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configure-pi.md

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Setting up a Pi from Scratch

Burn an image to a MicroSD card

There are 2 paths: 1. Use the Raspberry Pi Imager: - https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/ - It can download an image and burn it to a MicroSD card 2. Download an OS image and use Balena Etcher to burn it to a card - https://www.raspberrypi.org/software/operating-systems/ - https://www.balena.io/etcher/

Enable SSH

Before you eject the card, enable SSH. You can do this by adding a file called ssh in the root of the card: - touch /Volumes/boot/ssh - (If you are on a PC the MicroSD card maybe on another path)

Connecting

  • Connect the Pi to ethernet and power it on
  • figure out the IP address for the Pi. You can do this by checking your router's dashboard. Another option is using arp -a. If you only have one Pi on the network, you can also do: ping raspberrypi.local
  • If you don't already have SSH Keys, create them: ssh-keygen
  • Pass the SSH Keys to the Pi: ssh-copy-id [email protected]
  • now test it out: ssh [email protected]

Create an AP

First, update and upgrade:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

We will be following the directions from Raspberry Pi on Creating a Routed AP. I will copy the steps I used, but refer back to this doc if there are doubts or questions.

Install the access point and network management software

Install hostapd, dnsmasq and netfilter stuff

sudo apt install -y hostapd
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y dnsmasq netfilter-persistent iptables-persistent

Create a static IP for WLAN

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

And add the following at the very end:

interface wlan0
    static ip_address=192.168.4.1/24
    nohook wpa_supplicant

Enable routing and IP masquerading

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.d/routed-ap.conf

And add the following:

# https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/access-point-routed.md
# Enable IPv4 routing
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Add Netfilters rule and save it

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo netfilter-persistent save

Configure the DHCP and DNS services for the wireless network

sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.orig
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Now add the following:

interface=wlan0 # Listening interface
dhcp-range=192.168.4.2,192.168.4.20,255.255.255.0,24h
                # Pool of IP addresses served via DHCP
domain=wlan     # Local wireless DNS domain
address=/gw.wlan/192.168.4.1
                # Alias for this router

Turn on Wifi

sudo rfkill unblock wlan

Configure the access point software

sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

Now add the following... Edit the ssid to be unique

country_code=US
interface=wlan0
ssid=SkyScanMega
hw_mode=g
channel=7
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0

Run your new wireless access point

sudo systemctl reboot

After the pi has rebooted, connect to the AP at the SSID you set. Now ssh to it: ssh [email protected]

Turn off

You now effectively have an open AP to your network... probably best to temporarily turn this off: sudo rfkill block wlan

To renable, run the following:

sudo rfkill unblock wlan

Setup SkyScan

I like to store my work in a Projects folder:

mkdir ~/Projects

Now go there and download SkyScan:

cd ~/Projects
git clone https://github.com/IQTLabs/SkyScan.git

Configure the .env file:

cd SkyScan
cp env-example .env
nano .env

Add Docker

Install the following prerequisites:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common -y

Download and install Docker:

curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh && sh get-docker.sh

Give the ‘pi’ user the ability to run Docker:

sudo usermod -aG docker pi

Start the Docker service:

systemctl start docker.service

Verify that Docker is installed and running (You may need to log out and log back in so that your group membership is re-evaluated):

docker info

Install Docker Compose:

sudo pip3 install docker-compose

Logout and log back in again, so the permission changes take affect.

Build containers

cd ~/Projects/SkyScan
docker-compose build

This could take a long, long time....

Setup RTL-SDR

The RTL-SDR dongle is used to receive the ADS-B broadcasts. The following command is required:

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-rtl2832.conf

# Blacklist RTL2832 so docker container piaware can use the device

blacklist rtl2832
blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
blacklist rtl2832_sdr

And then remove the kernel module from memory, in case it already got loaded:

sudo rmmod rtl2832_sdr
sudo rmmod dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
sudo rmmod rtl2832

Configure GPS

Some GPS devices seem to be sensitive to tty echo settings which prevent getting a GPS fix. Use the following command to disable tty echo:

stty -F /dev/ttyACM0 -echo -echoe -echok

Use the following command to verify the GPS device is working:

gpscat /dev/ttyACM0 | gpsdecode

Add Aircraft Database

The Aircraft Database includes a mapping of the ADS-B ID to the make, model, operator, and other info. This data is from the OpenSky Network, and must be downloaded:

mkdir ~/Projects/SkyScan/data
wget https://opensky-network.org/datasets/metadata/aircraftDatabase.csv -P ~/Projects/SkyScan/data

Wrap it up...

Now go back to the readme to finish the config. You will need to get a Flight Aware key.