core.jl

# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: http:https://julialang.org/license

# test core language features

const Bottom = Union{}

function testintersect(a, b, result, cmp=is)
    @test cmp(typeintersect(a, b), result)
    @test cmp(typeintersect(b, a), result)
end
isnot(x,y) = !is(x,y)

# basic type relationships
@test Int8 <: Integer
@test Int32 <: Integer
@test Tuple{Int8,Int8} <: Tuple{Integer,Integer}
@test !(AbstractArray{Float64,2} <: AbstractArray{Number,2})
@test !(AbstractArray{Float64,1} <: AbstractArray{Float64,2})
@test Tuple{Integer,Vararg{Integer}} <: Tuple{Integer,Vararg{Real}}
@test Tuple{Integer,Float64,Vararg{Integer}} <: Tuple{Integer,Vararg{Number}}
@test Tuple{Integer,Float64} <: Tuple{Integer,Vararg{Number}}
@test Tuple{Int32,} <: Tuple{Vararg{Number}}
@test Tuple{} <: Tuple{Vararg{Number}}
@test !(Tuple{Vararg{Int32}} <: Tuple{Int32,})
@test !(Tuple{Vararg{Int32}} <: Tuple{Number,Integer})
@test !(Tuple{Vararg{Integer}} <: Tuple{Integer,Integer,Vararg{Integer}})
@test !(Array{Int8,1} <: Array{Any,1})
@test !(Array{Any,1} <: Array{Int8,1})
@test Array{Int8,1} <: Array{Int8,1}
@test !(Type{Bottom} <: Type{Int32})
@test !(Vector{Float64} <: Vector{Union{Float64,Float32}})
testintersect(Vector{Float64}, Vector{Union{Float64,Float32}}, Bottom)

@test !isa(Array,Type{Any})
@test Type{Complex} <: DataType
@test isa(Complex,Type{Complex})
@test !(Type{Ptr{Bottom}} <: Type{Ptr})
@test !(Type{Rational{Int}} <: Type{Rational})
let T = TypeVar(:T,true)
    testintersect(Array{Bottom},AbstractArray{T}, Bottom, isnot)
    testintersect(Tuple{Type{Ptr{UInt8}},Ptr{Bottom}},
                  Tuple{Type{Ptr{T}},Ptr{T}}, Bottom)
    @test !(Type{T} <: TypeVar)

    testintersect(Tuple{Range{Int},Tuple{Int,Int}},Tuple{AbstractArray{T},Dims},
                  Tuple{Range{Int},Tuple{Int,Int}})

    testintersect(Tuple{T, AbstractArray{T}}, Tuple{Number, Array{Int,1}},
                  Tuple{Int, Array{Int,1}})

    testintersect(Tuple{T, AbstractArray{T}}, Tuple{Int, Array{Number,1}},
                  Tuple{Int, Array{Number,1}})

    testintersect(Tuple{T, AbstractArray{T}},Tuple{Any, Array{Number,1}},
                  Tuple{Number, Array{Number,1}}, isequal)
    testintersect(Tuple{Array{T}, Array{T}}, Tuple{Array, Array{Any}}, Bottom, isnot)
    f47{T}(x::Vector{Vector{T}}) = 0
    @test_throws MethodError f47(Array(Vector,0))
    @test f47(Array(Vector{Int},0)) == 0
    testintersect(Tuple{T,T}, Tuple{Union{Float64,Int64},Int64}, Tuple{Int64,Int64})
    testintersect(Tuple{T,T}, Tuple{Int64,Union{Float64,Int64}}, Tuple{Int64,Int64})

    TT = TypeVar(:T)
    S = TypeVar(:S,true); N = TypeVar(:N,true); SN = TypeVar(:S,Number,true)
    testintersect(Type{TypeVar(:T,Array{TT,1})},Type{Array{SN,N}}, Type{Array{SN,1}})
    # issue #5359
    testintersect(Tuple{Type{Array{T,1}},Array{T,1}},
                  Tuple{Type{AbstractVector},Vector{Int}}, Bottom)
    # issue #5559
    testintersect(Tuple{Type{Vector{Complex128}}, AbstractVector},
                  Tuple{Type{Array{T,N}}, Array{S,N}}, Tuple{Type{Vector{Complex128}},Vector}, isequal)
    testintersect(Tuple{Type{Vector{Complex128}}, AbstractArray},
                  Tuple{Type{Array{T,N}}, Array{S,N}}, Tuple{Type{Vector{Complex128}},Vector}, isequal)

    testintersect(Type{Array{T}}, Type{AbstractArray{T}}, Bottom)

    testintersect(Type{Tuple{Bool,Vararg{Int}}}, Type{Tuple{Vararg{T}}}, Bottom)
    testintersect(Type{Tuple{Bool,Vararg{Int}}}, Type{Tuple{T,Vararg{T}}}, Bottom)

    testintersect(Tuple{Rational{T},T}, Tuple{Rational{Integer},Int}, Tuple{Rational{Integer},Int})

    testintersect(Pair{T,Ptr{T}}, Pair{Ptr{S},S}, Bottom)
    testintersect(Tuple{T,Ptr{T}}, Tuple{Ptr{S},S}, Bottom)
end
let N = TypeVar(:N,true)
    testintersect(Tuple{NTuple{N,Integer},NTuple{N,Integer}},
                  Tuple{Tuple{Integer,Integer}, Tuple{Vararg{Integer}}},
                  Tuple{Tuple{Integer,Integer}, Tuple{Integer,Integer}})
    testintersect(Tuple{NTuple{N,Integer},NTuple{N,Integer}},
                  Tuple{Tuple{Vararg{Integer}}, Tuple{Integer,Integer}},
                  Tuple{Tuple{Integer,Integer}, Tuple{Integer,Integer}})
    local A = typeintersect(Tuple{NTuple{N,Any},Array{Int,N}},
                            Tuple{Tuple{Int,Vararg{Int}},Array})
    local B = Tuple{Tuple{Int,Vararg{Int}},Array{Int,N}}
    @test A<:B && B<:A
    testintersect(Tuple{NTuple{N,Any},Array{Int,N}},
                  Tuple{Tuple{Int,Vararg{Int}},Array{Int,2}},
                  Tuple{Tuple{Int,Int}, Array{Int,2}})
end
testintersect(Type{Any},Type{Complex}, Bottom)
testintersect(Type{Any},Type{TypeVar(:T,Real)}, Bottom)
@test !(Type{Array{Integer}} <: Type{AbstractArray{Integer}})
@test !(Type{Array{Integer}} <: Type{Array{TypeVar(:T,Integer)}})
testintersect(Type{Function},UnionType,Bottom)
testintersect(Type{Int32}, DataType, Type{Int32})
@test !(Type <: TypeVar)
testintersect(DataType, Type, Bottom, isnot)
testintersect(UnionType, Type, Bottom, isnot)
testintersect(DataType, Type{Int}, Bottom, isnot)
testintersect(DataType, Type{TypeVar(:T,Int)}, Bottom, isnot)
testintersect(DataType, Type{TypeVar(:T,Integer)}, Bottom, isnot)

testintersect(Tuple{Vararg{Int}}, Tuple{Vararg{Bool}}, Tuple{})
testintersect(Type{Tuple{Vararg{Int}}}, Type{Tuple{Vararg{Bool}}}, Bottom)
testintersect(Tuple{Bool,Vararg{Int}}, Tuple{Vararg{Bool}}, Tuple{Bool,})

let T = TypeVar(:T,Union{Float32,Float64})
    testintersect(AbstractArray, Matrix{T}, Matrix{T})
end
let T = TypeVar(:T,Union{Float32,Float64},true)
    testintersect(AbstractArray, Matrix{T}, Matrix{T})
end

@test isa(Int,Type{TypeVar(:T,Number)})
@test !isa(DataType,Type{TypeVar(:T,Number)})
@test DataType <: Type{TypeVar(:T,Type)}

@test isa(Tuple{},Type{Tuple{}})
@test !(Tuple{Int,} <: Type{TypeVar(:T,Tuple)})
@test isa(Tuple{Int,},Type{TypeVar(:T,Tuple)})

@test !isa(Type{Tuple{Int,Int}},Tuple)
@test !(Type{Tuple{Int,Int}} <: Tuple)
@test Tuple{Type{Int}} <: Tuple{DataType}

@test () != Type{Tuple{}}

# issue #6561
@test issubtype(Array{Tuple}, Array{NTuple})
@test issubtype(Array{Tuple{Vararg{Any}}}, Array{NTuple})
@test !issubtype(Array{Tuple{Vararg{Int}}}, Array{NTuple})
@test !issubtype(Array{Tuple{Int,Int}}, Array{NTuple})
@test !issubtype(Type{Tuple{Void}}, Tuple{Type{Void}})

# this is fancy: know that any type T<:Number must be either a DataType or a UnionType
@test Type{TypeVar(:T,Number)} <: Union{DataType,UnionType}
@test !(Type{TypeVar(:T,Number)} <: DataType)
@test !(Type{TypeVar(:T,Tuple)} <: Union{Tuple,UnionType})
@test Type{TypeVar(:T,Tuple)} <: Union{DataType,UnionType}

# issue #2997
let T = TypeVar(:T,Union{Float64,Array{Float64,1}},true)
    testintersect(T,Real,Float64)
end

# issue #8652
args_morespecific(a, b) = ccall(:jl_args_morespecific, Cint, (Any,Any), a, b) != 0
let T1 = TypeVar(:T, Integer, true), T2 = TypeVar(:T, Integer, true)
    a = Tuple{Type{T1}, T1}
    b2 = Tuple{Type{T2}, Integer}
    @test args_morespecific(a, b2)
    @test !args_morespecific(b2, a)
    a = Tuple{Type{T1}, Ptr{T1}}
    b2 = Tuple{Type{T2}, Ptr{Integer}}
    @test args_morespecific(a, b2)
    @test !args_morespecific(b2, a)
end

# issue #11534
let T = TypeVar(:T, Tuple{Vararg{RangeIndex}}, true)
    t1 = Tuple{AbstractArray, Tuple{Vararg{RangeIndex}}}
    t2 = Tuple{Array, T}
    @test !args_morespecific(t1, t2)
    @test  args_morespecific(t2, t1)
end

