Solid-liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in nature and frequently encountered and employed in materials simulation. The solvation effect should be taken into account in accurate first-principles calculations of such systems.
Implicit solvation model is a well-developed method to deal with solvation effects, which has been widely used in finite and periodic systems. This approach treats the solvent as a continuous medium instead of individual “explicit” solvent molecules, which means that the solute embedded in an implicit solvent and the average over the solvent degrees of freedom becomes implicit in the properties of the solvent bath.
INPUT_PARAMETERS
imp_sol 1
eb_k 80
tau 0.000010798
sigma_k 0.6
nc_k 0.00037
-
imp_sol
If set to 1, an implicit solvation correction is considered. 0:vacuum calculation(default).
-
eb_k
The relative permittivity of the bulk solvent, 80 for water. Used only if
imp_sol
== true. -
tau
The effective surface tension parameter, which describes the cavitation, the dispersion, and the repulsion interaction between the solute and the solvent that are not captured by the electrostatic terms. We use the values of
tau
,sigma_k
,nc_k
that were obtained by a fit of the model to experimental solvation energies for molecules in water. tau = 0.525$meV/Å^{2}$ = 1.0798e-05$Ry/Bohr^{2}$ . -
sigma_k
We assume a diffuse cavity that is implicitly determined by the electronic structure of the solute.
sigma_k
is the parameter that describes the width of the diffuse cavity. The specific value is sigma_k = 0.6. -
nc_k
nc_k
determines at what value of the electron density the dielectric cavity forms. The specific value is nc_k = 0.0025$Å^{-3}$ = 0.00037$Bohr^{-3}$ .
In this example, we calculate the implicit solvation correction for H2O. The results of the energy calculation are written in the “running_nscf.log” in the OUT folder.
Energy Rydberg eV
E_KohnSham -34.3200995971 -466.948910448
E_Harris -34.2973698556 -466.639656449
E_band -7.66026117767 -104.223200184
E_one_elec -56.9853883251 -775.325983964
E_Hartree +30.0541108968 +408.907156521
E_xc -8.32727420734 -113.298378028
E_Ewald +0.961180728747 +13.0775347188
E_demet +0 +0
E_descf +0 +0
E_efield +0 +0
E_exx +0 +0
E_sol_el -0.0250553663339 -0.340895747619
E_sol_cav +0.00232667606131 +0.031656051834
E_Fermi -0.499934383866 -6.8019562467
- E_sol_el: Electrostatic contribution to the solvation energy.
- E_sol_cav: Cavitation and dispersion contributions to the solvation energy.
Both
E_sol_el
andE_sol_cav
corrections are included inE_KohnSham
.