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README.hardware
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Poky Hardware Reference Guide
=============================
This file gives details about using Poky with different hardware reference
boards and consumer devices. A full list of target machines can be found by
looking in the meta/conf/machine/ directory. If in doubt about using Poky with
your hardware, consult the documentation for your board/device. To discuss
support for further hardware reference boards/devices please contact OpenedHand.
QEMU Emulation Images (qemuarm and qemux86)
===========================================
To simplify development Poky supports building images to work with the QEMU
emulator in system emulation mode. Two architectures are currently supported,
ARM (via qemuarm) and x86 (via qemux86). Use of the QEMU images is covered
in the Poky Handbook.
Hardware Reference Boards
=========================
The following boards are supported by Poky:
* Compulab CM-X270 (cm-x270)
* Compulab EM-X270 (em-x270)
* FreeScale iMX31ADS (mx31ads)
* Marvell PXA3xx Zylonite (zylonite)
* Logic iMX31 Lite Kit (mx31litekit)
* Phytec phyCORE-iMX31 (mx31phy)
For more information see board's section below. The Poky MACHINE setting
corresponding to the board is given in brackets.
Consumer Devices
================
The following consumer devices are supported by Poky:
* FIC Neo1973 GTA01 smartphone (fic-gta01)
* HTC Universal (htcuniversal)
* Nokia 770/N800/N810 Internet Tablets (nokia770 and nokia800)
* Sharp Zaurus SL-C7x0 series (c7x0)
* Sharp Zaurus SL-C1000 (akita)
* Sharp Zaurus SL-C3x00 series (spitz)
For more information see board's section below. The Poky MACHINE setting
corresponding to the board is given in brackets.
Poky Boot CD (bootcdx86)
========================
The Poky boot CD iso images are designed as a demonstration of the Poky
environment and to show the versatile image formats Poky can generate. It will
run on Pentium2 or greater PC style computers. The iso image can be
burnt to CD and then booted from.
Hardware Reference Boards
=========================
Compulab CM-X270 (cm-x270)
==========================
The bootloader on this board doesn't support writing jffs2 images directly to
NAND and normally uses a proprietary kernel flash driver. To allow the use of
jffs2 images, a two stage updating procedure is needed. Firstly, an initramfs
is booted which contains mtd utilities and this is then used to write the main
filesystem.
It is assumed the board is connected to a network where a TFTP server is
available and that a serial terminal is available to communicate with the
bootloader (38400, 8N1). If a DHCP server is available the device will use it
to obtain an IP address. If not, run:
ARMmon > setip dhcp off
ARMmon > setip ip 192.168.1.203
ARMmon > setip mask 255.255.255.0
To reflash the kernel:
ARMmon > download kernel tftp zimage 192.168.1.202
ARMmon > flash kernel
where zimage is the name of the kernel on the TFTP server and its IP address is
192.168.1.202. The names of the files must be all lowercase.
To reflash the initrd/initramfs:
ARMmon > download ramdisk tftp diskimage 192.168.1.202
ARMmon > flash ramdisk
where diskimage is the name of the initramfs image (a cpio.gz file).
To boot the initramfs:
ARMmon > ramdisk on
ARMmon > bootos "console=ttyS0,38400 rdinit=/sbin/init"
To reflash the main image login to the system as user "root", then run:
# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.203
# tftp -g -r mainimage 192.168.1.202
# flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1
# nandwrite /dev/mtd1 mainimage
which configures the network interface with the IP address 192.168.1.203,
downloads the "mainimage" file from the TFTP server at 192.168.1.202, erases
the flash and then writes the new image to the flash.