# join
@test typejoin(Int8,Int16) === Signed
@test typejoin(Int,AbstractString) === Any
@test typejoin(Array{Float64},BitArray) <: AbstractArray
@test typejoin(Array{Bool},BitArray) <: AbstractArray{Bool}
@test typejoin(Tuple{Int,Int8},Tuple{Int8,Float64}) === Tuple{Signed,Real}
@test Base.typeseq(typejoin(Tuple{ASCIIString,ASCIIString},Tuple{UTF8String,ASCIIString},
                            Tuple{ASCIIString,UTF8String},Tuple{Int,ASCIIString,Int}),
                   Tuple{Any,AbstractString,Vararg{Int}})
@test Base.typeseq(typejoin(Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Int}},Tuple{Int8,Int8}),
                   Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Signed}})
@test Base.typeseq(typejoin(Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Int}},Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Int8}}),
                   Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Signed}})
@test Base.typeseq(typejoin(Tuple{Int8,UInt8,Vararg{Int}},Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Int8}}),
                   Tuple{Int8,Vararg{Integer}})
@test Base.typeseq(typejoin(Union{Int,AbstractString},Int), Union{Int,AbstractString})
@test Base.typeseq(typejoin(Union{Int,AbstractString},Int8), Any)

# typejoin associativity
abstract Foo____{K}
type Wow____{K,V} <: Foo____{K} end
type Bar____{K,V} <: Foo____{K} end
let
    a = Wow____{Int64, Int64}
    b = Wow____{Int64, Float64}
    c = Bar____{Int64, Int64}
    @test typejoin(typejoin(b,c), a) == typejoin(typejoin(b,a), c) == Foo____{Int64}
end

@test promote_type(Bool,Bottom) === Bool

# ntuples
nttest1{n}(x::NTuple{n,Int}) = n
@test nttest1(()) == 0
@test nttest1((1,2)) == 2
@test NTuple <: Tuple
@test NTuple{TypeVar(:T),Int32} <: Tuple{Vararg{Int32}}
@test !(NTuple{TypeVar(:T),Int32} <: Tuple{Int32,Vararg{Int32}})
@test Tuple{Vararg{Int32}} <: NTuple{TypeVar(:T),Int32}
@test Tuple{Int32,Vararg{Int32}} <: NTuple{TypeVar(:T),Int32}

# type declarations

abstract Sup_{A,B}
abstract Qux_{T} <: Sup_{Qux_{Int},T}

@test Qux_{Int}.super <: Sup_
@test is(Qux_{Int}, Qux_{Int}.super.parameters[1])
@test is(Qux_{Int}.super.parameters[2], Int)
@test Qux_{Char}.super <: Sup_
@test is(Qux_{Int}, Qux_{Char}.super.parameters[1])
@test is(Qux_{Char}.super.parameters[2], Char)

@test Qux_.super.parameters[1].super <: Sup_
@test is(Qux_{Int}, Qux_.super.parameters[1].super.parameters[1])
@test is(Int, Qux_.super.parameters[1].super.parameters[2])

type Foo_{T} x::Foo_{Int} end

@test is(Foo_.types[1], Foo_{Int})
@test is(Foo_.types[1].types[1], Foo_{Int})

type Circ_{T} x::Circ_{T} end
@test is(Circ_{Int}, Circ_{Int}.types[1])

# issue #3890
type A3890{T1}
    x::Matrix{Complex{T1}}
end
@test A3890{Float64}.types[1] === Array{Complex{Float64},2}
# make sure the field type Matrix{Complex{T1}} isn't cached
type B3890{T2}
    x::Matrix{Complex{T2}}
end
@test B3890{Float64}.types[1] === Array{Complex{Float64},2}

# issue #786
type Node{T}
    v::Vector{Node}
end

@test is(Node{Int}.types[1].parameters[1], Node)

type Node2{T}
    v::Vector{Node2{T}}
end

@test is(Node2{Int}.types[1].parameters[1], Node2{Int})

type FooFoo{A,B} y::FooFoo{A} end

@test FooFoo{Int} <: FooFoo{Int,AbstractString}.types[1]


let x = (2,3)
    @test +(x...) == 5
end

# bits types
if WORD_SIZE == 64
    @test isa((()->Intrinsics.box(Ptr{Int8},Intrinsics.unbox(Int64,0)))(), Ptr{Int8})
else
    @test isa((()->Intrinsics.box(Ptr{Int8},Intrinsics.unbox(Int32,0)))(), Ptr{Int8})
end
@test isa(convert(Char,65), Char)

# conversions
function fooo()
    local x::Int8
    x = 100
    x
end
@test fooo() === convert(Int8,100)
function fooo_2()
    local x::Int8
    x = 100
end
@test fooo_2() === 100
function fooo_3()
    local x::Int8
    y = x = 100
    @test isa(x,Int8)
    y
end
@test fooo_3() === 100
function foo()
    local x::Int8
    function bar()
        x = 100
    end
    bar()
    x
end
@test foo() === convert(Int8,100)

function bar{T}(x::T)
    local z::Complex{T}
    z = x
    z
end
@test bar(3.0) == Complex(3.0,0.0)

z = convert(Complex{Float64},2)
@test z == Complex(2.0,0.0)

# misc
fib(n) = n < 2 ? n : fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
@test fib(20) == 6765

# static parameters
sptest1{T}(x::T, y::T) = 42
sptest1{T,S}(x::T, y::S) = 43
@test sptest1(1,2) == 42
@test sptest1(1,"b") == 43

sptest2{T}(x::T) = T
@test is(sptest2(:a),Symbol)

sptest3{T}(x::T) = y->T
let m = sptest3(:a)
    @test is(m(0),Symbol)
end

sptest4{T}(x::T, y::T) = 42
sptest4{T}(x::T, y) = 44
@test sptest4(1,2) == 42
@test sptest4(1, "cat") == 44

# closures
function clotest()
    c = 0
    function inc()
        c += 1
    end
    function dec()
        c -= 1
    end
    inc(); inc()
    @test c == 2
    dec()
    @test c == 1
    @test (()->c)() == 1

    fibb(n) = n < 2 ? n : fibb(n-1)+fibb(n-2)
    @test fibb(10) == 55

    return (n->(c+=n), ()->c)
end
let T = clotest()
    (inc, C) = T
    inc(11)
    @test C() == 12
end

Yc(f) = (h->f(x->h(h)(x)))(h->f(x->h(h)(x)))
yfib = Yc(fib->(n->(n < 2 ? n : fib(n-1) + fib(n-2))))
@test yfib(20) == 6765

# variable scope, globals
glob_x = 23
function glotest()
    global glob_x
    glob_x = 24
    loc_x = 8
    function inner()
        global loc_x = 10
        glob_x = 88
    end
    function inner2()
        local glob_x  # override
        global loc_x
        glob_x = 2
        @test glob_x == 2
        @test loc_x == 10
    end
    inner()
    inner2()
    @test glob_x == 88
    @test loc_x == 8
end
glotest()
@test glob_x == 88
@test loc_x == 10

# issue #7234
begin
    glob_x2 = 24
    f7234() = (glob_x2 += 1)
end
@test_throws UndefVarError f7234()
begin
    global glob_x2 = 24
    f7234() = (glob_x2 += 1)
end
@test_throws UndefVarError f7234()
# existing globals can be inherited by non-function blocks
for i = 1:2
    glob_x2 += 1
end
@test glob_x2 == 26
# globals declared as such in a non-global scope are inherited
let
    global glob_x3 = 11
    f7234_2() = (glob_x3 += 1)
    f7234_2()
end
@test glob_x3 == 12

# issue #7272
@test expand(parse("let
              global x = 2
              local x = 1
              end")) == Expr(:error, "variable \"x\" declared both local and global")

# let - new variables, including undefinedness
function let_undef()
    first = true
    for i = 1:2
        let x
            if first; x=1; first=false; end
            x+1
        end
    end
end
@test_throws UndefVarError let_undef()

# const implies local in a local scope block
function const_implies_local()
    let
        x = 1
        local y
        let
            const x = 0
            y = x
        end
        x, y
    end
end
@test const_implies_local() === (1, 0)

a = cell(3)
for i=1:3
    let ii = i
        a[i] = x->x+ii
    end
end
@test a[1](10) == 11
@test a[2](10) == 12
@test a[3](10) == 13

# ? syntax
@test (true ? 1 : false ? 2 : 3) == 1

# issue #7252
let
    local a
    1 > 0 ? a=2 : a=3
    @test a == 2
    1 < 0 ? a=2 : a=3
    @test a == 3
end

# tricky space sensitive syntax cases
@test [-1 ~1] == [(-1) (~1)]

# undefinedness
type UndefField
    field
    UndefField() = new()
end

let
    local a
    a = cell(2)
    @test !isdefined(a,1) && !isdefined(a,2)
    a[1] = 1
    @test isdefined(a,1) && !isdefined(a,2)
    a = Array(Float64,1)
    @test isdefined(a,1)
    @test isdefined(a)
    @test !isdefined(a,2)

    a = UndefField()
    @test !isdefined(a, :field)
    @test !isdefined(a, :foo)
    @test !isdefined(2, :a)

    @test  isdefined("a",:data)
    @test  isdefined("a", 1)
    @test !isdefined("a", 2)

    @test_throws TypeError isdefined(2)
end

let
    local a
    a = cell(2)
    @test !isassigned(a,1) && !isassigned(a,2)
    a[1] = 1
    @test isassigned(a,1) && !isassigned(a,2)
    a = Array(Float64,1)
    @test isassigned(a,1)
    @test isassigned(a)
    @test !isassigned(a,2)
end

# isassigned, issue #11167
type Type11167{T,N} end
Type11167{Int,2}
@test !isassigned(Type11167.name.cache, 0)
@test isassigned(Type11167.name.cache, 1)
@test !isassigned(Type11167.name.cache, 2)
Type11167{Float32,5}
@test isassigned(Type11167.name.cache, 2)
@test !isassigned(Type11167.name.cache, 3)

# dispatch
let
    local foo, bar, baz
    foo(x::Tuple{Vararg{Any}})=0
    foo(x::Tuple{Vararg{Integer}})=1
    @test foo((:a,))==0
    @test foo(( 2,))==1

    bar{T}(x::Tuple{T,T,T,T})=1
    bar(x::Tuple{Any,Any,Any,Any})=2
    @test bar((1,1,1,1)) == 1
    @test bar((1,1,1,"a")) == 2
    @test bar((:a,:a,:a,:a)) == 1

    baz(::Type{Rational}) = 1
    baz{T}(::Type{Rational{T}}) = 2
    @test baz(Rational) == 1
    @test baz(Rational{Int}) == 2
end

let
    local mytype
    function mytype(vec)
        convert(Vector{Tuple{ASCIIString, DataType}}, vec)
    end
    some_data = Any[("a", Int32), ("b", Int32)]
    @test isa(mytype(some_data),Vector{Tuple{ASCIIString, DataType}})
end

type MyArray{N} <: AbstractArray{Int, N}
end
let
    local x
    x = MyArray{1}()
    foob(x::AbstractArray)=0
    foob{T}(x::AbstractVector{T})=1
    @test foob(x) == 1
end

let
    local f, g, a
    f{T}(a::Vector{Vector{T}}) = a
    g{T}(a::Vector{Vector{T}}) = a
    a = Vector{Int}[]
    @test is(f(a), a)
    @test is(g(a), a)
end

type _AA{T}; a::T; end
typealias _AoA{T} _AA{_AA{T}}
let
    local g, a
    g{T}(a::_AA{_AA{T}}) = a
    a = _AA(_AA(1))
    @test is(g(a),a)
end

