mod.ts

// Copyright 2018-2019 the Deno authors. All rights reserved. MIT license.

import { decode, encode } from "../strings/strings.ts";

type Conn = Deno.Conn;
type Writer = Deno.Writer;
import { BufReader, BufWriter } from "../io/bufio.ts";
import { readLong, readShort, sliceLongToBytes } from "../io/ioutil.ts";
import { Sha1 } from "./sha1.ts";
import { writeResponse } from "../http/server.ts";
import { TextProtoReader } from "../textproto/mod.ts";

export enum OpCode {
  Continue = 0x0,
  TextFrame = 0x1,
  BinaryFrame = 0x2,
  Close = 0x8,
  Ping = 0x9,
  Pong = 0xa
}

export type WebSocketEvent =
  | string
  | Uint8Array
  | WebSocketCloseEvent
  | WebSocketPingEvent
  | WebSocketPongEvent;

export interface WebSocketCloseEvent {
  code: number;
  reason?: string;
}

export function isWebSocketCloseEvent(a: WebSocketEvent): a is WebSocketCloseEvent {
  return typeof a === "object" && a.hasOwnProperty("code");
}

export type WebSocketPingEvent = ["ping", Uint8Array];

export function isWebSocketPingEvent(a: WebSocketEvent): a is WebSocketPingEvent {
  return Array.isArray(a) && a[0] === "ping" && a[1] instanceof Uint8Array;
}

export type WebSocketPongEvent = ["pong", Uint8Array];

export function isWebSocketPongEvent(a: WebSocketEvent): a is WebSocketPongEvent {
  return Array.isArray(a) && a[0] === "pong" && a[1] instanceof Uint8Array;
}

export type WebSocketMessage = string | Uint8Array;

// TODO move this to common/util module
export function append(a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
  if (a == null || !a.length) {
    return b;
  }
  if (b == null || !b.length) {
    return a;
  }
  const output = new Uint8Array(a.length + b.length);
  output.set(a, 0);
  output.set(b, a.length);
  return output;
}

export class SocketClosedError extends Error {}

export interface WebSocketFrame {
  isLastFrame: boolean;
  opcode: OpCode;
  mask?: Uint8Array;
  payload: Uint8Array;
}

export interface WebSocket {
  readonly conn: Conn;
  readonly isClosed: boolean;

  receive(): AsyncIterableIterator<WebSocketEvent>;

  send(data: WebSocketMessage): Promise<void>;

  ping(data?: WebSocketMessage): Promise<void>;

  close(code: number, reason?: string): Promise<void>;
}

/** Unmask masked websocket payload */
export function unmask(payload: Uint8Array, mask?: Uint8Array): void {
  if (mask) {
    for (let i = 0, len = payload.length; i < len; i++) {
      payload[i] ^= mask![i & 3];
    }
  }
}

/** Write websocket frame to given writer */
export async function writeFrame(
  frame: WebSocketFrame,
  writer: Writer
): Promise<void> {
  const payloadLength = frame.payload.byteLength;
  let header: Uint8Array;
  const hasMask = frame.mask ? 0x80 : 0;
  if (frame.mask && frame.mask.byteLength !== 4) {
    throw new Error(
      "invalid mask. mask must be 4 bytes: length=" + frame.mask.byteLength
    );
  }
  if (payloadLength < 126) {
    header = new Uint8Array([0x80 | frame.opcode, hasMask | payloadLength]);
  } else if (payloadLength < 0xffff) {
    header = new Uint8Array([
      0x80 | frame.opcode,
      hasMask | 0b01111110,
      payloadLength >>> 8,
      payloadLength & 0x00ff
    ]);
  } else {
    header = new Uint8Array([
      0x80 | frame.opcode,
      hasMask | 0b01111111,
      ...sliceLongToBytes(payloadLength)
    ]);
  }
  if (frame.mask) {
    header = append(header, frame.mask);
  }
  unmask(frame.payload, frame.mask);
  header = append(header, frame.payload);
  const w = BufWriter.create(writer);
  await w.write(header);
  const err = await w.flush();
  if (err) throw err;
}

/** Read websocket frame from given BufReader */
export async function readFrame(buf: BufReader): Promise<WebSocketFrame> {
  let b = await buf.readByte();
  let isLastFrame = false;
  switch (b >>> 4) {
    case 0b1000:
      isLastFrame = true;
      break;
    case 0b0000:
      isLastFrame = false;
      break;
    default:
      throw new Error("invalid signature");
  }
  const opcode = b & 0x0f;
  // has_mask & payload
  b = await buf.readByte();
  const hasMask = b >>> 7;
  let payloadLength = b & 0b01111111;
  if (payloadLength === 126) {
    payloadLength = await readShort(buf);
  } else if (payloadLength === 127) {
    payloadLength = await readLong(buf);
  }
  // mask
  let mask;
  if (hasMask) {
    mask = new Uint8Array(4);
    await buf.readFull(mask);
  }
  // payload
  const payload = new Uint8Array(payloadLength);
  await buf.readFull(payload);
  return {
    isLastFrame,
    opcode,
    mask,
    payload
  };
}