The main image can then be booted with:
ARMmon > bootos "console=ttyS0,38400 root=/dev/mtdblock1 rootfstype=jffs2"
Note that the initramfs image is built by poky in a slightly different mode to
normal since it uses uclibc. To generate this use a command like:
IMAGE_FSTYPES=cpio.gz MACHINE=cm-x270 POKYLIBC=uclibc bitbake poky-image-minimal-mtdutils
Compulab EM-X270 (em-x270)
==========================
Fetch the "Linux - kernel and run-time image (Angstrom)" ZIP file from the
Compulab website. Inside the images directory of this ZIP file is another ZIP
file called 'LiveDisk.zip'. Extract this over a cleanly formatted vfat USB flash
drive. Replace the 'em_x270.img' file with the 'updater-em-x270.ext2' file.
Insert this USB disk into the supplied adapter and connect this to the
board. Whilst holding down the the suspend button press the reset button. The
board will now boot off the USB key and into a version of Angstrom. On the
desktop is an icon labelled "Updater". Run this program to launch the updater
that will flash the Poky kernel and rootfs to the board.
FreeScale iMX31ADS (mx31ads)
===========================
The correct serial port is the top-most female connector to the right of the
ethernet socket.
For uploading data to RedBoot we are going to use tftp. In this example we
assume that the tftpserver is on 192.168.9.1 and the board is on192.168.9.2.
To set the IP address, run:
ip_address -l 192.168.9.2/24 -h 192.168.9.1
To download a kernel called "zimage" from the TFTP server, run:
load -r -b 0x100000 zimage
To write the kernel to flash run:
fis create kernel
To download a rootfs jffs2 image "rootfs" from the TFTP server, run:
load -r -b 0x100000 rootfs
To write the root filesystem to flash run:
fis create root
To load and boot a kernel and rootfs from flash:
fis load kernel
exec -b 0x100000 -l 0x200000 -c "noinitrd console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=jffs2 init=linuxrc ip=none"
To load and boot a kernel from a TFTP server with the rootfs over NFS:
load -r -b 0x100000 zimage
exec -b 0x100000 -l 0x200000 -c "noinitrd console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.9.1:/mnt/nfsmx31 rw ip=192.168.9.2::192.168.9.1:255.255.255.0"
The instructions above are for using the (default) NOR flash on the board,
there is also 128M of NAND flash. It is possible to install Poky to the NAND
flash which gives more space for the rootfs and instructions for using this are
given below. To switch to the NAND flash:
factive NAND
This will then restart RedBoot using the NAND rather than the NOR. If you
have not used the NAND before then it is unlikely that there will be a
partition table yet. You can get the list of partitions with 'fis list'.
If this shows no partitions then you can create them with:
fis init
The output of 'fis list' should now show:
Name FLASH addr Mem addr Length Entry point
RedBoot 0xE0000000 0xE0000000 0x00040000 0x00000000
FIS directory 0xE7FF4000 0xE7FF4000 0x00003000 0x00000000
RedBoot config 0xE7FF7000 0xE7FF7000 0x00001000 0x00000000
Partitions for the kernel and rootfs need to be created:
fis create -l 0x1A0000 -e 0x00100000 kernel
fis create -l 0x5000000 -e 0x00100000 root
You may now use the instructions above for flashing. However it is important
to note that the erase block size for the NAND is different to the NOR so the
JFFS erase size will need to be changed to 0x4000. Stardard images are built
for NOR and you will need to build custom images for NAND.
You will also need to update the kernel command line to use the correct root
filesystem. This should be '/dev/mtdblock7' if you adhere to the partitioning
scheme shown above. If this fails then you can doublecheck against the output
from the kernel when it evaluates the available mtd partitions.
Marvell PXA3xx Zylonite (zylonite)
==================================
These instructions assume the Zylonite is connected to a machine running a TFTP
server at address 192.168.123.5 and that a serial link (38400 8N1) is available
to access the blob bootloader. The kernel is on the TFTP server as
"zylonite-kernel" and the root filesystem jffs2 file is "zylonite-rootfs" and
the images are to be saved in NAND flash.