# dispatch using Val{T}. See discussion in #9452 for instances vs types
let
    local firstlast
    firstlast(::Type{Val{true}}) = "First"
    firstlast(::Type{Val{false}}) = "Last"

    @test firstlast(Val{true}) == "First"
    @test firstlast(Val{false}) == "Last"
end

# x::Vararg{Any} declarations
let
    local f1, f2, f3
    f1(x...) = [x...]
    f2(x::Vararg{Any}) = [x...]
    f3(x::Vararg) = [x...]
    @test f1(1,2,3) == [1,2,3]
    @test f2(1,2,3) == [1,2,3]
    @test f3(1,2,3) == [1,2,3]
end

# try/finally
begin
    after = 0
    b = try
        1+2
    finally
        after = 1
    end
    @test b == 3
    @test after == 1

    after = 0
    gothere = 0
    try
        try
            error(" ")
        finally
            after = 1
        end
        gothere = 1
    end
    @test after == 1
    @test gothere == 0

    after = 0
    b = try
        error(" ")
    catch
        42
    finally
        after = 1
    end
    @test b == 42
    @test after == 1

    glo = 0
    function retfinally()
        try
            return 5
        finally
            global glo = 18
        end
    end
    @test retfinally() == 5
    @test glo == 18

    @test try error() end === nothing
end

# finalizers
let A = [1]
    local x = 0
    finalizer(A, a->(x+=1))
    finalize(A)
    @test x == 1
    A = 0
    gc(); gc()
    @test x == 1
end

# Module() constructor
@test names(Module(:anonymous), true, true) != [:anonymous]
@test names(Module(:anonymous, false), true, true) == [:anonymous]

# exception from __init__()
@test_throws InitError include_string(
    """
    module TestInitError
        __init__() = error()
    end
    """)

# issue #7307
function test7307(a, ret)
    try
        try
            ret && return a
        finally
            push!(a, "inner")
        end
    finally
        push!(a, "outer")
    end
    return a
end
@test test7307([], true) == ["inner","outer"]
@test test7307([], false) == ["inner","outer"]

# issue #8277
function test8277(a)
    i = 0
    for j=1:2
        try
            if i == 0
                push!(a,0)
            end
            i += 1
            error()
        catch
        end
    end
end
let a = []
    test8277(a)
    @test length(a) == 1
end

# chained and multiple assignment behavior (issue #2913)
let
    local x, a, b, c, d, e
    x = (a,b,b,b,e) = (1,2,3,4,5)
    @test x === (1,2,3,4,5)
    @test a == 1
    @test b == 4
    @test e == 5
    x = (a,b,b,e) = (1,2,3,4,5)
    @test x === (1,2,3,4,5)
    @test a == 1
    @test b == 3
    @test e == 4

    a = complex(1,2)
    b = 3
    b, a = a.re, b
    @test b == 1
    @test a == 3
    a = complex(1,2)
    b = 3
    a, b = b, a.re
    @test a == 3
    @test b == 1
end

# accessing fields by index
let
    local z = complex(3, 4)
    v = Int[0,0]
    for i=1:2
        v[i] = getfield(z, i)
    end
    @test v == [3,4]
    @test_throws BoundsError getfield(z, -1)
    @test_throws BoundsError getfield(z, 0)
    @test_throws BoundsError getfield(z, 3)

    strct = LoadError("", 0, "")
    setfield!(strct, 2, 8)
    @test strct.line == 8
    setfield!(strct, 3, "hi")
    @test strct.error == "hi"
    setfield!(strct, 1, "yo")
    @test strct.file == "yo"
    @test_throws BoundsError getfield(strct, 10)
    @test_throws BoundsError setfield!(strct, 0, "")
    @test_throws BoundsError setfield!(strct, 4, "")
end

# allow typevar in Union to match as long as the arguments contain
# sufficient information
# issue #814
let
    local MatOrNot, my_func, M
    typealias MatOrNot{T} Union{AbstractMatrix{T}, Vector{Union{}}}
    my_func{T<:Real}(A::MatOrNot{T}, B::MatOrNot{T}, C::MatOrNot{T}) = 0
    M = [ 2. 1. ; 1. 1. ]
    @test my_func(Union{}[], M, M) == 0
end

let
    local my_func, a, c
    my_func{T}(P::Vector{T}, Q::Vector{T}) = 0
    my_func{T}(x::T, P::Vector{T}) = 1
    # todo: this gives an ambiguity warning
    #my_func{T}(P::Vector{T}, x::T) = 2
    a = Int[3]
    c = Vector[a]

    @test my_func(c,c)==0
    @test my_func(a,c)==1
end

let
    local baar, foor, boor
    # issue #1131
    baar(x::DataType) = 0
    baar(x::UnionType) = 1
    baar(x::TypeConstructor) = 2
    @test baar(StridedArray) == 2
    @test baar(StridedArray.body) == 1
    @test baar(Vector) == 2
    @test baar(Vector.body) == 0

    boor(x) = 0
    boor(x::UnionType) = 1
    @test boor(StridedArray) == 0
    @test boor(StridedArray.body) == 1

    # issue #1202
    foor(x::UnionType) = 1
    @test_throws MethodError foor(StridedArray)
    @test foor(StridedArray.body) == 1
    @test_throws MethodError foor(StridedArray)
end

# issue #1153
type SI{m, s, kg}
    value::AbstractFloat
end

import Base.*

*{m1, m2, s1, s2, kg1, kg2}(x::SI{m1, s1, kg1}, y::SI{m2, s2, kg2}) = SI{m1 + m2, s1 + s2, kg1 + kg2}(x.value * y.value)

let
    local a,b
    a = SI{0,0,1}(1.0) * SI{1,2,0}(2.0)
    b = SI{0,0,1}(1.0) * SI{1,-2,0}(2.0)
    @test typeof(a) === SI{1,2,1}
    @test typeof(b) === SI{1,-2,1}
end

# pointer arithmetic
let
   local a,b,c
   a = C_NULL
   b = C_NULL + 1
   c = C_NULL - 1

   @test a != b != c
   @test UInt(a) == 0
   @test UInt(b) == 1
   @test UInt(c) == typemax(UInt)

   @test b - a == -(a - b) == 1
   @test c - a == -(a - c) == typemax(UInt)
   @test c - b == -(b - c) == typemax(UInt) - 1
   @test a < b < c
end

# pull request 1270
let
    local a,p, a2,p2
    a = [11,12,13]
    p = pointer(a)
    @test unsafe_load(p, 1) == 11
    unsafe_store!(p, 99, 2)
    @test a == [11,99,13]
    a2 = Any[101,102,103]
    p2 = pointer(a2)
    @test unsafe_load(p2) == 101
    unsafe_store!(p2, 909, 3)
    @test a2 == [101,102,909]
end

@test unsafe_pointer_to_objref(ccall(:jl_call1, Ptr{Void}, (Any,Any),
                                     x -> x+1, 314158)) == 314159
@test unsafe_pointer_to_objref(pointer_from_objref(e+pi)) == e+pi

let
    local a, aa
    a = [1,2,3]
    aa = pointer_to_array(pointer(a), length(a))
    @test aa == a
    aa = pointer_to_array(pointer(a), (length(a),))
    @test aa == a
    aa = pointer_to_array(pointer(a), UInt(length(a)))
    @test aa == a
    aa = pointer_to_array(pointer(a), UInt16(length(a)))
    @test aa == a
    @test_throws ErrorException pointer_to_array(pointer(a), -3)
end

immutable FooBar
    foo::Int
    bar::Int
end
let
    local X, p
    X = FooBar[ FooBar(3,1), FooBar(4,4) ]
    p = pointer(X)
    @test unsafe_load(p, 2) == FooBar(4,4)
    unsafe_store!(p, FooBar(7,3), 1)
    @test X[1] == FooBar(7,3)
end

# issue #1287, combinations of try, catch, return
let
    local f, g

    function f()
        try
            return 1
        end
    end
    @test f() == 1

    function g()
        try
            error("badness")
        catch
            return 2
        end
    end
    @test g() == 2
end

# issue #1442
type S1442{T}
end

let
    local f1442
    f1442(::DataType) = 1
    f1442{T}(::Type{S1442{T}}) = 2

    @test f1442(S1442{Int}) == 2
    @test f1442(DataType) == 1
end

# issue #1727
abstract Component

type Transform <: Component
    x
    y
    z

    Transform() = new(0, 0, 0)
end

type Body <: Component
    vel
    curr_force

    Body() = new(0, 0)
end

function NewEntity{T<:Component}(components::Type{T}...)
    map((c)->c(), components)
end

@test_throws MethodError NewEntity(Transform, Transform, Body, Body)
@test isa(NewEntity(Transform, Transform), Tuple{Transform, Transform})
@test_throws MethodError NewEntity(Transform, Transform, Body, Body)

# issue #1826
let
    a = (1,2)
    a,b = a
    @test a==1 && b==2
end

# issue #1876
let
    tst = 1
    m1(i) = (tst+=1;i-1)
    x = [1:4;]
    x[1:end] *= 2
    @test x == [2:2:8;]
    x[m1(end)] += 3
    @test x == [2,4,9,8]
    @test tst == 2

    # issue #1886
    X = [1:4;]
    r = Array(UnitRange{Int},1)
    r[1] = 2:3
    X[r...] *= 2
    @test X == [1,4,6,4]
end

# issue #1632
let
    f1632{R,S}(::R, ::S) = 1
    f1632{T}(  ::T, ::T) = 2
    @test f1632(1, 2) == 2
    @test f1632(:a, 2) == 1
    g1632{T}(  ::T, ::T) = 2
    g1632{R,S}(::R, ::S) = 1
    @test g1632(1, 2) == 2
    @test g1632(:a, 2) == 1
end

# issue #1628
type I1628{X}
    x::X
end
let
    # here the potential problem is that the run-time value of static
    # parameter X in the I1628 constructor is (DataType,DataType),
    # but type inference will track it more accurately as
    # (Type{Integer}, Type{Int}).
    f1628() = I1628((Integer,Int))
    @test isa(f1628(), I1628{Tuple{DataType,DataType}})
end

let
    fT{T}(x::T) = T
    @test fT(Any) === DataType
    @test fT(Int) === DataType
    @test fT(Type{Any}) === DataType
    @test fT(Type{Int}) === DataType

    ff{T}(x::Type{T}) = T
    @test ff(Type{Any}) === Type{Any}
    @test ff(Type{Int}) === Type{Int}
    @test ff(Any) === Any
    @test ff(Int) === Int
end

