WW11.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 1. Keras\n",
    "- 描述神经网络的API"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### （1）使用流程\n",
    "- 定义网络  \n",
    "- 编译  \n",
    "- 训练  \n",
    "- 评估  \n",
    "- 预测  \n",
    "- 保存"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 安装 TensorFlow\n",
    "\n",
    "import tensorflow as tf"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Downloading data from https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/mnist.npz\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "Exception",
     "evalue": "URL fetch failure on https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/mnist.npz: None -- [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTimeoutError\u001b[0m                              Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_open\u001b[1;34m(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1317\u001b[0m                 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1318\u001b[1;33m                           encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1319\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mOSError\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# timeout error\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\http\\client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrequest\u001b[1;34m(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1238\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;34m\"\"\"Send a complete request to the server.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1239\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_send_request\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0murl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mheaders\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1240\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\http\\client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_send_request\u001b[1;34m(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1284\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_encode\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'body'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1285\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mendheaders\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1286\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\http\\client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mendheaders\u001b[1;34m(self, message_body, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1233\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mCannotSendHeader\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1234\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_send_output\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmessage_body\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1235\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\http\\client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_send_output\u001b[1;34m(self, message_body, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1025\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mdel\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_buffer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1026\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1027\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\http\\client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msend\u001b[1;34m(self, data)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    963\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mauto_open\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 964\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mconnect\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    965\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\http\\client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mconnect\u001b[1;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1399\u001b[0m             self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1400\u001b[1;33m                                                   server_hostname=server_hostname)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1401\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_context\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcheck_hostname\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_check_hostname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mwrap_socket\u001b[1;34m(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    406\u001b[0m                          \u001b[0mserver_hostname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mserver_hostname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 407\u001b[1;33m                          _context=self, _session=session)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    408\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__init__\u001b[1;34m(self, sock, keyfile, certfile, server_side, cert_reqs, ssl_version, ca_certs, do_handshake_on_connect, family, type, proto, fileno, suppress_ragged_eofs, npn_protocols, ciphers, server_hostname, _context, _session)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    816\u001b[0m                         \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 817\u001b[1;33m                     \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdo_handshake\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    818\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_handshake\u001b[1;34m(self, block)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1076\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msettimeout\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1077\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_sslobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdo_handshake\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1078\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_handshake\u001b[1;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    688\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;34m\"\"\"Start the SSL/TLS handshake.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 689\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_sslobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdo_handshake\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    690\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcontext\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcheck_hostname\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTimeoutError\u001b[0m: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。",
      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mURLError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\python\\keras\\utils\\data_utils.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_file\u001b[1;34m(fname, origin, untar, md5_hash, file_hash, cache_subdir, hash_algorithm, extract, archive_format, cache_dir)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    277\u001b[0m       \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 278\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0murlretrieve\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0morigin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdl_progress\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    279\u001b[0m       \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mHTTPError\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36murlretrieve\u001b[1;34m(url, filename, reporthook, data)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    247\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 248\u001b[1;33m     \u001b[1;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcontextlib\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mclosing\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0murlopen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0murl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    249\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mheaders\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0minfo\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36murlopen\u001b[1;34m(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    222\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mopener\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_opener\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 223\u001b[1;33m     \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopener\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0murl\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtimeout\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    224\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mopen\u001b[1;34m(self, fullurl, data, timeout)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    525\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 526\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[0mresponse\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_open\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    527\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_open\u001b[1;34m(self, req, data)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    543\u001b[0m         result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +\n\u001b[1;32m--> 544\u001b[1;33m                                   '_open', req)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    545\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_call_chain\u001b[1;34m(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    503\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mgetattr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhandler\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmeth_name\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 504\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    505\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mhttps_open\u001b[1;34m(self, req)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1360\u001b[0m             return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1361\u001b[1;33m                 context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1362\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\urllib\\request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_open\u001b[1;34m(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1319\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mOSError\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# timeout error\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1320\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mURLError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1321\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mh\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgetresponse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mURLError\u001b[0m: <urlopen error [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。>",
