000"))
 	{
@@ -144,19 +144,19 @@ static bool speedDisplayProcedure(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 	{
 		if (octaves == 0)
 		{
-			return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s%.2f semitones", (semitones < 0.000003f) ? "" : "+", semitones) > 0;
+			return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%s%.2f semitones", (semitones < 0.000003f) ? "" : "+", semitones) > 0;
 		}
 		auto const octavesSuffix = (octaves == 1) ? "" : "s";
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "+%d octave%s & %.2f semitones", octaves, octavesSuffix, semitones) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "+%d octave%s & %.2f semitones", octaves, octavesSuffix, semitones) > 0;
 	}
 	else if (octaves == 0)
 	{
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "-%.2f semitones", semitones) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "-%.2f semitones", semitones) > 0;
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		auto const octavesSuffix = (octaves == -1) ? "" : "s";
-		return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d octave%s & %.2f semitones", octaves, octavesSuffix, semitones) > 0;
+		return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d octave%s & %.2f semitones", octaves, octavesSuffix, semitones) > 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ static std::optional<float> speedTextConvertProcedure(std::string const& inText,
 
 static bool feedbackDisplayProcedure(float inValue, char* outText, void*)
 {
-	return snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d%%", static_cast<int>(inValue)) > 0;
+	return std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d%%", static_cast<int>(inValue)) > 0;
 }
 
 static bool distDisplayProcedure(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
@@ -209,11 +209,11 @@ static bool distDisplayProcedure(float inValue, char* outText, void* inEditor)
 	bool success = false;
 	if (thousands > 0)
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%06.2f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%d,%06.2f", thousands, remainder) > 0;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		success = snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f", distance) > 0;
+		success = std::snprintf(outText, DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength, "%.2f", distance) > 0;
 	}
 	dfx::StrlCat(outText, " ms", DGTextDisplay::kTextMaxLength);
 
diff --git a/turntablist/turntablist.cpp b/turntablist/turntablist.cpp
index 5e62d544..6095b920 100644
--- a/turntablist/turntablist.cpp
+++ b/turntablist/turntablist.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ To contact the developer, use the contact form at http://destroyfx.org
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <optional>
 
@@ -257,8 +258,8 @@ void Turntablist::processparameters()
 #pragma mark -
 #pragma mark plugin state
 
-static const CFStringRef kTurntablistPreset_AudioFileReferenceKey = CFSTR("audiofile");
-static const CFStringRef kTurntablistPreset_AudioFileAliasKey = CFSTR("DestroyFX-audiofile-alias");
+static CFStringRef const kTurntablistPreset_AudioFileReferenceKey = CFSTR("audiofile");
+static CFStringRef const kTurntablistPreset_AudioFileAliasKey = CFSTR("DestroyFX-audiofile-alias");
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 OSStatus Turntablist::SaveState(CFPropertyListRef* outData)
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::RestoreState(CFPropertyListRef inData)
 			auto const audioFileUrl = dfx::MakeUniqueCFType(CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath(kCFAllocatorDefault, audioFileUrlString, kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, false));
 			if (audioFileUrl)
 			{
-				FSRef audioFileRef;
+				FSRef audioFileRef {};
 				if (CFURLGetFSRef(audioFileUrl.get(), &audioFileRef))
 				{
 					loadAudioFile(audioFileRef);
@@ -367,8 +368,8 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::RestoreState(CFPropertyListRef inData)
 					auto aliasError = PtrToHand(aliasData, reinterpret_cast<Handle*>(&aliasHandle), aliasDataSize);
 					if ((aliasError == noErr) && aliasHandle)
 					{
-						FSRef audioFileRef;
-						Boolean wasChanged;
+						FSRef audioFileRef {};
+						Boolean wasChanged {};
 						aliasError = FSResolveAlias(nullptr, aliasHandle, &audioFileRef, &wasChanged);
 						if (aliasError == noErr)
 						{
@@ -658,8 +659,8 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::createAudioFileAlias(AliasHandle* outAlias, Size* outDataS
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 OSStatus Turntablist::resolveAudioFileAlias(AliasHandle const inAlias)
 {
-	FSRef audioFileRef;
-	Boolean wasChanged;
+	FSRef audioFileRef {};
+	Boolean wasChanged {};
 	auto status = FSResolveAlias(nullptr, inAlias, &audioFileRef, &wasChanged);
 	if (status == noErr)
 	{
@@ -709,7 +710,7 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::loadAudioFile(FSRef const& inFileRef)
 	if (audioFileNumFrames_temp != static_cast<UInt32>(audioFileNumFrames))  // XXX do something?
 	{
 		// XXX error?
-		fprintf(stderr, PLUGIN_NAME_STRING ":  audio data size mismatch!\nsize requested: %ld, size read: %u\n\n", static_cast<long>(audioFileNumFrames), static_cast<unsigned int>(audioFileNumFrames_temp));
+		std::fprintf(stderr, PLUGIN_NAME_STRING ":  audio data size mismatch!\nsize requested: %ld, size read: %u\n\n", static_cast<long>(audioFileNumFrames), static_cast<unsigned int>(audioFileNumFrames_temp));
 	}
 
 	status = ExtAudioFileDispose(audioFileRef);
@@ -731,7 +732,7 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::loadAudioFile(FSRef const& inFileRef)
 #else
 	UInt8 file[2048] {};
 	AUSDK_Require_noerr(FSRefMakePath(&inFileRef, file, std::size(file)));
-//fprintf(stderr, PLUGIN_NAME_STRING " audio file:  %s\n", file);
+//std::fprintf(stderr, PLUGIN_NAME_STRING " audio file:  %s\n", file);
 