# issue #2098
let
    i2098() = begin
        c = Any[2.0]
        [1:1:c[1];]
    end
    @test isequal(i2098(), [1.0,2.0])
end

# issue #2161
let
    i2161_1() = promote(2,2,2.0,2)
    i2161_2() = i2161_1()[1]
    @test i2161_2() === 2.0
end

# issue #2169
let
    i2169{T}(a::Array{T}) = typemin(T)
    @test invoke(i2169, Tuple{Array} ,Int8[1]) === Int8(-128)
end

# issue #2365
type B2365{T}
     v::Union{T, Void}
end
@test B2365{Int}(nothing).v === nothing
@test B2365{Int}(0).v === 0

# issue #2352
let
    local Sum, n
    Sum=0.0; for n=1:2:10000
        Sum += -1/n + 1/(n+1)
    end
    @test Sum < -0.69
end

# issue #2509
immutable Foo2509; foo::Int; end
@test Foo2509(1) != Foo2509(2)
@test Foo2509(42) == Foo2509(42)

# issue #2517
immutable Foo2517; end
@test repr(Foo2517()) == "Foo2517()"
@test repr(Array(Foo2517,1)) == "[Foo2517()]"
@test Foo2517() === Foo2517()

# issue #1474
type X1474{a,b} end
let
    local Y
    Y{A,B}(::Type{X1474{A,B}}) = 1
    Y{A}(::Type{X1474{A}}) = 2
    Y(::Type{X1474}) = 3
    @test Y(X1474) == 3
    @test Y(X1474{Int}) == 2
    @test Y(X1474{Int,AbstractString}) == 1
end

# issue #2562
type Node2562{T}
    value::T
    Node2562(value::T) = new(value)
end
Node2562{T}(value::T, args...) = Node2562{T}(value, args...)
makenode2562(value) = Node2562(value)
@test isa(Node2562(0), Node2562)
@test isa(makenode2562(0), Node2562)

# issue #2619
type I2619{T}
    v::T
    I2619(v) = new(convert(T,v))
end
bad2619 = false
function i2619()
    global e2619 = try
        I2619{Float64}(0.0f)
        global bad2619 = true
    catch _e
        _e
    end
end
i2619()
@test !bad2619
@test isa(e2619,UndefVarError) && e2619.var === :f

# issue #2919
typealias Foo2919 Int
type Baz2919; Foo2919::Foo2919; end
@test Baz2919(3).Foo2919 === 3

# issue #2982
module M2982
abstract U
macro bad(Y)
    quote
        type $(esc(Y)) <: U
        end
    end
end
export @bad
end

@M2982.bad(T2982)
@test T2982.super === M2982.U

# issue #3182
f3182{T}(::Type{T}) = 0
f3182(x) = 1
function g3182(t::DataType)
    # tricky thing here is that DataType is a concrete type, and a
    # subtype of Type, but we cannot infer the T in Type{T} just
    # by knowing (at compile time) that the argument is a DataType.
    # however the ::Type{T} method should still match at run time.
    f3182(t)
end
@test g3182(Complex) == 0

# issue #3221
let x = fill(nothing, 1)
    @test_throws MethodError x[1] = 1
end

# issue #3220
function x3220()
    a = [1]
    a::Vector{Int} += [1]
end
@test x3220() == [2]

# issue #3471
function f3471(y)
    convert(Array{typeof(y[1]),1}, y)
end
@test isa(f3471(Any[1.0,2.0]), Vector{Float64})

# issue #3729
typealias A3729{B} Vector{Vector{B}}
typealias C3729{D} Vector{Vector{D}}
@test Vector{Vector{Int}} === A3729{Int} === C3729{Int}

# issue #3789
x3789 = 0
while(all([false for idx in 1:10]))
    x3789 = 1
end
@test x3789 == 0

# issue #3852
function f3852()
    local x
    for i = 1:10
        x = identity
    end
    x("hi")
end
@test f3852() == "hi"

# issue #3821
function f3821()
    p = []
    [x for x in p]
end
@test isa(f3821(), Array)

# issue #4075
immutable Foo4075
    x::Int64
    y::Float64
end

function foo4075(f::Foo4075, s::Symbol)
    x = getfield(f,s)
    gc()
    x
end

@test isa(foo4075(Foo4075(Int64(1),2.0),:y), Float64)
# very likely to segfault the second time if this is broken
@test isa(foo4075(Foo4075(Int64(1),2.0),:y), Float64)

# issue #3167
function foo(x)
    ret=Array(typeof(x[1]), length(x))
    for j = 1:length(x)
        ret[j] = x[j]
    end
    return ret
end
let x = Array(Union{Dict{Int64,AbstractString},Array{Int64,3},Number,AbstractString,Void}, 3)
    x[1] = 1.0
    x[2] = 2.0
    x[3] = 3.0
    @test foo(x) == [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
end

# TODO!!
# issue #4115
#type Foo4115
#end
#typealias Foo4115s NTuple{3,Union{Foo4115,Type{Foo4115}}}
#baz4115(x::Foo4115s) = x
#@test baz4115(convert(Tuple{Type{Foo4115},Type{Foo4115},Foo4115},
#                      (Foo4115,Foo4115,Foo4115()))) == (Foo4115,Foo4115,Foo4115())

# issue #4129
type Foo4129; end

abstract Bar4129

type Bar41291 <: Bar4129
    f::Foo4129
end
type Bar41292 <: Bar4129
    f::Foo4129
end

type Baz4129
    b::Bar4129
end

foo4129(a::Baz4129,c::Foo4129,b::Bar4129,x::ANY,y) = (a,b,c,x,y)
foo4129(a::Baz4129,b::Bar41291,args...) = foo4129(a,b.f,b,args...)
foo4129(a::Baz4129,b::Bar41292,args...) = foo4129(a,b.f,b,args...)
foo4129(a::Baz4129,args...)         = foo4129(a,a.b,args...)

@test isa(foo4129(Baz4129(Bar41291(Foo4129())),1,2), Tuple{Baz4129,Bar4129,Foo4129,Int,Int})

# issue #4141
type Vertex4141{N,T}; end
type Face4141{V}; end
type Hull4141{F<:Face4141}; end

g4141(N,T) = Hull4141{Face4141{Vertex4141{N,T}}}()
@test isa(g4141(4,Int), Hull4141{Face4141{Vertex4141{4,Int}}})

# issue #4154
type MyType4154{T}
    a1::T
    a2
end

foo4154(x) = MyType4154(x, [])
h4154() = typeof(foo4154(rand(2,2,2)))
g4154() = typeof(foo4154(rand(2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2)))

@test h4154() === MyType4154{Array{Float64,3}}
@test g4154() === MyType4154{Array{Float64,9}}

# issue #4208
type a4208
    a4208
end
@test isa(a4208(5),a4208)
type b4208
    b4208() = (local b4208=1;new())
end
@test isa(b4208(),b4208)

# make sure convert_default error isn't swallowed by typeof()
convert_default_should_fail_here() = similar([1],typeof(zero(typeof(rand(2,2)))))
@test_throws MethodError convert_default_should_fail_here()

# issue #4343
@test_throws ErrorException Array{Float64}{Int, 2}

type Foo4376{T}
    x
    Foo4376(x::T) = new(x)
    Foo4376(a::Foo4376{Int}) = new(a.x)
end

@test isa(Foo4376{Float32}(Foo4376{Int}(2)), Foo4376{Float32})

type _0_test_ctor_syntax_
    _0_test_ctor_syntax_{T<:AbstractString}(files::Vector{T},step) = 0
end

# issue #4413
type A4413 end
type B4413 end
type C4413 end
f4413(::Union{A4413, B4413, C4413}) = "ABC"
f4413(::Union{A4413, B4413}) = "AB"
g4413(::Union{A4413, C4413}) = "AC"
g4413(::Union{A4413, B4413, C4413}) = "ABC"

@test f4413(A4413()) == "AB" && f4413(B4413()) == "AB"
@test g4413(A4413()) == "AC" && g4413(C4413()) == "AC"

# issue #4482
# what happens here: the method cache logic wants to widen the type of a
# tuple argument, but it shouldn't do that for an argument that a static
# parameter depends on.
f4482{T}(x::T) = T
@test f4482((Ptr,Ptr)) === Tuple{DataType,DataType}
@test f4482((Ptr,))    === Tuple{DataType,}

# issue #4486
try
    # note: this test expression must run at the top level,
    # in the interpreter.
    (function() end)(1)
    # should throw an argument count error
    @test false
end

# issue #4526
f4526(x) = isa(x.a, Void)
@test_throws ErrorException f4526(1)
@test_throws ErrorException f4526(im)
@test_throws ErrorException f4526(1+2im)

# issue #4528
function f4528(A, B)
    if A
        reinterpret(UInt64, B)
    end
end
@test f4528(false, Int32(12)) === nothing
@test_throws ErrorException f4528(true, Int32(12))

# issue #4518
f4518(x, y::Union{Int32,Int64}) = 0
f4518(x::ASCIIString, y::Union{Int32,Int64}) = 1
@test f4518("",1) == 1

# issue #4581
bitstype 64 Date4581{T}
let
    x = Intrinsics.box(Date4581{Int}, Intrinsics.unbox(Int64,Int64(1234)))
    xs = Date4581[x]
    ys = copy(xs)
    @test ys !== xs
    @test ys == xs
end

# issue #6591
function f6591(d)
    Intrinsics.box(Int64, d)
    (f->f(d))(identity)
end
let d = Intrinsics.box(Date4581{Int}, Int64(1))
    @test isa(f6591(d), Date4581)
end

# issue #4645
i4645(x) = (println(zz); zz = x; zz)
@test_throws UndefVarError i4645(4)

# more undef var errors
function test_undef_var_9898(a)
    a1 = a1
    a
end
@test_throws UndefVarError test_undef_var_9898(1)

# issue #4505
let
    g4505{X}(::X) = 0
    @test g4505(0) == 0
end
@test !isdefined(:g4505)

# issue #4681
# ccall should error if convert() returns something of the wrong type
type Z4681
    x::Ptr{Void}
    Z4681() = new(C_NULL)
end
Base.unsafe_convert(::Type{Ptr{Z4681}},b::Z4681) = b.x
@test_throws TypeError ccall(:printf,Int,(Ptr{UInt8},Ptr{Z4681}),"",Z4681())

