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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
"http:https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html>
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<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Linux (vers 7 December 2008), see www.w3.org">
<title>Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs</title>
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<body>
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<a name="chap_Temp_1"></a>
<div class="chapterheading">
<h1 class="chapter">Contents</h1>
</div>
<p><a name="%_toc_start" id="%_toc_start"></p>
<div> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_Temp_2" href="book-Z-H-5.html#%_chap_Temp_2">Foreword</a></div>
<div> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_Temp_3" href="book-Z-H-6.html#%_chap_Temp_3">Preface to the Second Edition</a></div>
<div> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_Temp_4" href="book-Z-H-7.html#%_chap_Temp_4">Preface to the First Edition</a></div>
<div> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_Temp_5" href="book-Z-H-8.html#%_chap_Temp_5">Acknowledgments</a></div>
<hr/>
<h3> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_1" href="book-Z-H-9.html#%_chap_1">1 Building Abstractions with Procedures</a></h3>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1">1.1 The Elements of Programming</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.1" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.1">1.1.1 Expressions</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.2" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.2">1.1.2 Naming and the Environment</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.3" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.3">1.1.3 Evaluating Combinations</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.4" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.4">1.1.4 Compound Procedures</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.5" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.5">1.1.5 The Substitution Model for Procedure Application</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.6" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.6">1.1.6 Conditional Expressions and Predicates</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.7" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.7">1.1.7 Example: Square Roots by Newton's Method</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.1.8" href="book-Z-H-10.html#%_sec_1.1.8">1.1.8 Procedures as Black-Box Abstractions</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2">1.2 Procedures and the Processes They Generate</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2.1" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2.1">1.2.1 Linear Recursion and Iteration</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2.2" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2.2">1.2.2 Tree Recursion</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2.3" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2.3">1.2.3 Orders of Growth</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2.4" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2.4">1.2.4 Exponentiation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2.5" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2.5">1.2.5 Greatest Common Divisors</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.2.6" href="book-Z-H-11.html#%_sec_1.2.6">1.2.6 Example: Testing for Primality</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.3" href="book-Z-H-12.html#%_sec_1.3">1.3 Formulating Abstractions with Higher-Order Procedures</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.3.1" href="book-Z-H-12.html#%_sec_1.3.1">1.3.1 Procedures as Arguments</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.3.2" href="book-Z-H-12.html#%_sec_1.3.2">1.3.2 Constructing Procedures Using <tt>Lambda</tt></a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.3.3" href="book-Z-H-12.html#%_sec_1.3.3">1.3.3 Procedures as General Methods</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_1.3.4" href="book-Z-H-12.html#%_sec_1.3.4">1.3.4 Procedures as Returned Values</a></p></p>
<mbp:pagebreak />
<h3> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_2" href="book-Z-H-13.html#%_chap_2">2 Building Abstractions with Data</a></h3>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.1" href="book-Z-H-14.html#%_sec_2.1">2.1 Introduction to Data Abstraction</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.1.1" href="book-Z-H-14.html#%_sec_2.1.1">2.1.1 Example: Arithmetic Operations for Rational Numbers</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.1.2" href="book-Z-H-14.html#%_sec_2.1.2">2.1.2 Abstraction Barriers</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.1.3" href="book-Z-H-14.html#%_sec_2.1.3">2.1.3 What Is Meant by Data?</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.1.4" href="book-Z-H-14.html#%_sec_2.1.4">2.1.4 Extended Exercise: Interval Arithmetic</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.2" href="book-Z-H-15.html#%_sec_2.2">2.2 Hierarchical Data and the Closure Property</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.2.1" href="book-Z-H-15.html#%_sec_2.2.1">2.2.1 Representing Sequences</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.2.2" href="book-Z-H-15.html#%_sec_2.2.2">2.2.2 Hierarchical Structures</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.2.3" href="book-Z-H-15.html#%_sec_2.2.3">2.2.3 Sequences as Conventional Interfaces</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.2.4" href="book-Z-H-15.html#%_sec_2.2.4">2.2.4 Example: A Picture Language</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.3" href="book-Z-H-16.html#%_sec_2.3">2.3 Symbolic Data</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.3.1" href="book-Z-H-16.html#%_sec_2.3.1">2.3.1 