// Create client-to-server mask, random 32bit number
function createMask(): Uint8Array {
  // TODO: use secure and immutable random function. Crypto.getRandomValues()
  const arr = Array.from({ length: 4 }).map(
    (): number => Math.round(Math.random() * 0xff)
  );
  return new Uint8Array(arr);
}

class WebSocketImpl implements WebSocket {
  private readonly mask?: Uint8Array;
  private readonly bufReader: BufReader;
  private readonly bufWriter: BufWriter;

  constructor(
    readonly conn: Conn,
    opts: {
      bufReader?: BufReader;
      bufWriter?: BufWriter;
      mask?: Uint8Array;
    } = {}
  ) {
    this.mask = opts.mask || createMask();
    this.bufReader = opts.bufReader || new BufReader(conn);
    this.bufWriter = opts.bufWriter || new BufWriter(conn);
  }

  async *receive(): AsyncIterableIterator<WebSocketEvent> {
    let frames: WebSocketFrame[] = [];
    let payloadsLength = 0;
    while (true) {
      const frame = await readFrame(this.bufReader);
      unmask(frame.payload, frame.mask);
      switch (frame.opcode) {
        case OpCode.TextFrame:
        case OpCode.BinaryFrame:
        case OpCode.Continue:
          frames.push(frame);
          payloadsLength += frame.payload.length;
          if (frame.isLastFrame) {
            const concat = new Uint8Array(payloadsLength);
            let offs = 0;
            for (const frame of frames) {
              concat.set(frame.payload, offs);
              offs += frame.payload.length;
            }
            if (frames[0].opcode === OpCode.TextFrame) {
              // text
              yield decode(concat);
            } else {
              // binary
              yield concat;
            }
            frames = [];
            payloadsLength = 0;
          }
          break;
        case OpCode.Close:
          // [0x12, 0x34] -> 0x1234
          const code = (frame.payload[0] << 8) | frame.payload[1];
          const reason = decode(
            frame.payload.subarray(2, frame.payload.length)
          );
          await this.close(code, reason);
          yield { code, reason };
          return;
        case OpCode.Ping:
          await writeFrame(
            {
              opcode: OpCode.Pong,
              payload: frame.payload,
              isLastFrame: true
            },
            this.bufWriter
          );
          yield ["ping", frame.payload] as WebSocketPingEvent;
          break;
        case OpCode.Pong:
          yield ["pong", frame.payload] as WebSocketPongEvent;
          break;
        default:
      }
    }
  }

  async send(data: WebSocketMessage): Promise<void> {
    if (this.isClosed) {
      throw new SocketClosedError("socket has been closed");
    }
    const opcode =
      typeof data === "string" ? OpCode.TextFrame : OpCode.BinaryFrame;
    const payload = typeof data === "string" ? encode(data) : data;
    const isLastFrame = true;
    await writeFrame(
      {
        isLastFrame,
        opcode,
        payload,
        mask: this.mask
      },
      this.bufWriter
    );
  }

  async ping(data: WebSocketMessage = ""): Promise<void> {
    const payload = typeof data === "string" ? encode(data) : data;
    await writeFrame(
      {
        isLastFrame: true,
        opcode: OpCode.Ping,
        mask: this.mask,
        payload
      },
      this.bufWriter
    );
  }

  private _isClosed = false;
  get isClosed(): boolean {
    return this._isClosed;
  }

  async close(code: number, reason?: string): Promise<void> {
    try {
      const header = [code >>> 8, code & 0x00ff];
      let payload: Uint8Array;
      if (reason) {
        const reasonBytes = encode(reason);
        payload = new Uint8Array(2 + reasonBytes.byteLength);
        payload.set(header);
        payload.set(reasonBytes, 2);
      } else {
        payload = new Uint8Array(header);
      }
      await writeFrame(
        {
          isLastFrame: true,
          opcode: OpCode.Close,
          mask: this.mask,
          payload
        },
        this.bufWriter
      );
    } catch (e) {
      throw e;
    } finally {
      this.ensureSocketClosed();
    }
  }

  private ensureSocketClosed(): void {
    if (this.isClosed) {
      return;
    }
    try {
      this.conn.close();
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(e);
    } finally {
      this._isClosed = true;
    }
  }
}