# issue #4479
f4479(::Real,c) = 1
f4479(::Int, ::Int, ::Bool) = 2
f4479(::Int, x, a...) = 0
@test f4479(1,1,true) == 2

# issue #4688
a4688(y) = "should be unreachable by calling b"
b4688(y) = "not an Int"
begin
    a4688(y::Int) = "an Int"
    let x = true
        b4688(y::Int) = x == true ? a4688(y) : a4688(y)
    end
end
@test b4688(1) == "an Int"

# issue #4731
type SIQ{A,B} <: Number
    x::A
end
import Base: promote_rule
promote_rule{T,T2,S,S2}(A::Type{SIQ{T,T2}},B::Type{SIQ{S,S2}}) = SIQ{promote_type(T,S)}
@test_throws ErrorException promote_type(SIQ{Int},SIQ{Float64})

# issue #4675
f4675(x::StridedArray...) = 1
f4675{T}(x::StridedArray{T}...) = 2
@test f4675(zeros(50,50), zeros(50,50)) == 2
g4675{T}(x::StridedArray{T}...) = 2
g4675(x::StridedArray...) = 1
@test g4675(zeros(50,50), zeros(50,50)) == 2

# issue #4771
module Lib4771
export @make_closure
macro make_closure()
    quote
        f = (x)->1
    end
end
end # module
@test (Lib4771.@make_closure)(0) == 1

# issue #4805
abstract IT4805{N, T}

let
    T = TypeVar(:T,Int,true)
    N = TypeVar(:N,true)
    testintersect(Type{IT4805{1,T}}, Type{TypeVar(:_,IT4805{N,Int})}, Bottom, isnot)
end

let
    test0{T <: Int64}(::Type{IT4805{1, T}}, x) = x
    test1() = test0(IT4805{1, Int64}, 1)
    test2() = test0(IT4805{1+0, Int64}, 1)
    test3(n) = test0(IT4805{n, Int64}, 1)

    @test test1() == 1
    @test test2() == 1
    @test test3(1) == 1
    @test_throws MethodError test3(2)
end

# issue #4873
macro myassert4873(ex)
    :($ex ? nothing : error("Assertion failed: ", $(string(ex))))
end
x4873 = 1
@myassert4873 (x -> x)(x4873) == 1

# issue from IRC
function invalid_tupleref()
    A = (1, "2", 3.0)
    try
        return A[0]
    catch
        return true
    end
end
@test invalid_tupleref()==true

# issue #5150
f5150(T) = Array(Rational{T},1)
@test typeof(f5150(Int)) === Array{Rational{Int},1}


# issue #5165
bitstype 64 T5165{S}
make_t(x::Int64) = Base.box(T5165{Void}, Base.unbox(Int64, x))
xs5165 = T5165[make_t(Int64(1))]
b5165 = IOBuffer()
for x in xs5165
    println(b5165, x)   # segfaulted
end

# support tuples as type parameters

type TupleParam{P}
    x::Bool
end

function tupledispatch(a::TupleParam{(1,:a)})
    a.x
end

let
    # tuples can be used as type params
    t1 = TupleParam{(1,:a)}(true)
    t2 = TupleParam{(1,:b)}(true)

    # tuple type params can't contain invalid type params
    @test_throws TypeError t3 = TupleParam{(1,"nope")}(true)

    # dispatch works properly
    @test tupledispatch(t1) == true
    @test_throws MethodError tupledispatch(t2)
end

# issue #5254
f5254{T}(::Type{T}, b::T) = 0
f5254(a, b) = 1
@test f5254(Bottom, 1) == 1

# evaluate arguments left-to-right, including assignments. issue #4990
let i = 0, x = 65
    @test (i, i+=1, i+=1) === (0, 1, 2)
    @test i == 2
    @test [x, x|=0x20] == [65, 97]
end

# issue #5312
let
    local x = 0
    global incr5312, foo5312
    incr5312() = (x+=1; nothing)
    foo5312() = (incr5312(),)
    @test foo5312() === (nothing,)
    @test x == 1
end

# issue #5319
cnvt(T, x) = convert_default(T, x, cnvt)
cnvt{S, T, N}(::Type{Array{S, N}}, x::Array{T, N}) = convert(Array{S}, x)

function tighttypes!(adf)
    T = Bottom
    tt = Any[Int]
    for t in tt
        T = typejoin(T, t)
    end
    cnvt(Vector{T}, adf[1])
end

@test isequal(tighttypes!(Any[Any[1.0,2.0],]), [1,2])

# issue #5142
bitstype 64 Int5142
function h5142(a::Bool)
    x=a ? (Int64(0),reinterpret(Int5142,Int64(0))) : (Int64(1),reinterpret(Int5142,Int64(1)))
    x[2]::Int5142
end
function h5142(a::Int)
    x=(Int64(0),reinterpret(Int5142,Int64(0)))
    x[a]::Int5142
end
h5142(true)
@test_throws TypeError h5142(1)
h5142(2)

bitstype 8 Int5142b
function h5142b(a::Int)
    x=((Int8(1),Int8(2)),(reinterpret(Int5142b,Int8(3)),reinterpret(Int5142b,Int8(4))))
    x[a]::Tuple{Int8,Int8}
end
h5142b(1)
@test_throws TypeError h5142b(2)

# accessing bits tuples of structs
function test_bits_tuples()
    a = (complex(1,2),complex(1,3));s=0
    for i=1:10
        s += a[rand(1:2)]
    end
    s
end
@test real(test_bits_tuples()) == 10

# issue #5374
type FileObj5374
    io::IO
end
function read_file5374(fileobj)
    read(fileobj.io, Float32)
end
@test isa(read_file5374(FileObj5374(IOBuffer(UInt8[0,0,0,0]))), Float32)

# issue #5457
function f5457(obj_ptr::Ptr{Float64}, f)
    new_obj = convert(Float64, f(1.0))
    unsafe_store!(obj_ptr, new_obj)
    return Int32(1)
end
let
    a = [1.0]
    f5457(pointer(a,1), sin)
end

# issue #5584
# this is an intermittent memory bug, but this code is very likely to trigger it
mapshape_5584{N}(s1::NTuple{N,Int}, s2::NTuple{N,Int}) =
    (s1 == s2 || error("Argument dimensions are not map-compatible."); s1)
function f5584()
    for i = 1:1000000
        a = rand(1:1000, 3)
        # the bug was a failure to root these tuples
        mapshape_5584(tuple(a...), tuple(a...))
    end
end
f5584()

# issue #5884

type Polygon5884{T<:Real}
    points::Vector{Complex{T}}
end

function test5884()
    star = Array(Polygon5884,(3,))
    star[1] = Polygon5884([Complex(1.0,1.0)])
    p1 = star[1].points[1]
    @test p1 == Complex(1.0,1.0)
    @test p1.re == 1.0
    @test star[1].points[1].re == 1.0
end
test5884()

# issue #5924
let
    function Test()
        func = function () end
        func
    end
    @test Test()() === nothing
end

# issue #5906

abstract Outer5906{T}

immutable Inner5906{T}
   a:: T
end

immutable Empty5906{T} <: Outer5906{T}
end

immutable Hanoi5906{T} <: Outer5906{T}
    a::T
    succ :: Outer5906{Inner5906{T}}
    Hanoi5906(a) = new(a, Empty5906{Inner5906{T}}())
end

function f5906{T}(h::Hanoi5906{T})
    if isa(h.succ, Empty5906) return end
    f5906(h.succ)
end

# can cause infinite recursion in type inference via instantiation of
# the type of the `succ` field
@test f5906(Hanoi5906{Int}(1)) === nothing

# make sure front end can correctly print values to error messages
let
    ex = expand(parse("\"a\"=1"))
    @test ex == Expr(:error, "invalid assignment location \"\"a\"\"") ||
          ex == Expr(:error, "invalid assignment location \"#<julia_value>\"")
end

# make sure that incomplete tags are detected correctly
# (i.e. error messages in src/julia-parser.scm must be matched correctly
# by the code in base/client.jl)
for (str, tag) in Dict("" => :none, "\"" => :string, "#=" => :comment, "'" => :char,
                       "`" => :cmd, "begin;" => :block, "quote;" => :block,
                       "let;" => :block, "for i=1;" => :block, "function f();" => :block,
                       "f() do x;" => :block, "module X;" => :block, "type X;" => :block,
                       "immutable X;" => :block, "(" => :other, "[" => :other,
                       "begin" => :other, "quote" => :other,
                       "let" => :other, "for" => :other, "function" => :other,
                       "f() do" => :other, "module" => :other, "type" => :other,
                       "immutable" => :other)
    @test Base.incomplete_tag(parse(str, raise=false)) == tag
end

# issue #6031
macro m6031(x); x; end
@test @m6031([2,4,6])[3] == 6
@test (@m6031 [2,4,6])[2] == 4

# issue #6050
@test Core.Inference.getfield_tfunc([nothing, QuoteNode(:vals)],
          Dict{Int64,Tuple{UnitRange{Int64},UnitRange{Int64}}},
          :vals) == (Array{Tuple{UnitRange{Int64},UnitRange{Int64}},1},true)

# issue #6068
x6068 = 1
function test6068()
    local a
    while true
        a = x6068
        break
    end
    a + 1
end
@test test6068() == 2

# issue #6074
macro X6074()
    quote
        global x6074
        let x6074 = x6074
            x6074
        end
    end
end
x6074 = 6074
@test @X6074() == 6074

# issue #5536
test5536(a::Union{Real, AbstractArray}...) = "Splatting"
test5536(a::Union{Real, AbstractArray}) = "Non-splatting"
@test test5536(5) == "Non-splatting"

# multiline comments (#6139 and others raised in #6128) and embedded NUL chars (#10994)
@test 3 == include_string("1 + 2") == include_string("1 + #==# 2") == include_string("1 + #===# 2") == include_string("1 + #= #= blah =# =# 2") == include_string("1 + #= #= #= nested =# =# =# 2") == include_string("1 + #= \0 =# 2")
@test_throws LoadError include_string("#=")
@test_throws LoadError include_string("#= #= #= =# =# =")

# issue #6142
import Base: +
type A6142 <: AbstractMatrix{Float64}; end
+{TJ}(x::A6142, y::UniformScaling{TJ}) = "UniformScaling method called"
+(x::A6142, y::AbstractArray) = "AbstractArray method called"
@test A6142() + I == "UniformScaling method called"

# issue #6175
function g6175(); print(""); (); end
g6175(i::Real, I...) = g6175(I...)
g6175(i, I...) = tuple(length(i), g6175(I...)...)
@test g6175(1:5) === (5,)