      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mException\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-2-fb1d30e7c2a1>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmnist\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkeras\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdatasets\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmnist\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 3\u001b[1;33m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx_train\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0my_train\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx_test\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0my_test\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmnist\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mload_data\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx_train\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx_test\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx_train\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m255.0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx_test\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m/\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m255.0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\python\\keras\\datasets\\mnist.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mload_data\u001b[1;34m(path)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     60\u001b[0m       \u001b[0morigin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0morigin_folder\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m+\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'mnist.npz'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     61\u001b[0m       \u001b[0mfile_hash\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m---> 62\u001b[1;33m       '731c5ac602752760c8e48fbffcf8c3b850d9dc2a2aedcf2cc48468fc17b673d1')\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m     63\u001b[0m   \u001b[1;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mload\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mallow_pickle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m     64\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mx_train\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0my_train\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'x_train'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'y_train'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;32mc:\\users\\lenovo\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\tensorflow\\python\\keras\\utils\\data_utils.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_file\u001b[1;34m(fname, origin, untar, md5_hash, file_hash, cache_subdir, hash_algorithm, extract, archive_format, cache_dir)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    280\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0merror_msg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mformat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0morigin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcode\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    281\u001b[0m       \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mURLError\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 282\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0merror_msg\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mformat\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0morigin\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0merrno\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreason\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    283\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    284\u001b[0m       \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mos\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexists\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfpath\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mException\u001b[0m: URL fetch failure on https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/mnist.npz: None -- [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist\n",
    "\n",
    "(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()\n",
    "x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([\n",
    "  tf.keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28)),\n",
    "  tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),\n",
    "  tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),\n",
    "  tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')\n",
    "])\n",
    "\n",
    "model.compile(optimizer='adam',\n",
    "              loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',\n",
    "              metrics=['accuracy'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5)\n",
    "\n",
    "model.evaluate(x_test,  y_test, verbose=2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 2. python面向对象编程\n",
    "- 类"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class cat:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, n):\n",
    "        self.name = n\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def speak(self):\n",
    "        print(\"I am a cat.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class blackCat(cat):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, n):\n",
    "        cat.__init__(self, n)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def speak(self):\n",
    "        print(\"I am a black cat.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "I am a black cat.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "c = blackCat('blackcat')\n",
    "c.speak()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### （2）层和模型"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "from tensorflow import keras"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Linear(keras.layers.Layer):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, units=32, input_dim=32):\n",
    "        super(Linear, self).__init__()\n",
    "        w_init = tf.random_normal_initializer()\n",
    "        self.w = tf.Variable(\n",
    "            initial_value=w_init(shape=(input_dim, units), dtype=\"float32\"),\n",
    "            trainable=True,\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        b_init = tf.zeros_initializer()\n",
    "        self.b = tf.Variable(\n",
    "            initial_value=b_init(shape=(units,), dtype=\"float32\"), trainable=True\n",
    "        )\n",
    "\n",
    "    def call(self, inputs):\n",
    "        return tf.matmul(inputs, self.w) + self.b\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "tf.Tensor(\n",
      "[[-0.00378156  0.0163746  -0.14181149 -0.02880557]\n",
      " [-0.00378156  0.0163746  -0.14181149 -0.02880557]], shape=(2, 4), dtype=float32)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = tf.ones((2, 2))\n",
    "linear_layer = Linear(4, 2)\n",
    "y = linear_layer(x)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- add.weight"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "tf.Tensor(\n",
      "[[ 0.1664833  -0.15944526 -0.04297613  0.06487487]\n",
      " [ 0.1664833  -0.15944526 -0.04297613  0.06487487]], shape=(2, 4), dtype=float32)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Linear(keras.layers.Layer):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, units=32, input_dim=32):\n",
    "        super(Linear, self).__init__()\n",
    "        self.w = self.add_weight(\n",
    "            shape=(input_dim, units), initializer=\"random_normal\", trainable=True\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        self.b = self.add_weight(shape=(units,), initializer=\"zeros\", trainable=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def call(self, inputs):\n",
    "        return tf.matmul(inputs, self.w) + self.b\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "x = tf.ones((2, 2))\n",
    "linear_layer = Linear(4, 2)\n",
    "y = linear_layer(x)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 不可训练权重"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[2. 2.]\n",
      "[4. 4.]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class ComputeSum(keras.layers.Layer):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, input_dim):\n",
    "        super(ComputeSum, self).__init__()\n",
    "        self.total = tf.Variable(initial_value=tf.zeros((input_dim,)), trainable=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "    def call(self, inputs):\n",
    "        self.total.assign_add(tf.reduce_sum(inputs, axis=0))\n",
    "        return self.total\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "x = tf.ones((2, 2))\n",
    "my_sum = ComputeSum(2)\n",
    "y = my_sum(x)\n",
    "print(y.numpy())\n",
    "y = my_sum(x)\n",
    "print(y.numpy())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "- 模型实现：Model类\n",
    "#### （4）训练和评估\n",
    "- 定义和评估  \n",
    "- compile方法  \n",
    "- 自定义损失"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### （5）顺序模型\n",
    "- 创建  \n",
    "- 迁移学习"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "from tensorflow import keras\n",
    "from tensorflow.keras import layers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Model: \"sequential_1\"\n",
      "_________________________________________________________________\n",
      "Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   \n",
      "=================================================================\n",
      "dense_2 (Dense)              (None, 2)                 10        \n",
      "=================================================================\n",
      "Total params: 10\n",
      "Trainable params: 10\n",
      "Non-trainable params: 0\n",
      "_________________________________________________________________\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model = keras.Sequential()\n",
    "model.add(keras.Input(shape=(4,)))\n",
    "model.add(layers.Dense(2, activation=\"relu\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "model.summary()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Model: \"sequential_2\"\n",
      "_________________________________________________________________\n",
      "Layer (type)                 Output Shape              Param #   \n",
      "=================================================================\n",
      "dense_3 (Dense)              (None, 2)                 10        \n",
      "=================================================================\n",
      "Total params: 10\n",
      "Trainable params: 10\n",
      "Non-trainable params: 0\n",
      "_________________________________________________________________\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model = keras.Sequential()\n",
    "model.add(layers.Dense(2, activation=\"relu\", input_shape=(4,)))\n",
    "\n",
    "model.summary()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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