The following commands setup blob:
blob> setip client 192.168.123.4
blob> setip server 192.168.123.5
To flash the kernel:
blob> tftp zylonite-kernel
blob> nandwrite -j 0x80800000 0x60000 0x200000
To flash the rootfs:
blob> tftp zylonite-rootfs
blob> nanderase -j 0x260000 0x5000000
blob> nandwrite -j 0x80800000 0x260000 <length>
(where <length> is the rootfs size which will be printed by the tftp step)
To boot the board:
blob> nkernel
blob> boot
Logic iMX31 Lite Kit (mx31litekit)
===============================
The easiest method to boot this board is to take an MMC/SD card and format
the first partition as ext2, then extract the poky image onto this as root.
Assuming the board is network connected, a TFTP server is available at
192.168.1.33 and a serial terminal is available (115200 8N1), the following
commands will boot a kernel called "mx31kern" from the TFTP server:
losh> ifconfig sm0 192.168.1.203 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.33
losh> load raw 0x80100000 0x200000 /tftp/192.168.1.33:mx31kern
losh> exec 0x80100000 -
Phytec phyCORE-iMX31 (mx31phy)
==============================
Support for this board is currently being developed. Experimental jffs2
images and a suitable kernel are available and are known to work with the
board.
Consumer Devices
================
FIC Neo1973 GTA01 smartphone (fic-gta01)
========================================
To install Poky on a GTA01 smartphone you will need "dfu-util" tool
which you can build with "bitbake dfu-util-native" command.
Flashing requires these steps:
1. Power down the device.
2. Connect the device to the host machine via USB.
3. Hold AUX key and press Power key. There should be a bootmenu
on screen.
4. Run "dfu-util -l" to check if the phone is visible on the USB bus.
The output should look like this:
dfu-util - (C) 2007 by OpenMoko Inc.
This program is Free Software and has ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
Found Runtime: [0x1457:0x5119] devnum=19, cfg=0, intf=2, alt=0, name="USB Device Firmware Upgrade"
5. Flash the kernel with "dfu-util -a kernel -D uImage-2.6.21.6-moko11-r2-fic-gta01.bin"
6. Flash rootfs with "dfu-util -a rootfs -D <image>", where <image> is the
jffs2 image file to use as the root filesystem
(e.g. ./tmp/deploy/images/poky-image-sato-fic-gta01.jffs2)
HTC Universal (htcuniversal)
============================
Note: HTC Universal support is highly experimental.
On the HTC Universal, entirely replacing the Windows installation is not
supported, instead Poky is booted from an MMC/SD card from Windows. Once Poky
has booted, Windows is no longer in memory or active but when power is removed,
the user will be returned to windows and will need to return to Linux from
there.
Once an MMC/SD card is available it is suggested its split into two partitions,
one for a program called HaRET which lets you boot Linux from within Windows
and the second for the rootfs. The HaRET partition should be the first partition
on the card and be vfat formatted. It doesn't need to be large, just enough for
HaRET and a kernel (say 5MB max). The rootfs should be ext2 and is usually the
second partition. The first partition should be vfat so Windows recognises it
as if it doesn't, it has been known to reformat cards.
On the first partition you need three files:
* a HaRET binary (version 0.5.1 works well and a working version
should be part of the last Poky release)
* a kernel renamed to "zImage"
* a default.txt which contains:
set kernel "zImage"
set mtype "855"
set cmdline "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0 rootdelay=5 fbcon=rotate:1"
boot2
On the second parition the root file system is extracted as root. A different
partition layout or other kernel options can be changed in the default.txt file.
When inserted into the device, Windows should see the card and let you browse
its contents using File Explorer. Running the HaRET binary will present a dialog
box (maybe after messages warning about running unsigned binaries) where you
select OK and you should then see Poky boot. Kernel messages can be seen by
adding psplash=false to the kernel commandline.
Nokia 770/N800/N810 Internet Tablets (nokia770 and nokia800)
============================================================
Note: Nokia tablet support is highly experimental.