# issue #6242
f6242{N}(x::NTuple{N,Int})=(N==0 ? 1 : ntuple(n->x[n],N))
@test f6242(()) === 1

# issue #6292
let i = 0
    global g6292() = i+=1
end
@test g6292() == 1
@test g6292() == 2

# issue #6404
type type_2{T <: Integer, N} <: Number
    x::T
    type_2(n::T) = new(n)
end
type type_1{T <: Number} <: Number
    x::Vector{T}
    type_1(x::Vector{T}) = new(x)
end
type_1{T <: Number}(x::Vector{T}) = type_1{T}(x)
type_1{T <: Number}(c::T) = type_1{T}([c])
Base.convert{T<:Number, S<:Number}(::Type{type_1{T}}, x::S) = type_1(convert(T, x))
+{T <: Number}(a::type_1{T}, b::type_1{T}) = a

function func1_6404(v1::Integer)
    e1 = type_1([type_2{Int,v1}(0)])
    e1+e1
end

@test isa(func1_6404(3), type_1)

# issue #5577
f5577(::Any) = false
f5577(::Type) = true
@test !f5577((Int,AbstractString,2))
@test !f5577(((Int,AbstractString),AbstractString))
@test f5577(Tuple{Tuple{Int,AbstractString},AbstractString})
@test f5577(Int)
@test !f5577(2)

# issue #6426
f6426(x,args...) = f6426(x,map(a->(isa(a,Type) ? Type{a} : typeof(a)), args))
f6426(x,t::Tuple{Vararg{Type}}) = string(t)
@test f6426(1, (1.,2.)) == "(Tuple{Float64,Float64},)"

# issue #6502
f6502() = convert(Tuple{Vararg{Int}}, (10,))
@test f6502() === (10,)
@test convert(Tuple{Bool,Vararg{Int}}, (true,10)) === (true,10)
@test convert(Tuple{Int,Vararg{Bool}}, (true,1,0)) === (1,true,false)

# issue on the flight from DFW
# (type inference deducing Type{:x} rather than Symbol)
type FooBarDFW{s}; end
fooDFW(p::Type{FooBarDFW}) = string(p.parameters[1])
fooDFW(p) = string(p.parameters[1])
@test fooDFW(FooBarDFW{:x}) == "x" # not ":x"

# issue #6611
function crc6611(spec)
    direcn = spec ? 1 : 2
    local remainder::blech
    ()->(remainder=1)
end
@test_throws UndefVarError crc6611(true)()

# issue #6634
function crc6634(spec)
    A = UInt
    remainder::A = 1
    function handler(append)
        remainder = append ? 1 : 2
    end
end
@test crc6634(0x1)(true) == 1
@test crc6634(0x1)(false) == 2

# issue #5876
module A5876
macro x()
    quote
        function $(esc(:f5876)){T}(::Type{T})
            T
        end
        42
    end
end
end

let
    local z = A5876.@x()
    @test z == 42
    @test f5876(Int) === Int
end

# issue #6387
bitstype 64 Date6387{C}

type DateRange6387{C} <: Range{Date6387{C}}
end

type ObjMember
    member::DateRange6387
end

obj = ObjMember(DateRange6387{Int64}())

function v6387{T}(r::Range{T})
    a = Array(T,1)
    a[1] = Intrinsics.box(Date6387{Int64}, Intrinsics.unbox(Int64,Int64(1)))
    a
end

function day_in(obj::ObjMember)
    x = v6387(obj.member)
    @test isa(x, Vector{Date6387{Int64}})
    @test isa(x[1], Date6387{Int64})
end
day_in(obj)

# issue #6784
@test ndims(Array(Array{Float64},3,5)) == 2
@test ndims(Array(Array,3,5)) == 2

# issue #6793
function segfault6793(;gamma=1)
    A = 1
    B = 1
    print()
    return
    -gamma
    nothing
end
@test segfault6793() === nothing

# issue #6896
g6896(x) = x::Int=x
@test g6896(5.0) === 5.0
f6896(x) = y::Int=x
@test f6896(5.0) === 5.0

# issue #6938
module M6938
macro mac()
    quote
        let
            y = 0
            y
        end
    end
end
end
@test @M6938.mac() == 0

# issue #7012
let x = zeros(2)
    x[1]::Float64 = 1
    @test x == [1.0, 0.0]
    @test_throws TypeError (x[1]::Int = 1)

    x[1]::Float64 += 1
    @test x == [2.0, 0.0]
    @test_throws TypeError (x[1]::Int += 1)
end

# issue #6980
abstract A6980
type B6980 <: A6980 end
f6980(::Union{Int, Float64}, ::A6980) = false
f6980(::Union{Int, Float64}, ::B6980) = true
@test f6980(1, B6980())

# issue #7049
typealias Maybe7049{T} Union{T,Void}
function ttt7049(;init::Maybe7049{Union{AbstractString,Tuple{Int,Char}}} = nothing)
    string("init=", init)
end
@test ttt7049(init="a") == "init=a"

# issue #7074
let z{T<:Union{Float64,Complex{Float64},Float32,Complex{Float32}}}(A::StridedMatrix{T}) = T,
    S = zeros(Complex,2,2)
    @test_throws MethodError z(S)
end

# issue #7062
f7062{t,n}(::Type{Array{t}}  , ::Array{t,n}) = (t,n,1)
f7062{t,n}(::Type{Array{t,n}}, ::Array{t,n}) = (t,n,2)
@test f7062(Array{Int,1}, [1,2,3]) === (Int,1,2)
@test f7062(Array{Int}  , [1,2,3]) === (Int,1,1)

# issue #7302
function test7302()
    t = [UInt64][1]
    convert(t, "5")
end
@test_throws MethodError test7302()

macro let_with_uninit()
    quote
        let x
            x = 1
            x+1
        end
    end
end

@test @let_with_uninit() == 2

# issue #5154
let
    v = []
    for i=1:3, j=1:3
        push!(v, (i, j))
        i == 1 && j == 2 && break
    end
    @test v == Any[(1,1), (1,2)]
end

# addition of ¬ (\neg) parsing
const (¬) = !
@test ¬false

# issue #7652
type A7652
    a :: Int
end
a7652 = A7652(0)
t_a7652 = A7652
f7652() = issubtype(fieldtype(t_a7652, :a), Int)
@test f7652() == issubtype(fieldtype(A7652, :a), Int) == true
g7652() = fieldtype(DataType, :types)
@test g7652() == fieldtype(DataType, :types) == SimpleVector
@test fieldtype(t_a7652, 1) == Int
h7652() = a7652.(1) = 2
h7652()
@test a7652.a == 2
i7652() = a7652.(1) = 3.0
i7652()
@test a7652.a == 3

# issue #7679
@test map(f->f(), Any[ ()->i for i=1:3 ]) == Any[1,2,3]

# issue #7810
type Foo7810{T<:AbstractVector}
    v::T
end
bar7810() = [Foo7810([(a,b) for a in 1:2]) for b in 3:4]
@test Base.return_types(bar7810,Tuple{})[1] == Array{Foo7810{Array{Tuple{Int,Int},1}},1}

# issue 7897
function issue7897!(data, arr)
    data = reinterpret(UInt32, data)
    a = arr[1]
end

a = ones(UInt8, 10)
sa = sub(a,4:6)
# This can throw an error, but shouldn't segfault
try
    issue7897!(sa, zeros(10))
end

# issue #7582
aₜ = "a variable using Unicode 6"

immutable My8156{A, B}
    a::A
    b::B
end
let m = My8156(nothing, 1)
    @test sizeof(m) == sizeof(1)
    @test m.a === nothing
    @test m.b === 1
end

# issue #8184
immutable Foo8184
    x::Void
    y::Void
    z::Float64
end
let f = Foo8184(nothing,nothing,1.0)
    g(x) = x.z
    @test g(f) === 1.0
end

# issue #8213
@test map((x...)->x,(1,2),(3,4),(5,6)) === ((1,3,5),(2,4,6))

# issue #8338
let ex = Expr(:(=), :(f8338(x;y=4)), :(x*y))
    eval(ex)
    @test f8338(2) == 8
end

# call overloading (#2403)
Base.call(x::Int, y::Int) = x + 3y
issue2403func(f) = f(7)
let x = 10
    @test x(3) == 19
    @test x((3,)...) == 19
    @test issue2403func(x) == 31
end
type Issue2403
    x
end
Base.call(i::Issue2403, y) = i.x + 2y
let x = Issue2403(20)
    @test x(3) == 26
    @test issue2403func(x) == 34
end

# a method specificity issue
c99991{T}(::Type{T},x::T) = 0
c99991{T}(::Type{UnitRange{T}},x::FloatRange{T}) = 1
c99991{T}(::Type{UnitRange{T}},x::Range{T}) = 2
@test c99991(UnitRange{Float64}, 1.0:2.0) == 1
@test c99991(UnitRange{Int}, 1:2) == 2

# issue #8798
let
    const npy_typestrs = Dict("b1"=>Bool,
                              "i1"=>Int8,      "u1"=>UInt8,
                              "i2"=>Int16,     "u2"=>UInt16,
                              "i4"=>Int32,     "u4"=>UInt32,
                              "i8"=>Int64,     "u8"=>UInt64)
    sizeof_lookup() = sizeof(npy_typestrs["i8"])
    @test sizeof_lookup() == 8
end

# issue #8851
abstract AbstractThing{T,N}
type ConcreteThing{T<:AbstractFloat,N} <: AbstractThing{T,N}
end

testintersect(AbstractThing{TypeVar(:T,true),2}, ConcreteThing, ConcreteThing{TypeVar(:T,AbstractFloat),2}, isequal)

# issue #8978
module I8978
y = 1
g() = f(y)
f(x) = 2
f(x::Int) = 3.0
module II8978
function callf(f)
    try
        f()
    finally
    end
end
end
h(f) = II8978.callf() do
    local x
    for i = 1:1
        x = g()+f
    end
    x
end
end

@test I8978.h(4) === 7.0

# issue #9134
function f9134()
    ii = zeros(Int32, 1)
    let i
        ii[1] = i
    end
end
@test_throws UndefVarError f9134()

# issue #9475
module I9475
    arr = Array(Any, 1)
    @eval @eval $arr[1] = 1
end

# issue #9520
f9520a(::Any, ::Any, args...) = 15
f9520b(::Any, ::Any, ::Any, args...) = 23
f9520c(::Any, ::Any, ::Any, ::Any, ::Any, ::Any, args...) = 46
@test invoke(f9520a, Tuple{Any, Any}, 1, 2) == 15
@test invoke(f9520a, Tuple{Any, Any, Any}, 1, 2, 3) == 15
@test invoke(f9520b, Tuple{Any, Any, Any}, 1, 2, 3) == 23
@test invoke(f9520b, Tuple{Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any}, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 23
@test invoke(f9520c, Tuple{Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any}, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 46
@test invoke(f9520c, Tuple{Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any}, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) == 46
# Keep until the old signature of invoke is dropped.
@test invoke(f9520a, (Any, Any), 1, 2) == 15
@test invoke(f9520a, (Any, Any, Any), 1, 2, 3) == 15
@test invoke(f9520b, (Any, Any, Any), 1, 2, 3) == 23
@test invoke(f9520b, (Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 23
@test invoke(f9520c, (Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 46
@test invoke(f9520c, (Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any, Any), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) == 46

