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SAM Hive

The SAM hive contains a wealth of information that can be used to profile an endpoint's accounts. For domain-joined endpoints, the SAM hive will be present on the domain controller. Non-domain joined endpoints will have a resident SAM hive.

Behavioral Indications

  • Behavioral - Persistence (TA0003)

Analysis Value

  • Account - Creation Time
  • Account - Group Membership
  • Account - Last Login
  • Account - Relative Identifier (RID)

Operating System Availability

  • Windows 11
  • Windows 10
  • Windows 8
  • Windows 7
  • Windows Vista
  • Windows XP

Artifact Location(s)

  • File: %SystemRoot%\System32\config\SAM

Artifact Parsers

  • RegistryExplorer (Eric Zimmerman)

Artifact Interpretation

Within the SAM hive, the registry key located at SAM\Domains\Accounts\Users will contain the following values for each account:

  • Relative Identifier (RID)
  • CreatedOn time (Time the account was created)
  • Logon Count
  • Username
  • Password reset questions
  • Password Hints
  • Last Login Time
  • Last Failed Login Time
  • Last Password Change Time

Note

If the account in question is authenticating using Microsoft Live, the Logon Count will be 0.