The Nokia internet tablet devices are OMAP based tablet formfactor devices
with large screens (800x480), wifi and touchscreen.
To flash images to these devices you need the "flasher" utility which can be
downloaded from the http:https://tablets-dev.nokia.com/d3.php?f=flasher-3.0. This
utility needs to be run as root and the usb filesystem needs to be mounted
although most distributions will have done this for you. Once you have this
follow these steps:
1. Power down the device.
2. Connect the device to the host machine via USB
(connecting power to the device doesn't hurt either).
3. Run "flasher -i"
4. Power on the device.
5. The program should give an indication it's found
a tablet device. If not, recheck the cables, make sure you're
root and usbfs/usbdevfs is mounted.
6. Run "flasher -r <image> -k <kernel> -f", where <image> is the
jffs2 image file to use as the root filesystem
(e.g. ./tmp/deploy/images/poky-image-sato-nokia800.jffs2)
and <kernel> is the kernel to use
(e.g. ./tmp/deploy/images/zImage-nokia800.bin).
7. Run "flasher -R" to reboot the device.
8. The device should boot into Poky.
The nokia800 images and kernel will run on both the N800 and N810.
Sharp Zaurus SL-C7x0 series (c7x0)
==================================
The Sharp Zaurus c7x0 series (SL-C700, SL-C750, SL-C760, SL-C860, SL-7500)
are PXA25x based handheld PDAs with VGA screens. To install Poky images on
these devices follow these steps:
1. Obtain an SD/MMC or CF card with a vfat or ext2 filesystem.
2. Copy a jffs2 image file (e.g. poky-image-sato-c7x0.jffs2) onto the
card as "initrd.bin":
$ cp ./tmp/deploy/images/poky-image-sato-c7x0.jffs2 /path/to/my-cf-card/initrd.bin
3. Copy an Linux kernel file (zImage-c7x0.bin) onto the card as
"zImage.bin":
$ cp ./tmp/deploy/images/zImage-c7x0.bin /path/to/my-cf-card/zImage.bin
4. Copy an updater script (updater.sh.c7x0) onto the card
as "updater.sh":
$ cp ./tmp/deploy/images/updater.sh.c7x0 /path/to/my-cf-card/updater.sh
5. Power down the Zaurus.
6. Hold "OK" key and power on the device. An update menu should appear
(in Japanese).
7. Choose "Update" (item 4).
8. The next screen will ask for the source, choose the appropriate
card (CF or SD).
9. Make sure AC power is connected.
10. The next screen asks for confirmation, choose "Yes" (the left button).
11. The update process will start, flash the files on the card onto
the device and the device will then reboot into Poky.
Sharp Zaurus SL-C1000 (akita)
=============================
The Sharp Zaurus SL-C1000 is a PXA270 based device otherwise similar to the
c7x0. To install Poky images on this device follow the instructions for
the c7x0 but replace "c7x0" with "akita" where appropriate.
Sharp Zaurus SL-C3x00 series (spitz)
====================================
The Sharp Zaurus SL-C3x00 devices are PXA270 based devices similar
to akita but with an internal microdrive. The installation procedure
assumes a standard microdrive based device where the root (first)
partition has been enlarged to fit the image (at least 100MB,
400MB for the SDK).
The procedure is the same as for the c7x0 and akita models with the
following differences:
1. Instead of a jffs2 image you need to copy a compressed tarball of the
root fileystem (e.g. poky-image-sato-spitz.tar.gz) onto the
card as "hdimage1.tgz":
$ cp ./tmp/deploy/images/poky-image-sato-spitz.tar.gz /path/to/my-cf-card/hdimage1.tgz
2. You additionally need to copy a special tar utility (gnu-tar) onto
the card as "gnu-tar":
$ cp ./tmp/deploy/images/gnu-tar /path/to/my-cf-card/gnu-tar