# jl_new_bits testing
let x = [1,2,3]
    @test ccall(:jl_new_bits, Any, (Any,Ptr{Void},), Int, x) === 1
    @test ccall(:jl_new_bits, Any, (Any,Ptr{Void},), Complex{Int}, x) === 1+2im
    @test ccall(:jl_new_bits, Any, (Any,Ptr{Void},), NTuple{3,Int}, x) === (1,2,3)
    @test ccall(:jl_new_bits, Any, (Any,Ptr{Void},), Tuple{Int,Int,Int}, x) === (1,2,3)
    @test (ccall(:jl_new_bits, Any, (Any,Ptr{Void},), Tuple{Int16,Tuple{Void},Int8,Tuple{},Int,Void,Int}, x)::Tuple)[[2,4,5,6,7]] === ((nothing,),(),2,nothing,3)
end

# sig 2 is SIGINT per the POSIX.1-1990 standard
if Base.is_unix(OS_NAME)
    ccall(:jl_exit_on_sigint, Void, (Cint,), 0)
    @test_throws InterruptException ccall(:raise, Void, (Cint,), 2)
    ccall(:jl_exit_on_sigint, Void, (Cint,), 1)
end

# pull request #9534
@test try; a,b,c = 1,2; catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (1,2) && ex.i == 3; end
@test try; [][]; catch ex; isempty((ex::BoundsError).a::Array{Any,1}) && ex.i == (1,); end
@test try; [][1,2]; catch ex; isempty((ex::BoundsError).a::Array{Any,1}) && ex.i == (1,2); end
@test try; [][10]; catch ex; isempty((ex::BoundsError).a::Array{Any,1}) && ex.i == (10,); end
f9534a() = (a=1+2im; a.(-100))
f9534a(x) = (a=1+2im; a.(x))
@test try; f9534a() catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === 1+2im && ex.i == -100; end
@test try; f9534a(3) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === 1+2im && ex.i == 3; end
f9534b() = (a=(1,2.,""); a[5])
f9534b(x) = (a=(1,2.,""); a[x])
@test try; f9534b() catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a == (1,2.,"") && ex.i == 5; end
@test try; f9534b(4) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a == (1,2.,"") && ex.i == 4; end
f9534c() = (a=(1,2.); a[3])
f9534c(x) = (a=(1,2.); a[x])
@test try; f9534c() catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (1,2.) && ex.i == 3; end
@test try; f9534c(0) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (1,2.) && ex.i == 0; end
f9534d() = (a=(1,2,4,6,7); a[7])
f9534d(x) = (a=(1,2,4,6,7); a[x])
@test try; f9534d() catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (1,2,4,6,7) && ex.i == 7; end
@test try; f9534d(-1) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (1,2,4,6,7) && ex.i == -1; end
f9534e(x) = (a=IOBuffer(); a.(x) = 3)
@test try; f9534e(-2) catch ex; is((ex::BoundsError).a,Base.IOBuffer) && ex.i == -2; end
f9534f() = (a=IOBuffer(); a.(-2))
f9534f(x) = (a=IOBuffer(); a.(x))
@test try; f9534f() catch ex; isa((ex::BoundsError).a,Base.IOBuffer) && ex.i == -2; end
@test try; f9534f(typemin(Int)+2) catch ex; isa((ex::BoundsError).a,Base.IOBuffer) && ex.i == typemin(Int)+2; end
x9634 = 3
@test try; getfield(1+2im, x9634); catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === 1+2im && ex.i == 3; end
@test try; throw(BoundsError()) catch ex; !isdefined((ex::BoundsError), :a) && !isdefined((ex::BoundsError), :i); end
@test try; throw(BoundsError(Int)) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a == Int && !isdefined((ex::BoundsError), :i); end
@test try; throw(BoundsError(Int, typemin(Int))) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a == Int && (ex::BoundsError).i == typemin(Int); end
@test try; throw(BoundsError(Int, (:a,))) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a == Int && (ex::BoundsError).i == (:a,); end
f9534g(a,b,c...) = c[0]
@test try; f9534g(1,2,3,4,5,6) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (3,4,5,6) && ex.i == 0; end
f9534h(a,b,c...) = c[a]
@test f9534h(4,2,3,4,5,6) == 6
@test try; f9534h(5,2,3,4,5,6) catch ex; (ex::BoundsError).a === (3,4,5,6) && ex.i == 5; end

# issue #9535
counter9535 = 0
f9535() = (global counter9535; counter9535 += 1; counter9535)
g9535() = (f9535(),f9535())
@test g9535() == (1,2)
@test g9535() == (3,4)

# issue #9617
let p = 15
    @test 2p+1 == 31  # not a hex float literal
end
@test_throws ParseError parse("0x0.1")  # must have p or P

# weak references
type Obj; x; end
function mk_wr(r, wr)
    x = Obj(1)
    push!(r, x)
    push!(wr, WeakRef(x))
end
test_wr(r,wr) = @test r[1] == wr[1].value
function test_wr()
    ref = []
    wref = []
    mk_wr(ref, wref)
    test_wr(ref, wref)
    gc()
    test_wr(ref, wref)
    pop!(ref)
    gc()
    @test wref[1].value == nothing
end
test_wr()

# issue #9947
function f9947()
    if 1 == 0
        1
    else
        min(UInt128(2),1)
    end
end
@test f9947() == UInt128(1)

# Type inference for tuple parameters
immutable fooTuple{s}; end
barTuple1() = fooTuple{(:y,)}()
barTuple2() = fooTuple{tuple(:y)}()

@test Base.return_types(barTuple1,Tuple{})[1] == Base.return_types(barTuple2,Tuple{})[1] == fooTuple{(:y,)}

#issue #9835
module M9835
    using Base.Test
    type A end; type B end
    f() = (isa(A(), A) ? A : B)()
    @test isa(f(), A)
end

#issue #10163
let a = :(()), b = :(())
    @test a.args !== b.args
end

# issue caused by commit 189b00aef0376d1a998d36115cd11b17464d26ce and worked around
# by commit 24c64b86bd4e793dbfe9d85c067dc0579b320d14
let
    g{T}(x::T...) = T
    g(x...) = 0
    @test g((),Int) == 0
    @test g((),()) == Tuple{}
end

# TODO: hopefully this issue is obsolete after the tuple type change
## issue #8631
#f8631(::(Type, Type...), ::(Any, Any...)) = 1
#f8631{T}(::Type{(T...)}, x::Tuple) = 2
#@test length(methods(f8631, ((Type, Type...), (Any, Any...)))) == 2

# issue caused by 8d0037cb377257fc4232c8526b12337dd7bdf0a7
args8d003 = (:x, :y)
@test eval(:(:(f($(($args8d003)...))))) == :(f(x,y))
x8d003 = Any[:y8d003]
y8d003 = 777
@test eval(:(string(:(f($($(x8d003...))))))) == "f(777)"

# issue #9378
abstract Foo9378{T,S}
immutable B9378{T} end
typealias FooB9378{T} Foo9378{T,B9378}
immutable CFoo9378 <: FooB9378{Float64} end
@test isa(CFoo9378(),FooB9378)

# issue #10281
const N10281 = 1000
@test if false
    for i in 1:N10281
    end
end === nothing

# issue #10221
module GCbrokentype
OLD_STDOUT = STDOUT
file = open(tempname(), "w")
redirect_stdout(file)
versioninfo()
try
    type Foo{T}
        val::Bar{T}
    end
end
gc()
redirect_stdout(OLD_STDOUT)
close(file)
end

# issue #10373
f10373(x) = x
g10373(x) = x
type newtype10373
end
let f
    for f in (f10373,g10373)
        f(x::newtype10373) = println("$f")
    end
end
@test f10373.env.defs.func.code.name == :f10373
@test f10373.env.defs.next.func.code.name == :f10373
@test g10373.env.defs.func.code.name == :g10373
@test g10373.env.defs.next.func.code.name == :g10373

# issue #7221
f7221{T<:Number}(::T) = 1
f7221(::BitArray) = 2
f7221(::AbstractVecOrMat) = 3
@test f7221(trues(1)) == 2

# issue #9232
arithtype9232{T<:Real}(::Type{T},::Type{T}) = arithtype9232(T)
result_type9232{T1<:Number,T2<:Number}(::Type{T1}, ::Type{T2}) = arithtype9232(T1, T2)
# this gave a "type too large", but not reliably
@test length(code_typed(result_type9232, Tuple{Type{TypeVar(:_, Union{Float32,Float64})}, Type{TypeVar(:T2, Number)}})) == 1

# test functionality of non-power-of-2 bitstype constants
bitstype 24 Int24
Int24(x::Int) = Intrinsics.box(Int24,Intrinsics.trunc_int(Int24,Intrinsics.unbox(Int,x)))
Int(x::Int24) = Intrinsics.box(Int,Intrinsics.zext_int(Int,Intrinsics.unbox(Int24,x)))
let x,y,f
    x = Int24(Int(0x12345678)) # create something (via truncation)
    @test Int(0x345678) === Int(x)
    function f() Int24(Int(0x02468ace)) end
    y = f() # invoke llvm constant folding
    @test Int(0x468ace) === Int(y)
    @test x !== y
    @test string(y) == "Int24(0x468ace)"
end

# issue #10570
immutable Array_512_Uint8
    d1::Uint8
    d2::Uint8
    d3::Uint8
    d4::Uint8
    d5::Uint8
    d6::Uint8
    d7::Uint8
    d8::Uint8
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    d468::Uint8
    d469::Uint8
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    d499::Uint8
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    d506::Uint8
    d507::Uint8
    d508::Uint8
    d509::Uint8
    d510::Uint8
    d511::Uint8
    d512::Uint8
end
gc()

# issue #10867
@test collect(enumerate((Tuple,Int))) == [(1,Tuple), (2,Int)]
@test collect(enumerate((Tuple,3))) == [(1,Tuple), (2,3)]

# issue #10878
function g10878(x; kw...); end
invoke_g10878() = invoke(g10878, Tuple{Any}, 1)
@code_typed invoke_g10878()

# issue #10978
typealias TupleType10978{T<:Tuple} Type{T}
f10978(T::TupleType10978) = isa(T, TupleType10978)
@test f10978(Tuple{Int})

