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Deploy

Amazon EKS Cluster: Hello World!

This example deploys an EKS Kubernetes cluster with an EBS-backed StorageClass, and deploys a Kubernetes Namespace and Deployment of NGINX into the cluster.

Deploying the App

To deploy your infrastructure, follow the below steps.

Prerequisites

  1. Install Pulumi
  2. Install Node.js
  3. Install a package manager for Node.js, such as npm or Yarn.
  4. Configure AWS Credentials
  5. Install aws-iam-authenticator

Steps

After cloning this repo, from this working directory, run these commands:

  1. Install the required Node.js packages:

    This installs the dependent packages needed for our Pulumi program.

    $ npm install
  2. Create a new stack, which is an isolated deployment target for this example:

    This will initialize the Pulumi program in TypeScript.

    $ pulumi stack init
  3. Set the required AWS configuration variables:

    This sets configuration options and default values for our cluster.

    $ pulumi config set aws:region us-west-2
  4. Stand up the EKS cluster:

    To preview and deploy changes, run pulumi update and select "yes."

    The update sub-command shows a preview of the resources that will be created and prompts on whether to proceed with the deployment. Note that the stack itself is counted as a resource, though it does not correspond to a physical cloud resource.

    You can also run pulumi up --diff to see and inspect the diffs of the overall changes expected to take place.

    Running pulumi up will deploy the EKS cluster. Note, provisioning a new EKS cluster takes between 10-15 minutes.

    $ pulumi update
    Previewing update (eks-demo):
    
        Type                                          Name                              	Plan
    +   pulumi:pulumi:Stack                           eks-hello-world-eks-demo     			create
    +   ├─ eks:index:Cluster                          helloworld                          	create
    +   │  ├─ eks:index:ServiceRole                   helloworld-eksRole                  	create
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:Role                         helloworld-eksRole-role             	create
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-eksRole-90eb1c99         	create
    +   │  │  └─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-eksRole-4b490823         	create
    +   │  ├─ eks:index:ServiceRole                   helloworld-instanceRole             	create
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:Role                         helloworld-instanceRole-role        	create
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-instanceRole-03516f97    	create
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-instanceRole-e1b295bd    	create
    +   │  │  └─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-instanceRole-3eb088f2    	create
    +   │  ├─ pulumi-nodejs:dynamic:Resource          helloworld-cfnStackName             	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:SecurityGroup                   helloworld-eksClusterSecurityGroup  	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:iam:InstanceProfile                 helloworld-instanceProfile          	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:eks:Cluster                         helloworld-eksCluster               	create
    +   │  ├─ pulumi-nodejs:dynamic:Resource          helloworld-vpc-cni                  	create
    +   │  ├─ pulumi:providers:kubernetes             helloworld-eks-k8s                  	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:SecurityGroup                   helloworld-nodeSecurityGroup        	create
    +   │  ├─ kubernetes:core:ConfigMap               helloworld-nodeAccess               	create
    +   │  ├─ kubernetes:storage.k8s.io:StorageClass  helloworld-gp2                      	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:SecurityGroupRule               helloworld-eksClusterIngressRule    	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:LaunchConfiguration             helloworld-nodeLaunchConfiguration  	create
    +   │  ├─ aws:cloudformation:Stack                helloworld-nodes                    	create
    +   │  └─ pulumi:providers:kubernetes             helloworld-provider                 	create
    +   └─ aws-infra:network:Network                  vpc                               	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Vpc                             vpc                               	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Eip                             vpc-nat-0                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Eip                             vpc-nat-1                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:InternetGateway                 vpc                               	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-nat-1                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-0                             	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-nat-0                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-1                             	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTable                      vpc                               	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:NatGateway                      vpc-nat-1                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-nat-1                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:NatGateway                      vpc-nat-0                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-nat-0                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTable                      vpc-nat-1                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTable                      vpc-nat-0                         	create
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-1                             	create
    +      └─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-0                             	create
    
    Resources:
        + 42 to create
    
    clusterng (eks-demo):
    
