Static library

[uulm-janbaudisch]

As I closed the original merge request (#161), I wanted to leave it open as an issue at least.
The intend was to make it possible to build the library as a static version. Currently, this is not possible as the static version behaves differently at runtime, resulting in some values being not initialized: #161 (comment)

It would be great if the possibility to build a static library was there. In our use case, we are using Mt-KaHyPar for a Rust project and the Rust ecosystem is usually bundling dependencies as static versions so that the result is a single binary which also makes distribution easier. However, the downside might be that TBB is not supposed to be built statically.