Quotation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.3.2" href="book-Z-H-16.html#%_sec_2.3.2">2.3.2 Example: Symbolic Differentiation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.3.3" href="book-Z-H-16.html#%_sec_2.3.3">2.3.3 Example: Representing Sets</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.3.4" href="book-Z-H-16.html#%_sec_2.3.4">2.3.4 Example: Huffman Encoding Trees</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.4" href="book-Z-H-17.html#%_sec_2.4">2.4 Multiple Representations for Abstract Data</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.4.1" href="book-Z-H-17.html#%_sec_2.4.1">2.4.1 Representations for Complex Numbers</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.4.2" href="book-Z-H-17.html#%_sec_2.4.2">2.4.2 Tagged data</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.4.3" href="book-Z-H-17.html#%_sec_2.4.3">2.4.3 Data-Directed Programming and Additivity</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.5" href="book-Z-H-18.html#%_sec_2.5">2.5 Systems with Generic Operations</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.5.1" href="book-Z-H-18.html#%_sec_2.5.1">2.5.1 Generic Arithmetic Operations</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.5.2" href="book-Z-H-18.html#%_sec_2.5.2">2.5.2 Combining Data of Different Types</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_2.5.3" href="book-Z-H-18.html#%_sec_2.5.3">2.5.3 Example: Symbolic Algebra</a></p></p>
<mbp:pagebreak />
<h3> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_3" href="book-Z-H-19.html#%_chap_3">3 Modularity, Objects, and State</a></h3>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.1" href="book-Z-H-20.html#%_sec_3.1">3.1 Assignment and Local State</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.1.1" href="book-Z-H-20.html#%_sec_3.1.1">3.1.1 Local State Variables</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.1.2" href="book-Z-H-20.html#%_sec_3.1.2">3.1.2 The Benefits of Introducing Assignment</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.1.3" href="book-Z-H-20.html#%_sec_3.1.3">3.1.3 The Costs of Introducing Assignment</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.2" href="book-Z-H-21.html#%_sec_3.2">3.2 The Environment Model of Evaluation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.2.1" href="book-Z-H-21.html#%_sec_3.2.1">3.2.1 The Rules for Evaluation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.2.2" href="book-Z-H-21.html#%_sec_3.2.2">3.2.2 Applying Simple Procedures</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.2.3" href="book-Z-H-21.html#%_sec_3.2.3">3.2.3 Frames as the Repository of Local State</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.2.4" href="book-Z-H-21.html#%_sec_3.2.4">3.2.4 Internal Definitions</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.3" href="book-Z-H-22.html#%_sec_3.3">3.3 Modeling with Mutable Data</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.3.1" href="book-Z-H-22.html#%_sec_3.3.1">3.3.1 Mutable List Structure</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.3.2" href="book-Z-H-22.html#%_sec_3.3.2">3.3.2 Representing Queues</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.3.3" href="book-Z-H-22.html#%_sec_3.3.3">3.3.3 Representing Tables</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.3.4" href="book-Z-H-22.html#%_sec_3.3.4">3.3.4 A Simulator for Digital Circuits</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.3.5" href="book-Z-H-22.html#%_sec_3.3.5">3.3.5 Propagation of Constraints</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.4" href="book-Z-H-23.html#%_sec_3.4">3.4 Concurrency: Time Is of the Essence</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.4.1" href="book-Z-H-23.html#%_sec_3.4.1">3.4.1 The Nature of Time in Concurrent Systems</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.4.2" href="book-Z-H-23.html#%_sec_3.4.2">3.4.2 Mechanisms for Controlling Concurrency</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.5" href="book-Z-H-24.html#%_sec_3.5">3.5 Streams</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.5.1" href="book-Z-H-24.html#%_sec_3.5.1">3.5.1 Streams Are Delayed Lists</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.5.2" href="book-Z-H-24.html#%_sec_3.5.2">3.5.2 Infinite Streams</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.5.3" href="book-Z-H-24.html#%_sec_3.5.3">3.5.3 Exploiting the Stream Paradigm</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.5.4" href="book-Z-H-24.html#%_sec_3.5.4">3.5.4 Streams and Delayed Evaluation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_3.5.5" href="book-Z-H-24.html#%_sec_3.5.5">3.5.5 Modularity of Functional Programs and Modularity of Objects</a></p></p>
<mbp:pagebreak />
<h3> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_4" href="book-Z-H-25.html#%_chap_4">4 Metalinguistic Abstraction</a></h3>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1">4.1 The Metacircular Evaluator</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.1" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.1">4.1.1 The Core of the Evaluator</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.2" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.2">4.1.2 Representing Expressions</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.3" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.3">4.1.3 Evaluator Data Structures</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.4" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.4">4.1.4 Running the Evaluator as a Program</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.5" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.5">4.1.5 Data as Programs</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.6" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.6">4.1.6 Internal Definitions</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.1.7" href="book-Z-H-26.html#%_sec_4.1.7">4.1.7 Separating Syntactic Analysis from