# issue #10995
#typealias TupleType{T<:Tuple} Type{T};
f10995(::Any) = (while false; end; nothing)
f10995(T::TupleType10978) = (while false; end; @assert isa(T, TupleType10978))
g10995(x) = f10995(typeof(x))
g10995((1, 2))
@test g10995(UInt8) === nothing

# issue #11149
@noinline f11149(a,b,args...) = (a,b,args...)
@test f11149(1,2,3) == invoke(f11149, Tuple{Int,Int,Int}, 1,2,3)

# issue #11357
function f11357()
    x = (1,2,3)
    i = (1,)
    x[i...]
end
@test f11357() === 1

# issue #11136
type A11136 end
type B11136 end
let T = TypeVar(:T, true), TB = TypeVar(:T, B11136, true)
    testintersect(Tuple{T, T}, Tuple{A11136, TB}, Bottom)
end

# issue #11367
abstract Foo11367
let T1 = TypeVar(:T1, true), T2 = TypeVar(:T2, Foo11367, true)
    testintersect(Tuple{T1, T1}, Tuple{Type{BigInt}, T2}, Bottom)
end

# issue #11355
function f11355{T<:Tuple}(sig::Type{T})
    f11355(sig.parameters[1])
end
function f11355(arg::DataType)
    if arg <: Tuple
        return 200
    end
    return 100
end
let t = Tuple{Type{Vector{Int}}}
    @test f11355(t) == 100
    t = Tuple{Type{Dict{TypeVar(:K, true)}}}
    @test f11355(t) == 100
end

# issue #8283
function func8283 end
@test isa(func8283,Function) && isgeneric(func8283)
@test_throws MethodError func8283()

# issue #11243
let a = [Pair(1,2), Pair("a","b")]
    @test typeof(a) == Vector{Pair}
    @test typeof(a) <: Vector{Pair}
end

# issue #11366
f11366{T}(x::Type{Ref{T}}) = Ref{x}
@test !isleaftype(Base.return_types(f11366, (Any,))[1])

# issue #11065, #1571
function f11065()
    for i = 1:2
        if i == 1
            z = "z is defined"
        elseif i == 2
            print(z)
        end
    end
end
@test_throws UndefVarError f11065()

# issue #11295
function f11295(x...)
    call = Expr(x...)
end
@test isa(f11295(:a,:b), Expr)

# issue #11675
immutable T11675{T}
    x::T
    T11675() = new()
end
let x = T11675{Union{}}()
    function f11675(x)
        x.x + 1
    end
    @test_throws UndefRefError f11675(x)
end

# issue #7864
module M7864
export x7864
x7864 = 1
end

@test_throws UndefVarError x7864
using M7864
@test x7864 == 1

# issue #11715
f11715(x) = (x === Tuple{Any})
@test f11715(Tuple{Any})

# part of #11597
# make sure invalid, partly-constructed types don't end up in the cache
abstract C11597{T<:Union{Void, Int}}
type D11597{T} <: C11597{T} d::T end
@test_throws TypeError D11597(1.0)
@test_throws TypeError repr(D11597(1.0))

# issue #11772
@test_throws UndefRefError (cell(5)...)

# issue #11813
let a = UInt8[1, 107, 66, 88, 2, 99, 254, 13, 0, 0, 0, 0]
    u32 = UInt32[0x3]
    a[9:end] = reinterpret(UInt8, u32)
    p = pointer(a)
    @test (Int8(1),(Int8(2),Int32(3))) === unsafe_load(convert(Ptr{Tuple{Int8,Tuple{Int8,Int32}}},p))
    f11813(p) = (Int8(1),(Int8(2),Int32(3))) === unsafe_load(convert(Ptr{Tuple{Int8,Tuple{Int8,Int32}}},p))
    @test f11813(p) === true # redundant comparison test seems to make this test more reliable, don't remove
end
let a = (1:1000...),
    b = (1:1000...)
    @test a == b
    @test a === b
    @test (a == b) === true
    @test (a === b) === true
end

# issue 11858
type Foo11858
    x::Float64
end

type Bar11858
    x::Float64
end

g11858(x::Float64) = x
f11858(a) = for Baz in a
    Baz(x) = Baz(float(x))
end
f11858(Any[Foo11858, Bar11858, g11858])

@test g11858(1) == 1.0
@test Foo11858(1).x == 1.0
@test Bar11858(1).x == 1.0

# issue 11904
@noinline throw_error() = error()
foo11904(x::Int) = x
@inline function foo11904{S}(x::Nullable{S})
    if isbits(S)
        Nullable(foo11904(x.value), x.isnull)
    else
        throw_error()
    end
end

@test !foo11904(Nullable(1)).isnull

# issue 11874
immutable Foo11874
   x::Int
end

function bar11874(x)
   y::Foo11874
   y=x
end

Base.convert(::Type{Foo11874},x::Int) = float(x)

@test_throws TypeError bar11874(1)

# issue #9233
let
    err = @test_throws TypeError NTuple{Int, 1}
    @test err.func == :apply_type
    @test err.expected == Int
    @test err.got == Int

    err = @test_throws TypeError NTuple{0x1, Int}
    @test err.func == :apply_type
    @test err.expected == Int
    @test err.got == 0x1
end

# 11996
@test_throws ErrorException NTuple{-1, Int}
@test_throws TypeError Union{Int, 1}

# issue #10930
@test isa(code_typed(promote,(Any,Any,Vararg{Any})), Array)
find_tvar10930{T<:Tuple}(sig::Type{T}) = 1
function find_tvar10930(arg)
    if arg<:Tuple
        find_tvar10930(arg[random_var_name])
    end
    return 1
end
@test find_tvar10930(Vararg{Int}) === 1

# issue #12003
const DATE12003 = DateTime(1917,1,1)
failure12003(dt=DATE12003) = Dates.year(dt)
@test isa(failure12003(), Integer)

# issue #12023 Test error checking in bitstype
@test_throws ErrorException bitstype 0 SPJa12023
@test_throws ErrorException bitstype 4294967312 SPJb12023
@test_throws ErrorException bitstype -4294967280 SPJc12023

# issue #12089
type A12089{K, N}
    sz::NTuple{N, Int}
    A12089(sz::NTuple{N, Int}) = new(sz)
end
A12089{-1, 1}((1,))

# issue #12092
f12092(x::Int, y) = 0
f12092(x::Int,) = 1
f12092(x::Int, y::Int...) = 2
@test f12092(1) == 1

# issue #12096
let a = Val{Val{TypeVar(:_,Int,true)}}
    @test_throws UndefRefError a.instance
    @test !isleaftype(a)
end

# PR #12058
let N = TypeVar(:N,true)
    @test typeintersect(NTuple{N,Int}, NTuple{N,Float64}) === Tuple{}
end

# issue #12063
# NOTE: should have > MAX_TUPLETYPE_LEN arguments
f12063{T}(tt, g, p, c, b, v, cu::T, d::AbstractArray{T, 2}, ve) = 1
f12063(args...) = 2
g12063() = f12063(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.0, spzeros(0,0), Int[])
@test g12063() == 1

# issue #11587
type Sampler11587{N}
    clampedpos::Array{Int,2}
    buf::Array{Float64,N}
end
function Sampler11587()
    a = tuple(Any[32,32]...,)
    Sampler11587(zeros(Int,a), zeros(Float64,a))
end
@test isa(Sampler11587(), Sampler11587{2})

# issue #8010 - error when convert returns wrong type during new()
immutable Vec8010{T}
    x::T
    y::T
end
Vec8010(a::AbstractVector) = Vec8010(ntuple(x->a[x],2)...)
Base.convert{T}(::Type{Vec8010{T}},x::AbstractVector) = Vec8010(x)
Base.convert(::Type{Void},x::AbstractVector) = Vec8010(x)
immutable MyType8010
     m::Vec8010{Float32}
end
immutable MyType8010_ghost
     m::Void
end
@test_throws TypeError MyType8010([3.0;4.0])
@test_throws TypeError MyType8010_ghost([3.0;4.0])

# don't allow redefining types if ninitialized changes
immutable NInitializedTestType
    a
end

@test_throws ErrorException @eval immutable NInitializedTestType
    a
    NInitializedTestType() = new()
end

# issue #12394
type Empty12394 end
let x = Array(Empty12394,1), y = [Empty12394()]
    @test_throws UndefRefError x==y
    @test_throws UndefRefError y==x
end

# object_id of haspadding field
immutable HasPadding
    x::Bool
    y::Int
end
immutable HasHasPadding
    x::HasPadding
end
hashaspadding = HasHasPadding(HasPadding(true,1))
hashaspadding2 = HasHasPadding(HasPadding(true,1))
unsafe_store!(convert(Ptr{UInt8},pointer_from_objref(hashaspadding)), 0x12, 2)
unsafe_store!(convert(Ptr{UInt8},pointer_from_objref(hashaspadding2)), 0x21, 2)
@test object_id(hashaspadding) == object_id(hashaspadding2)

# issue #12517
let x = (1,2)
    @eval f12517() = Val{$x}
    @test f12517() === Val{(1,2)}
end

# issue #12476
function f12476(a)
    (k, v) = a
    v
end
@inferred f12476(1.0 => 1)

# don't allow Vararg{} in Union{} type constructor
@test_throws TypeError Union{Int,Vararg{Int}}

# don't allow Vararg{} in Tuple{} type constructor in non-trailing position
@test_throws TypeError Tuple{Vararg{Int32},Int64,Float64}
@test_throws TypeError Tuple{Int64,Vararg{Int32},Float64}

# issue #12551 (make sure these don't throw in inference)
Base.return_types(unsafe_load, (Ptr{nothing},))
Base.return_types(getindex, (Vector{nothing},))

# issue #12636
module MyColors

abstract Paint{T}
immutable RGB{T<:FloatingPoint} <: Paint{T}
    r::T
    g::T
    b::T
end

myeltype{T}(::Type{Paint{T}}) = T
myeltype{P<:Paint}(::Type{P}) = myeltype(super(P))
myeltype(::Type{Any}) = Any

end

@test @inferred(MyColors.myeltype(MyColors.RGB{Float32})) == Float32
@test @inferred(MyColors.myeltype(MyColors.RGB)) == Any

# issue #12612 (handle the case when `call` is not defined)
Main.eval(:(type Foo12612 end))

baremodule A12612
import Main: Foo12612
f1() = Foo12612()
f2() = Main.Foo12612()
end

## Don't panic in type inference if call is not defined
code_typed(A12612.f1, Tuple{})
code_typed(A12612.f2, Tuple{})
@test_throws ErrorException A12612.f1()
@test_throws ErrorException A12612.f2()