/** Return whether given headers is acceptable for websocket  */
export function acceptable(req: { headers: Headers }): boolean {
  const upgrade = req.headers.get("upgrade");
  if (!upgrade || upgrade.toLowerCase() !== "websocket") {
    return false;
  }
  const secKey = req.headers.get("sec-websocket-key");
  return (
    req.headers.has("sec-websocket-key") &&
    typeof secKey === "string" &&
    secKey.length > 0
  );
}

const kGUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";

/** Create sec-websocket-accept header value with given nonce */
export function createSecAccept(nonce: string): string {
  const sha1 = new Sha1();
  sha1.update(nonce + kGUID);
  const bytes = sha1.digest();
  return btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(String, bytes));
}

/** Upgrade given TCP connection into websocket connection */
export async function acceptWebSocket(req: {
  conn: Conn;
  bufWriter: BufWriter;
  bufReader: BufReader;
  headers: Headers;
}): Promise<WebSocket> {
  const { conn, headers, bufReader, bufWriter } = req;
  if (acceptable(req)) {
    const sock = new WebSocketImpl(conn, { bufReader, bufWriter });
    const secKey = headers.get("sec-websocket-key");
    if (typeof secKey !== "string") {
      throw new Error("sec-websocket-key is not provided");
    }
    const secAccept = createSecAccept(secKey);
    await writeResponse(bufWriter, {
      status: 101,
      headers: new Headers({
        Upgrade: "websocket",
        Connection: "Upgrade",
        "Sec-WebSocket-Accept": secAccept
      })
    });
    return sock;
  }
  throw new Error("request is not acceptable");
}

const kSecChars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-.~_";

/** Create WebSocket-Sec-Key. Base64 encoded 16 bytes string */
export function createSecKey(): string {
  let key = "";
  for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
    const j = Math.round(Math.random() * kSecChars.length);
    key += kSecChars[j];
  }
  return btoa(key);
}

/** Connect to given websocket endpoint url. Endpoint must be acceptable for URL */
export async function connectWebSocket(
  endpoint: string,
  headers: Headers = new Headers()
): Promise<WebSocket> {
  const url = new URL(endpoint);
  const { hostname, pathname, searchParams } = url;
  let port = url.port;
  if (!url.port) {
    if (url.protocol === "http" || url.protocol === "ws") {
      port = "80";
    } else if (url.protocol === "https" || url.protocol === "wss") {
      throw new Error("currently https/wss is not supported");
    }
  }
  const conn = await Deno.dial("tcp", `${hostname}:${port}`);
  const abortHandshake = (err: Error): void => {
    conn.close();
    throw err;
  };
  const bufWriter = new BufWriter(conn);
  const bufReader = new BufReader(conn);
  await bufWriter.write(
    encode(`GET ${pathname}?${searchParams || ""} HTTP/1.1\r\n`)
  );
  const key = createSecKey();
  if (!headers.has("host")) {
    headers.set("host", hostname);
  }
  headers.set("upgrade", "websocket");
  headers.set("connection", "upgrade");
  headers.set("sec-websocket-key", key);
  let headerStr = "";
  for (const [key, value] of headers) {
    headerStr += `${key}: ${value}\r\n`;
  }
  headerStr += "\r\n";
  await bufWriter.write(encode(headerStr));
  let err, statusLine, responseHeaders;
  err = await bufWriter.flush();
  if (err) {
    throw new Error("ws: failed to send handshake: " + err);
  }
  const tpReader = new TextProtoReader(bufReader);
  [statusLine, err] = await tpReader.readLine();
  if (err) {
    abortHandshake(new Error("ws: failed to read status line: " + err));
  }
  const m = statusLine.match(/^(.+?) (.+?) (.+?)$/);
  if (!m) {
    abortHandshake(new Error("ws: invalid status line: " + statusLine));
  }
  const version: string = m![1];
  const statusCode: string = m![2];

  if (version !== "HTTP/1.1" || statusCode !== "101") {
    abortHandshake(
      new Error(
        `ws: server didn't accept handshake: version=${version}, statusCode=${statusCode}`
      )
    );
  }
  [responseHeaders, err] = await tpReader.readMIMEHeader();
  if (err) {
    abortHandshake(new Error("ws: failed to parse response headers: " + err));
  }
  const expectedSecAccept = createSecAccept(key);
  const secAccept = responseHeaders.get("sec-websocket-accept");
  if (secAccept !== expectedSecAccept) {
    abortHandshake(
      new Error(
        `ws: unexpected sec-websocket-accept header: expected=${expectedSecAccept}, actual=${secAccept}`
      )
    );
  }
  return new WebSocketImpl(conn, {
    bufWriter,
    bufReader
  });
}