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Pwscf & phonopy calculation

Quantum espresso package itself has a set of the phonon calculation system. But the document here explains how to calculate phonons using phonopy, i.e., using the finite displacement and supercell approach.

Supported Pwscf tags

Currently Pwscf tags that phonopy can read are shown below. Only ibrav = 0 type representation of crystal structure is supported. More tags may be supported on request.

nat, ntyp, ATOMIC_SPECIES, ATOMIC_POSITIONS, CELL_PARAMETERS

How to run

The procedure of Pwscf-phonopy calculation is shown below using the NaCl example found in example/NaCl-pwscf directory.

  1. Read a Pwscf input file and create supercells with :ref:`pwscf_mode` option:

    % phonopy --pwscf -d --dim="2 2 2" -c NaCl.in

    In this example, 2x2x2 supercells are created. supercell.in and supercell-xxx.in (xxx are numbers) give the perfect supercell and supercells with displacements, respectively. In the case of the NaCl example, two files supercell-001.in and supercell-002.in are created. In these supercell files, lines only relevant to crystal structures are given. disp.yaml is also generated, which contains information about supercell and displacements.

  2. To make Pwscf input files, necessary setting information is added to supercell-xxx.in files, e.g., by:

    % for i in {001,002};do cat header.in supercell-$i.in >| NaCl-$i.in; done

    where header.in is specially made for this NaCl example and this file is found in example/NaCl-pwscf directory. This setting is of course dependent on systems and has to be written for each interested system. Note that supercells with displacements must not be relaxed in the force calculations, because atomic forces induced by a small atomic displacement are what we need for phonon calculation.

    Then Pwscf supercell calculations are executed to obtain force on atoms, e.g., as follows:

    % mpirun pw.x -i NaCl-001.in |& tee NaCl-001.out
% mpirun pw.x -i NaCl-002.in |& tee NaCl-002.out

  3. To create FORCE_SETS, that is used by phonopy, the following phonopy command is executed:

    % phonopy --pwscf -f NaCl-001.out NaCl-002.out

    Here .out files are the saved text files of standard outputs of the Pwscf calculations. If more supercells with displacements were created in the step 1, all .out files are given in the above command. To run this command, disp.yaml has to be located in the current directory because the information on atomic displacements stored in disp.yaml are used to generate FORCE_SETS. See some more detail at :ref:`pwscf_force_sets_option`.

  4. Now post-process of phonopy is ready to run. The unit cell file used in the step 1 has to be specified but FORCE_SETS is automatically read. Examples of post-process are shown below.

    % phonopy --pwscf -c NaCl.in -p band.conf
        _
  _ __ | |__   ___  _ __   ___   _ __  _   _
 | '_ \| '_ \ / _ \| '_ \ / _ \ | '_ \| | | |
 | |_) | | | | (_) | | | | (_) || |_) | |_| |
 | .__/|_| |_|\___/|_| |_|\___(_) .__/ \__, |
 |_|                            |_|    |___/
                                      1.11.0

Python version 2.7.12
Spglib version 1.9.2
Calculator interface: pwscf
Band structure mode
Settings:
  Supercell: [2 2 2]
  Primitive axis:
    [ 0.   0.5  0.5]
    [ 0.5  0.   0.5]
    [ 0.5  0.5  0. ]
Spacegroup: Fm-3m (225)
Computing force constants...
Reciprocal space paths in reduced coordinates:
[ 0.00  0.00  0.00] --> [ 0.50  0.00  0.00]
[ 0.50  0.00  0.00] --> [ 0.50  0.50  0.00]
[ 0.50  0.50  0.00] --> [-0.00 -0.00  0.00]
[ 0.00  0.00  0.00] --> [ 0.50  0.50  0.50]
                 _
   ___ _ __   __| |
  / _ \ '_ \ / _` |
 |  __/ | | | (_| |
  \___|_| |_|\__,_|

    pwscf-band

    --pwscf -c NaCl.in is specific for the Pwscf-phonopy calculation but the other settings are totally common among calculator interfaces such as

    % phonopy --pwscf -c NaCl.in --dim="2 2 2" [other-OPTIONS] [setting-file]

    For settings and command options, see :ref:`setting_tags` and :ref:`command_options`, respectively, and for examples, see :ref:`examples_link`.

Non-analytical term correction (Optional)

To activate non-analytical term correction, :ref:`born_file` is required. This file contains the information of Born effective charge and dielectric constant. These physical values are also obtained from the pwscf (pw.x) & phonon (ph.x) codes in quantum-espresso package. There are two steps. The first step is usual self-consistent field (SCF) calculation by and the second step is running its response function calculations under DFPT.

For the SCF calculation, the input file NaCl.in looks like:

 &control
    calculation = 'scf'
    tprnfor = .true.
    tstress = .true.
    pseudo_dir = '/home/togo/espresso/pseudo/'
 /
 &system
    ibrav = 0
    nat = 8
    ntyp = 2
    ecutwfc = 70.0
 /
 &electrons
    diagonalization = 'david'
    conv_thr = 1.0d-9
 /
ATOMIC_SPECIES
 Na  22.98976928 Na.pbe-spn-kjpaw_psl.0.2.UPF
 Cl  35.453      Cl.pbe-n-kjpaw_psl.0.1.UPF
ATOMIC_POSITIONS crystal
 Na   0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000
 Na   0.0000000000000000  0.5000000000000000  0.5000000000000000
 Na   0.5000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.5000000000000000
 Na   0.5000000000000000  0.5000000000000000  0.0000000000000000
 Cl   0.5000000000000000  0.5000000000000000  0.5000000000000000
 Cl   0.5000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000
 Cl   0.0000000000000000  0.5000000000000000  0.0000000000000000
 Cl   0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.5000000000000000
CELL_PARAMETERS angstrom
 5.6903014761756712 0 0
 0 5.6903014761756712 0
 0 0 5.6903014761756712
K_POINTS automatic
 8 8 8 1 1 1

where more the k-point mesh numbers are specified. This may be exectued as:

mpirun ~/espresso/bin/pw.x -i NaCl.in |& tee NaCl.out

Many files whose names stating with pwscf should be created. These are used for the next calculation. The input file for the response function calculations, NaCl.ph.in, is created as follows:

 &inputph
  tr2_ph = 1.0d-14,
  epsil = .true.
 /
0 0 0

Similary ph.x is executed:

% mpirun ~/espresso/bin/ph.x -i NaCl.ph.in |& tee NaCl.ph.out

Finally the Born effective charges and dielectric constant are obtained in the output file NaCl.ph.out. The BORN file has to be created manually following the BORN format (:ref:`born_file`). The BORN file for this NaCl calculation would be something like below:

default value
2.472958201 0 0 0 2.472958201 0 0 0 2.472958201
1.105385 0 0 0 1.105385 0 0 0 1.105385
-1.105385 0 0 0 -1.105385 0 0 0 -1.105385

Once this is made, the non-analytical term correction is included just adding the --nac option as follows:

% phonopy --pwscf --nac -c NaCl.in -p band.conf

pwscf-band-nac