        Type                                          Name                              	Status      Info
    +   pulumi:pulumi:Stack                           eks-hello-world-eks-demo     			created
    +   ├─ eks:index:Cluster                          helloworld                          	created
    +   │  ├─ eks:index:ServiceRole                   helloworld-eksRole                  	created
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:Role                         helloworld-eksRole-role             	created
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-eksRole-90eb1c99         	created
    +   │  │  └─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-eksRole-4b490823         	created
    +   │  ├─ eks:index:ServiceRole                   helloworld-instanceRole             	created
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:Role                         helloworld-instanceRole-role        	created
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-instanceRole-3eb088f2    	created
    +   │  │  ├─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-instanceRole-03516f97    	created
    +   │  │  └─ aws:iam:RolePolicyAttachment         helloworld-instanceRole-e1b295bd    	created
    +   │  ├─ pulumi-nodejs:dynamic:Resource          helloworld-cfnStackName             	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:iam:InstanceProfile                 helloworld-instanceProfile          	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:SecurityGroup                   helloworld-eksClusterSecurityGroup  	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:eks:Cluster                         helloworld-eksCluster               	created
    +   │  ├─ pulumi:providers:kubernetes             helloworld-eks-k8s                  	created
    +   │  ├─ pulumi-nodejs:dynamic:Resource          helloworld-vpc-cni                  	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:SecurityGroup                   helloworld-nodeSecurityGroup        	created
    +   │  ├─ kubernetes:core:ConfigMap               helloworld-nodeAccess               	created
    +   │  ├─ kubernetes:storage.k8s.io:StorageClass  helloworld-gp2                      	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:SecurityGroupRule               helloworld-eksClusterIngressRule    	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:ec2:LaunchConfiguration             helloworld-nodeLaunchConfiguration  	created
    +   │  ├─ aws:cloudformation:Stack                helloworld-nodes                    	created
    +   │  └─ pulumi:providers:kubernetes             helloworld-provider                 	created
    +   └─ aws-infra:network:Network                  vpc                               	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Vpc                             vpc                               	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Eip                             vpc-nat-0                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Eip                             vpc-nat-1                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:InternetGateway                 vpc                               	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-nat-1                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-0                             	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-nat-0                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:Subnet                          vpc-1                             	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTable                      vpc                               	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:NatGateway                      vpc-nat-1                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:NatGateway                      vpc-nat-0                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-nat-0                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-nat-1                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTable                      vpc-nat-1                         	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-1                             	created
    +      ├─ aws:ec2:RouteTable                      vpc-nat-0                         	created
    +      └─ aws:ec2:RouteTableAssociation           vpc-0                             	created
    
    Diagnostics:
    pulumi:pulumi:Stack (eks-hello-world-eks-demo):
    
    Outputs:
        kubeconfig: {
            apiVersion     : "v1"
            clusters       : [
                [0]: {
                    cluster: {
                        certificate-authority-data: "<CERT_DATA>"
                        server                    : "https://<SERVER_ADDR>.us-west-2.eks.amazonaws.com"
                    }
                    name   : "kubernetes"
                }
            ]
            contexts       : [
                [0]: {
                    context: {
                        cluster: "kubernetes"
                        user   : "aws"
                    }
                    name   : "aws"
                }
            ]
            current-context: "aws"
            kind           : "Config"
            users          : [
                [0]: {
                    name: "aws"
                    user: {
                        exec: {
                            apiVersion: "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1"
                            args      : [
                                [0]: "token"
                                [1]: "-i"
                                [2]: "helloworld-eksCluster-e9e1711"
                            ]
                            command   : "aws-iam-authenticator"
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    
    Resources:
        + 42 created
    
    Duration: 13m7s
  5. After 10-15 minutes, your cluster will be ready, and the kubeconfig JSON you'll use to connect to the cluster will be available as an output.

    As part of the update, you'll see some new objects in the output: a Namespace in Kubernetes to deploy into, a Deployment resource for the NGINX app, and a LoadBalancer Service to publicly access NGINX.