Execution</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.2" href="book-Z-H-27.html#%_sec_4.2">4.2 Variations on a Scheme -- Lazy Evaluation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.2.1" href="book-Z-H-27.html#%_sec_4.2.1">4.2.1 Normal Order and Applicative Order</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.2.2" href="book-Z-H-27.html#%_sec_4.2.2">4.2.2 An Interpreter with Lazy Evaluation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.2.3" href="book-Z-H-27.html#%_sec_4.2.3">4.2.3 Streams as Lazy Lists</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.3" href="book-Z-H-28.html#%_sec_4.3">4.3 Variations on a Scheme -- Nondeterministic Computing</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.3.1" href="book-Z-H-28.html#%_sec_4.3.1">4.3.1 Amb and Search</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.3.2" href="book-Z-H-28.html#%_sec_4.3.2">4.3.2 Examples of Nondeterministic Programs</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.3.3" href="book-Z-H-28.html#%_sec_4.3.3">4.3.3 Implementing the <tt>Amb</tt> Evaluator</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.4" href="book-Z-H-29.html#%_sec_4.4">4.4 Logic Programming</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.4.1" href="book-Z-H-29.html#%_sec_4.4.1">4.4.1 Deductive Information Retrieval</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.4.2" href="book-Z-H-29.html#%_sec_4.4.2">4.4.2 How the Query System Works</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.4.3" href="book-Z-H-29.html#%_sec_4.4.3">4.4.3 Is Logic Programming Mathematical Logic?</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_4.4.4" href="book-Z-H-29.html#%_sec_4.4.4">4.4.4 Implementing the Query System</a></p></p>
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<h3> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_5" href="book-Z-H-30.html#%_chap_5">5 Computing with Register Machines</a></h3>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.1" href="book-Z-H-31.html#%_sec_5.1">5.1 Designing Register Machines</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.1.1" href="book-Z-H-31.html#%_sec_5.1.1">5.1.1 A Language for Describing Register Machines</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.1.2" href="book-Z-H-31.html#%_sec_5.1.2">5.1.2 Abstraction in Machine Design</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.1.3" href="book-Z-H-31.html#%_sec_5.1.3">5.1.3 Subroutines</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.1.4" href="book-Z-H-31.html#%_sec_5.1.4">5.1.4 Using a Stack to Implement Recursion</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.1.5" href="book-Z-H-31.html#%_sec_5.1.5">5.1.5 Instruction Summary</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.2" href="book-Z-H-32.html#%_sec_5.2">5.2 A Register-Machine Simulator</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.2.1" href="book-Z-H-32.html#%_sec_5.2.1">5.2.1 The Machine Model</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.2.2" href="book-Z-H-32.html#%_sec_5.2.2">5.2.2 The Assembler</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.2.3" href="book-Z-H-32.html#%_sec_5.2.3">5.2.3 Generating Execution Procedures for Instructions</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.2.4" href="book-Z-H-32.html#%_sec_5.2.4">5.2.4 Monitoring Machine Performance</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.3" href="book-Z-H-33.html#%_sec_5.3">5.3 Storage Allocation and Garbage Collection</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.3.1" href="book-Z-H-33.html#%_sec_5.3.1">5.3.1 Memory as Vectors</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.3.2" href="book-Z-H-33.html#%_sec_5.3.2">5.3.2 Maintaining the Illusion of Infinite Memory</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.4" href="book-Z-H-34.html#%_sec_5.4">5.4 The Explicit-Control Evaluator</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.4.1" href="book-Z-H-34.html#%_sec_5.4.1">5.4.1 The Core of the Explicit-Control Evaluator</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.4.2" href="book-Z-H-34.html#%_sec_5.4.2">5.4.2 Sequence Evaluation and Tail Recursion</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.4.3" href="book-Z-H-34.html#%_sec_5.4.3">5.4.3 Conditionals, Assignments, and Definitions</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.4.4" href="book-Z-H-34.html#%_sec_5.4.4">5.4.4 Running the Evaluator</a></p>
<p> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5">5.5 Compilation</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.1" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.1">5.5.1 Structure of the Compiler</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.2" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.2">5.5.2 Compiling Expressions</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.3" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.3">5.5.3 Compiling Combinations</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.4" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.4">5.5.4 Combining Instruction Sequences</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.5" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.5">5.5.5 An Example of Compiled Code</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.6" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.6">5.5.6 Lexical Addressing</a></p>
<p class="indent"> <a name="%_toc_%_sec_5.5.7" href="book-Z-H-35.html#%_sec_5.5.7">5.5.7 Interfacing Compiled Code to the Evaluator</a></p>
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<div> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_Temp_849" href="book-Z-H-36.html#%_chap_Temp_849">References</a></div>
<div> <a name="%_toc_%_chap_Temp_850" href="book-Z-H-37.html#%_chap_Temp_850">List of Exercises</a></div>
<div> <a name="toc_chap_Temp_851" href="book-Z-H-38.html#%_chap_Temp_851">Index</a></div>
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