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funclatency_example.txt
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funclatency_example.txt
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Demonstrations of funclatency, the Linux eBPF/bcc version.
Timing the do_sys_open() kernel function until Ctrl-C:
# ./funclatency do_sys_open
Tracing do_sys_open... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
^C
nsecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 0 | |
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 0 | |
8 -> 15 : 0 | |
16 -> 31 : 0 | |
32 -> 63 : 0 | |
64 -> 127 : 0 | |
128 -> 255 : 0 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 0 | |
1024 -> 2047 : 0 | |
2048 -> 4095 : 124 |**************** |
4096 -> 8191 : 291 |**************************************|
8192 -> 16383 : 36 |**** |
16384 -> 32767 : 16 |** |
32768 -> 65535 : 8 |* |
65536 -> 131071 : 0 | |
131072 -> 262143 : 0 | |
262144 -> 524287 : 0 | |
524288 -> 1048575 : 0 | |
1048576 -> 2097151 : 0 | |
2097152 -> 4194303 : 1 | |
Detaching...
The output shows a histogram of function latency (call time), measured from when
the function began executing (was called) to when it finished (returned).
This example output shows that most of the time, do_sys_open() took between
2048 and 65536 nanoseconds (2 to 65 microseconds). The peak of this distribution
shows 291 calls of between 4096 and 8191 nanoseconds. There was also one
occurrence, an outlier, in the 2 to 4 millisecond range.
How this works: the function entry and return are traced using the kernel kprobe
and kretprobe tracer. Timestamps are collected, the delta time calculated, which
is the bucketized and stored as an in-kernel histogram for efficiency. The
histogram is visible in the output: it's the "count" column; everything else is
decoration. Only the count column is copied to user-level on output. This is an
efficient way to time kernel functions and examine their latency distribution.
Now vfs_read() is traced, and a microseconds histogram printed:
# ./funclatency -u vfs_read
Tracing vfs_read... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
^C
usecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 1143 |**************************************|
2 -> 3 : 420 |************* |
4 -> 7 : 159 |***** |
8 -> 15 : 295 |********* |
16 -> 31 : 25 | |
32 -> 63 : 5 | |
64 -> 127 : 1 | |
128 -> 255 : 0 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 0 | |
1024 -> 2047 : 1 | |
2048 -> 4095 : 0 | |
4096 -> 8191 : 5 | |
8192 -> 16383 : 0 | |
16384 -> 32767 : 0 | |
32768 -> 65535 : 0 | |
65536 -> 131071 : 7 | |
131072 -> 262143 : 7 | |
262144 -> 524287 : 3 | |
524288 -> 1048575 : 7 | |
Detaching...
This shows a bimodal distribution. Many vfs_read() calls were faster than 15
microseconds, however, there was also a small handful between 65 milliseconds
and 1 second, seen at the bottom of the table. These are likely network reads
from SSH, waiting on interactive keystrokes.
Tracing do_nanosleep() in milliseconds:
# ./funclatency -m do_nanosleep
Tracing do_nanosleep... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
^C
msecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 0 | |
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 0 | |
8 -> 15 : 0 | |
16 -> 31 : 0 | |
32 -> 63 : 0 | |
64 -> 127 : 0 | |
128 -> 255 : 0 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 328 |**************************************|
1024 -> 2047 : 0 | |
2048 -> 4095 : 0 | |
4096 -> 8191 : 32 |*** |
8192 -> 16383 : 0 | |
16384 -> 32767 : 0 | |
32768 -> 65535 : 2 | |
Detaching...
This looks like it has found threads that are sleeping every 1, 5, and 60
seconds.
