diff --git a/src/execution/runtime.rs b/src/execution/runtime.rs
index 1199491..d9aa725 100644
--- a/src/execution/runtime.rs
+++ b/src/execution/runtime.rs
@@ -191,9 +191,8 @@ impl Runtime {
                 trace!("call stack is empty, return");
                 break;
             };
-            let insts = &frame.insts;
             frame.pc += 1;
-            let Some(inst) = insts.get(frame.pc as usize) else {
+            let Some(inst) = frame.insts.get(frame.pc as usize) else {
                 trace!("reach the end of function");
                 break;
             };
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ impl Runtime {
                 Instruction::Loop(block) => {
                     let arity = block.block_type.result_count();
                     let start_pc = frame.pc;
-                    let pc = get_end_address(insts, frame.pc)?;
+                    let pc = get_end_address(&frame.insts, frame.pc)?;
 
                     let label = Label {
                         start: Some(start_pc),
@@ -355,11 +354,11 @@ impl Runtime {
                     let cond: Value = stack.pop1()?;
 
                     // calc pc when the end of block
-                    let next_pc = get_end_address(insts, frame.pc)?;
+                    let next_pc = get_end_address(&frame.insts, frame.pc)?;
 
                     if !cond.is_true() {
                         // if the condition is false, skip the if block
-                        frame.pc = get_else_or_end_address(insts, frame.pc)? as isize;
+                        frame.pc = get_else_or_end_address(&frame.insts, frame.pc)? as isize;
                     }
 
                     // NOTE: if block has no any instruction, just continue
@@ -387,7 +386,7 @@ impl Runtime {
                 }
                 Instruction::Block(block) => {
                     let arity = block.block_type.result_count();
-                    let pc = get_end_address(insts, frame.pc)?;
+                    let pc = get_end_address(&frame.insts, frame.pc)?;
 
                     let label = Label {
                         start: None,
@@ -520,7 +519,7 @@ impl Runtime {
                     let store = self.store.borrow();
                     let memory = store
                         .memory
-                        .get(0)
+                        .first()
                         .with_context(|| Error::NotFoundMemory(dst))?;
                     let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
                     memory.data.copy_within(src..src + len, dst);
@@ -533,7 +532,7 @@ impl Runtime {
                     let store = self.store.borrow();
                     let memory = store
                         .memory
-                        .get(0)
+                        .first()
                         .with_context(|| Error::NotFoundMemory(dst))?;
                     let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
diff --git a/src/execution/store.rs b/src/execution/store.rs
index 3f1f095..93f8c23 100644
--- a/src/execution/store.rs
+++ b/src/execution/store.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl Store {
                 if importers.is_empty() {
                     bail!("not found import module: {}", module_name);
                 }
-                let importer = importers.get(0).unwrap();
+                let importer = importers.first().unwrap();
 
                 match import_info.kind {
                     crate::binary::types::ImportKind::Func(typeidx) => {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ impl Store {
         // table
         if let Some(ref table_section) = module.table_section {
             let table = table_section
-                .get(0) // NOTE: only support one table now
+                .first() // NOTE: only support one table now
                 .with_context(|| "cannot get table from table section")?; // NOTE: only support one table now
             let min = table.limits.min as usize;
 
diff --git a/src/wasi/wasi_snapshot_preview1/preview1.rs b/src/wasi/wasi_snapshot_preview1/preview1.rs
index 0c4a42f..ec4ed3e 100644
--- a/src/wasi/wasi_snapshot_preview1/preview1.rs
+++ b/src/wasi/wasi_snapshot_preview1/preview1.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
 
     fn proc_exit(&self, args: Vec<Value>) -> ! {
         let exit_code: i32 = args
-            .get(0)
+            .first()
             .expect("no any argument in proc_exit")
             .clone()
             .into();
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         let (mut offset, mut buf_offset) = (args[0] as usize, args[1] as usize);
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let env = std::env::vars();
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         let (offset, buf_offset) = (args[0] as usize, args[1] as usize);
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let env = std::env::vars();
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         );
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let file = self
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         );
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let file = self
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         let (mut offset, mut buf_offset) = (args[0] as usize, args[1] as usize);
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let args = std::env::args();
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         let (offset, buf_offset) = (args[0] as usize, args[1] as usize);
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let args = std::env::args();
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         let (mut offset, buf_len) = (args[0] as usize, args[1] as usize);
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let mut rng = thread_rng();
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl WasiSnapshotPreview1 {
         let (fd, offset) = (args[0] as usize, args[1] as usize);
 
         let store = store.borrow();
-        let memory = store.memory.get(0).with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
+        let memory = store.memory.first().with_context(|| "not found memory")?;
         let mut memory = memory.borrow_mut();
 
         let file = self