 	SF_INFO sfInfo {};
 	SNDFILE* const sndFile = sf_open(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(file), SFM_READ, &sfInfo);
@@ -741,18 +742,18 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::loadAudioFile(FSRef const& inFileRef)
 		// print error
 		char buffer[256] {};
 		sf_error_str(sndFile, buffer, std::size(buffer) - 1);
-		fprintf(stderr, "\n" PLUGIN_NAME_STRING " could not open the audio file:  %s\nlibsndfile error message:  %s\n", file, buffer);
+		std::fprintf(stderr, "\n" PLUGIN_NAME_STRING " could not open the audio file:  %s\nlibsndfile error message:  %s\n", file, buffer);
 		return sf_error(sndFile);
 	}
 
 #if 0
-	fprintf(stderr, "**** SF_INFO dump for:  %s\n", file);
-	fprintf(stderr, "     samplerate:  %d\n", sfInfo.samplerate);
-	fprintf(stderr, "     frames:  %d (0x%08x)\n", sfInfo.frames, sfInfo.frames);
-	fprintf(stderr, "     channels:  %d\n", sfInfo.channels);
-	fprintf(stderr, "     format:  %d\n", sfInfo.format);
-	fprintf(stderr, "     sections:  %d\n", sfInfo.sections);
-	fprintf(stderr, "     seekable:  %d\n", sfInfo.seekable);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "**** SF_INFO dump for:  %s\n", file);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "     samplerate:  %d\n", sfInfo.samplerate);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "     frames:  %d (0x%08x)\n", sfInfo.frames, sfInfo.frames);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "     channels:  %d\n", sfInfo.channels);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "     format:  %d\n", sfInfo.format);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "     sections:  %d\n", sfInfo.sections);
+	std::fprintf(stderr, "     seekable:  %d\n", sfInfo.seekable);
 #endif
 
 	sf_command(sndFile, SFC_SET_NORM_FLOAT, nullptr, SF_TRUE);
@@ -784,7 +785,7 @@ OSStatus Turntablist::loadAudioFile(FSRef const& inFileRef)
 	if (sizeout != sizein)
 	{
 		// XXX error?
-		fprintf(stderr, PLUGIN_NAME_STRING ":  audio data size mismatch!\nsize-in: %ld, size-out: %ld\n\n", static_cast<long>(sizein), static_cast<long>(sizeout));
+		std::fprintf(stderr, PLUGIN_NAME_STRING ":  audio data size mismatch!\nsize-in: %ld, size-out: %ld\n\n", static_cast<long>(sizein), static_cast<long>(sizeout));
 	}
 
 	if (m_nNumChannels >= 2)
@@ -1006,7 +1007,7 @@ void Turntablist::processaudio(float const* const* /*inAudio*/, float* const* ou
 						#ifdef USE_LIBSNDFILE
 							auto const output = (ch == 0) ? m_fLeft : m_fRight;
 						#else
-							AudioBufferList& abl = m_auBufferList.GetBufferList();
+							AudioBufferList const& abl = m_auBufferList.GetBufferList();
 							size_t ablChannel = ch;
 							if (ch >= abl.mNumberBuffers)
 							{
@@ -1017,7 +1018,7 @@ void Turntablist::processaudio(float const* const* /*inAudio*/, float* const* ou
 									break;
 								}
 							}
-							auto const output = static_cast<float*>(abl.mBuffers[ablChannel].mData);
+							auto const output = static_cast<float const*>(abl.mBuffers[ablChannel].mData);
 						#endif
 
 #ifdef NO_INTERPOLATION
diff --git a/windowingstub/windowingstub.cpp b/windowingstub/windowingstub.cpp
index 99d5446a..08dfd3f7 100644
--- a/windowingstub/windowingstub.cpp
+++ b/windowingstub/windowingstub.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (C) 2002-2022  Tom Murphy 7
+Copyright (C) 2002-2023  Tom Murphy 7
 
 This file is part of Windowingstub.
 
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ PLUGIN::PLUGIN(TARGET_API_BASE_INSTANCE_TYPE inInstance)
   for (long i = 0; i < BUFFERSIZESSIZE; i++) {
     std::array<char, 64> bufstr {};
     if (buffersizes[i] > 1000)
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld,%03ld", buffersizes[i] / 1000, buffersizes[i] % 1000);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld,%03ld", buffersizes[i] / 1000, buffersizes[i] % 1000);
     else
-      snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld", buffersizes[i]);
+      std::snprintf(bufstr.data(), bufstr.size(), "%ld", buffersizes[i]);
     setparametervaluestring(P_BUFSIZE, i, bufstr.data());
   }