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StatsBomb PassSonars.R
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StatsBomb PassSonars.R
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#PassSonar tutorial using StatsBomb free data
#Created by: Eliot McKinley
#Contact: [email protected]
#Date: February 3 2019
library(tidyverse)
library(viridis)
library(StatsBombR)
#load in pitch plot function
source('./Functions/createPitchETM.R')
#load in Statsbomb data
StatsBombData = StatsBombFreeEvents()
#filter to one competion and include only open play passes, and round pass angle
#to nearest x degrees
round.angle=15
NWSL.passes=StatsBombData%>%filter(competition_id==49,
type.name=="Pass",
! play_pattern.name %in% c("From Corner", "From Free Kick", "From Throw In"))%>%
mutate(angle.round=round(pass.angle*180/pi/round.angle)*round.angle)
#create data frame for sonars per player and team for a season
#this normalizes the most frequent pass angle to 1 and all other angles relative to that angle
#it also associates pass distance with each angle, but this can be changed to anything
#such as pass success or any other metric
sonar=NWSL.passes%>%
group_by(player.name, team.name)%>%
mutate(N=n())%>%
ungroup()%>%
group_by(player.name, team.name, angle.round)%>%
mutate(n.angle=n()/N)%>%
ungroup()%>%
group_by(player.name, team.name)%>%
mutate(maxN=max(n.angle),
angle.norm=n.angle/maxN)%>%
ungroup()%>%
group_by(angle.round, player.name, team.name,N)%>%
summarize(angle.norm=mean(angle.norm),
distance=mean(pass.length),
distance=ifelse(distance>30, 30,distance))
#plot sonar for a single player
#depending on the data source, you may have to change the start and direction
#for the polar coordinates
#hint: choose an outside back or midfielder to verify these parameters
players=unique(sonar$player.name)
ggplot(sonar%>%filter(player.name == players[57]))+geom_bar(aes(x=angle.round, y=angle.norm, fill=distance), stat="identity")+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,1))+
scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(-180,180, by=90), limits=c(-180,180))+
coord_polar(start=pi, direction=1)+
scale_fill_viridis("Distance (yards)", limits=c(0,30), na.value="#FDE725FF")+
labs(x='', y='',title= players[57])+
theme_void()+
theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust=0.5),
#legend.position = "none", #uncomment to remove colorbar
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA))
#Plotting on top of a field by a team's formation
#The trick is to save each players PassSonar as a grob into a list. Then using
#annotation_custom() each PassSonar is placed in the correct position on the pitch
#It takes some trial and error to get the PassSonars into the correct position
text_color="black"
background_color="white"
radar.size=27
ymax=80
xmax=120
team.select="North Carolina Courage"
match.select=7444
game.lineup=StatsBombData%>%filter(team.name==team.select, type.name=='Starting XI', match_id==match.select )
game.players=game.lineup$tactics.lineup[[1]][["player.name"]]
team.formation= parse_number( game.lineup$tactics.formation)
#game.lineup$tactics.lineup[[1]][["position.name"]] #uncomment to view positions to help place into correct locations of field
player.plots=list()
for (i in 1:length(game.players)){
plot.data=sonar%>%filter(team.name==team.select & player.name==game.players[i])
player.plots[[i]]=ggplot(plot.data)+geom_bar(aes(x=angle.round, y=angle.norm, fill=distance), stat="identity")+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,1))+
scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(-180,180, by=90), limits=c(-180,180))+
coord_polar(start=pi, direction=1)+
scale_fill_viridis("Distance (yards)", limits=c(0,30), na.value="#FDE725FF")+
labs(x='', y='',title=plot.data$player.name[1])+
theme_void()+
theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust=0.5, color=text_color),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA),
legend.position = "none")
player.plots[[i]]=ggplotGrob(player.plots[[i]])
if (i==length(game.players)){
colorbar=
ggplot(plot.data)+geom_bar(aes(x=angle.round, y=angle.norm, fill=distance), stat="identity")+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0,0))+
scale_fill_viridis("", limits=c(0,30), na.value="#FDE725FF")+
labs(x='', y='')+
theme_void()+
theme( legend.position = "bottom",
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent",colour = NA))
colorbar=ggplotGrob(colorbar)
}
}
#this is a 4-4-2 example. Use similar methods for other formations
if (team.formation==442){
team.formation='4-4-2'
back.line=20
mid.line=48
forward.line=77
p=createPitch(grass_colour = background_color,goal_colour=text_colour, line_colour = text.color)+coord_flip(ylim=c(0,80))+
theme(aspect.ratio = 120/80, plot.title = element_text(size=18, hjust=0.5, vjust=-2, color=text.color),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = background_color,colour = NA),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = background_color,colour = NA))+
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[1]], xmin=-9, xmax=-9+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2+radar.size/2-1.5, y=ymax/2-radar.size/2-1.5)+ #GK
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[2]], xmin=back.line+3, xmax=back.line+3+radar.size, ymax=ymax+1, y=ymax-radar.size+1)+ #RB
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[5]], xmin=back.line+3, xmax=back.line+3+radar.size, ymax=-3+radar.size, y=-3)+ #LB
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[4]], xmin=back.line, xmax=back.line+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2-23.5+radar.size, y=ymax/2-23.5)+ #LCB
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[3]], xmin=back.line, xmax=back.line+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2-6+radar.size, y=ymax/2-6)+ #RCB
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[7]], xmin=mid.line, xmax=mid.line+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2-23.5+radar.size, y=ymax/2-23.5)+ #LCM
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[6]], xmin=mid.line, xmax=mid.line+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2-6+radar.size, y=ymax/2-6)+ #RCM
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[10]], xmin=forward.line, xmax=forward.line+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2-3+radar.size, y=ymax/2-3)+ #RF
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[11]], xmin=forward.line, xmax=forward.line+radar.size, ymax=ymax/2-26+radar.size, y=ymax/2-26)+ #LF
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[8]], xmin=mid.line+5, xmax=mid.line+5+radar.size, ymax=ymax+1, y=ymax-radar.size+1)+ #RM
annotation_custom(grob=player.plots[[9]], xmin=mid.line+5, xmax=mid.line+5+radar.size, ymax=-3+radar.size, y=-3)+ #LM
annotation_custom(grob=colorbar, xmin=3, xmax=7, ymin=1, ymax=18)+
annotate("text", label="concept:@etmckinley\ndata:@StatsBomb", x=6, y=79, hjust=1,vjust=1 ,size=3.75, color=text.color)+
annotate("text", label="Mean Pass Distance (Yards)", x=9, y=3, hjust=0, size=3, color=text.color)+
annotate("text", label='Bar length = normalized pass angle frequency; Bar color = mean pass distance', color=text.color, x=-2, y=79, hjust=1, size=3)+
annotate("text", label=paste0('Starting Formation: ', team.formation), color=text.color, x=-2, y=0, hjust=0, size=5, fontface="bold")+
annotate("text", label=paste0('PassSonar: ', team.select), color=text.color, x=121.5, y=0, hjust=0, size=9, fontface="bold")+
guides(fill = guide_colourbar())
}
ggsave(p, file=paste0('./', team.select,' PassSonar.png'), width=9.5, height=11.5, dpi=150, bg=background_color )