    Pulumi understands which changes to a given cloud resource can be made in place, and which require replacement, and computes the minimally disruptive change to achieve the desired state.

    Note: Pulumi auto-generates a suffix for all objects. See the Pulumi Programming Model for more info.

    deploymentName : "helloworld-58jkmc7c"
    ...
    namespaceName  : "helloworld-xaldhgca"
    serviceHostname: "a71f5ab3f2a6e11e3ac39200f4a9ad5d-1297981966.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com"
    serviceName    : "helloworld-3fc2uhh7"
    

    If you visit the FQDN listed in serviceHostname you should land on the NGINX welcome page. Note that it may take a minute or so for the LoadBalancer to become active on AWS.

  6. Access the Kubernetes Cluster using kubectl

    To access your new Kubernetes cluster using kubectl, we need to set up the kubeconfig file and download kubectl. We can leverage the Pulumi stack output in the CLI, as Pulumi facilitates exporting these objects for us.

    $ pulumi stack output kubeconfig --show-secrets > kubeconfig
    $ export KUBECONFIG=$PWD/kubeconfig
    $ export KUBERNETES_VERSION=1.11.5 && sudo curl -s -o /usr/local/bin/kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v${KUBERNETES_VERSION}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/kubectl
    
    $ kubectl version
    $ kubectl cluster-info
    $ kubectl get nodes

    We can also use the stack output to query the cluster for our newly created Deployment:

    $ kubectl get deployment $(pulumi stack output deploymentName) --namespace=$(pulumi stack output namespaceName)
    $ kubectl get service $(pulumi stack output serviceName) --namespace=$(pulumi stack output namespaceName)

    We can also create another NGINX Deployment into the default namespace using kubectl natively:

    $ kubectl create deployment my-nginx --image=nginx
    $ kubectl get pods
    $ kubectl delete deployment my-nginx

    By deploying the NGINX image in this way, it is outside of Pulumi's control. But this is simply to show that we can control our cluster via the CLI as well.

  7. Experimentation

    From here on, feel free to experiment. Make edits and run pulumi up afterwards to incrementally update your stack.

    Running Off-the-Shelf Guestbook YAML

    For example, if you wish to pull existing Kubernetes YAML manifests into Pulumi to aid in your transition, append the following code block to the existing index.ts file and run pulumi up.

    This is an example of how to create the standard Kubernetes Guestbook manifests in Pulumi using the Guestbook YAML manifests. We take the additional steps of transforming its properties to use the same Namespace and metadata labels that the NGINX stack uses, and also make its frontend service use a LoadBalancer typed Service to expose it publicly.

    // Create resources for the Kubernetes Guestbook from its YAML manifests
    const guestbook = new k8s.yaml.ConfigFile("guestbook",
        {
            file: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pulumi/pulumi-kubernetes/master/tests/sdk/nodejs/examples/yaml-guestbook/yaml/guestbook.yaml",
            transformations: [
                (obj: any) => {
                    // Do transformations on the YAML to use the same namespace and
                    // labels as the NGINX stack above
                    if (obj.metadata.labels) {
                        obj.metadata.labels['appClass'] = namespaceName
                    } else {
                        obj.metadata.labels = appLabels
                    }
    
                    // Make the 'frontend' Service public by setting it to be of type
                    // LoadBalancer
                    if (obj.kind == "Service" && obj.metadata.name == "frontend") {
                        if (obj.spec) {
                            obj.spec.type = "LoadBalancer"
                        }
                    }
                }
            ],
        },
        {
            providers: { "kubernetes": clusterProvider },
        },
    );
    
    // Export the Guestbook public LoadBalancer endpoint
    export const guestbookPublicIP =
        guestbook.getResourceProperty("v1/Service", "frontend", "status").apply(s => s.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip);
  8. Once you've finished experimenting, tear down your stack's resources by destroying and removing it:

    $ pulumi destroy --yes
    $ pulumi stack rm --yes