An interval can be provided using -i, and timestamps added using -T. For
example, tracing vfs_read() latency in milliseconds and printing output
every 5 seconds:
# ./funclatency -mTi 5 vfs_read
Tracing vfs_read... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
20:10:08
msecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 1500 |*************************************+|
2 -> 3 : 3 | |
4 -> 7 : 1 | |
8 -> 15 : 2 | |
16 -> 31 : 0 | |
32 -> 63 : 0 | |
64 -> 127 : 4 | |
128 -> 255 : 3 | |
256 -> 511 : 1 | |
512 -> 1023 : 7 | |
20:10:13
msecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 1251 |*************************************+|
2 -> 3 : 3 | |
4 -> 7 : 2 | |
8 -> 15 : 0 | |
16 -> 31 : 2 | |
32 -> 63 : 3 | |
64 -> 127 : 5 | |
128 -> 255 : 5 | |
256 -> 511 : 3 | |
512 -> 1023 : 6 | |
1024 -> 2047 : 2 | |
20:10:18
msecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 1265 |*************************************+|
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 5 | |
8 -> 15 : 9 | |
16 -> 31 : 7 | |
32 -> 63 : 1 | |
64 -> 127 : 2 | |
128 -> 255 : 3 | |
256 -> 511 : 5 | |
512 -> 1023 : 5 | |
1024 -> 2047 : 0 | |
2048 -> 4095 : 1 | |
^C
20:10:20
msecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 249 |*************************************+|
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 0 | |
8 -> 15 : 1 | |
16 -> 31 : 0 | |
32 -> 63 : 0 | |
64 -> 127 : 0 | |
128 -> 255 : 0 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 1 | |
Detaching...
A single process can be traced, which filters in-kernel for efficiency. Here,
the vfs_read() function is timed as milliseconds for PID 17064, which is a
bash shell:
# ./funclatency -mp 17064 vfs_read
Tracing vfs_read... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
^C
msecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 1 |** |
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 0 | |
8 -> 15 : 1 |** |
16 -> 31 : 2 |***** |
32 -> 63 : 0 | |
64 -> 127 : 13 |**************************************|
128 -> 255 : 10 |***************************** |
256 -> 511 : 4 |*********** |
Detaching...
The distribution between 64 and 511 milliseconds shows keystroke latency.
The -F option can be used to print a histogram per function. Eg:
# ./funclatency -uF 'vfs_r*'
Tracing 5 functions for "vfs_r*"... Hit Ctrl-C to end.
^C
Function = vfs_read
usecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 1044 |****************************************|
2 -> 3 : 383 |************** |
4 -> 7 : 76 |** |
8 -> 15 : 41 |* |
16 -> 31 : 26 | |
32 -> 63 : 0 | |
64 -> 127 : 1 | |
128 -> 255 : 0 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 0 | |
1024 -> 2047 : 0 | |
2048 -> 4095 : 4 | |
4096 -> 8191 : 2 | |
8192 -> 16383 : 0 | |
16384 -> 32767 : 0 | |
32768 -> 65535 : 2 | |
65536 -> 131071 : 5 | |
131072 -> 262143 : 5 | |
262144 -> 524287 : 3 | |
524288 -> 1048575 : 7 | |
Function = vfs_rename
usecs : count distribution
0 -> 1 : 2 |**** |
2 -> 3 : 2 |**** |
4 -> 7 : 2 |**** |
8 -> 15 : 0 | |
16 -> 31 : 6 |************* |
32 -> 63 : 18 |****************************************|
Detaching...
USAGE message:
# ./funclatency -h
usage: funclatency [-h] [-p PID] [-i INTERVAL] [-T] [-u] [-m] [-F] [-r]
pattern
Time kernel functions and print latency as a histogram
positional arguments:
pattern search expression for kernel functions
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-p PID, --pid PID trace this PID only
-i INTERVAL, --interval INTERVAL
summary interval, seconds
-T, --timestamp include timestamp on output
-u, --microseconds microsecond histogram
-m, --milliseconds millisecond histogram
-F, --function show a separate histogram per function
-r, --regexp use regular expressions. Default is "*" wildcards
only.
examples:
./funclatency do_sys_open # time the do_sys_open() kernel function
./funclatency -u vfs_read # time vfs_read(), in microseconds
./funclatency -m do_nanosleep # time do_nanosleep(), in milliseconds
./funclatency -mTi 5 vfs_read # output every 5 seconds, with timestamps
./funclatency -p 181 vfs_read # time process 181 only
./funclatency 'vfs_fstat*' # time both vfs_fstat() and vfs_fstatat()
./funclatency -F 'vfs_r*' # show one histogram per matched function