24_despliegue_en_un_servidor_lamp.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "[![imagenes/pythonista.png](imagenes/pythonista.png)](https://pythonista.io)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Despliegue en un servidor *LAMP*.\n",
    "\n",
    "*LAMP* es el acrónimo de *Linux*, *Apache*, *MySQL*, *Perl*/*PHP*/*Python*.\n",
    "\n",
    "La siguiente liga contiene la documentaciónde las mejores prácticas de despliegue de un servidor *LAMP*.\n",
    "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Instalación de paquetes requeridos."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo apt install libmariadb-dev -y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!pip install requests django mysqlclient ipython-sql mysql-connector"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Instalación del proyecto."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Creación de un directorio para el proyecto."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* La siguiente celda creará al directorio ```opt/django``` en la máquina virtual."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo mkdir /opt/django"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Construcción del proyecto.\n",
    "\n",
    "El archivo ```src/24/tutorial.zip``` contiene  un proyecto rpedefinido de *Django* basado en los capítulos previos de este curso."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* La siguiente celda desempaquetará el conteenido de ```src/24/tutorial.zip``` en ```/opt/django/```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo unzip -q src/24/tutorial.zip -d /opt/django/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* La siguiente celda le otrogará la propiedad del directorio ```/opt/django``` y sus contenidos al usuario ```oi``` y al gurpo de usuarios ```oi``` ."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo chown -R oi:oi /opt/django"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### El archivo ```alumnos.json```.\n",
    "\n",
    "El archivo localizado en ```src/14/alumnos.json``` debe de ser copiado en el directorio raíz del sistema. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo cp /opt/oi/py201/src/14/alumnos.json /opt/django/tutorial/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo chmod 777 /alumnos.json"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Cambio de la llave secreto del proyecto.\n",
    "\n",
    "Las buenas prácticas indican que la llave secreta de un proyecto de *Django* debe de estar fuera del archivo ```settings.py```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* El archivo ```src/24/secreto.txt``` contiene el texto de una llave secreta."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* la siguiente celda copiará el archivo ```src/24/secreto.txt``` al ditectorio ```/home/oi/```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!cp src/24/secreto.txt /home/oi/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## La interfaz WSGI.\n",
    "\n",
    "*Python* define una interfaz única para que un servidor web pueda interactuar con una aplicación de Python, diha interfaz es *WSGI*.\n",
    "\n",
    "El *PEP-333* define dicha interfaz. El documento puede ser consultado en la siguiente liga:\n",
    "\n",
    "https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/\n",
    "\n",
    "Por su parte, *Django* ofrce la documentación de cómo usar *WSGI* en sus proyectos.\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### El objeto ```settings.WSGI_APPLICATION```.\n",
    "\n",
    "Este objeto le indica a *Django* la localización de la interfaz *wsgi* y es configurado al crear un proyecto.\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "WSGI_APPLICATION = 'tutorial.wsgi.application'\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from tutorial.tutorial import settings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "settings.WSGI_APPLICATION"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### El script ```wsgi.py```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "El script localizado en ```/opt/django/tutorial/tutorial/wsgi.py``` contiene la configuración de *WSGI* del proyecto ```tutorial```.\n",
    "\n",
    "``` python\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "WSGI config for tutorial project.\n",
    "\n",
    "It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.\n",
    "\n",
    "For more information on this file, see\n",
    "https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/\n",
    "\"\"\"\n",
    "\n",
    "import os\n",
    "\n",
    "from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application\n",
    "\n",
    "os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'tutorial.settings')\n",
    "\n",
    "application = get_wsgi_application()\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%pycat /opt/django/tutorial/tutorial/wsgi.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Configuración del sevidor web Apache."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### El módulo *mod-wsgi*.\n",
    "\n",
    "Python ha desarrolado un módulo para el Servidor web Apache llamado ```mod-wsgi```.\n",
    "\n",
    "https://modwsgi.readthedocs.io/en/develop/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo apt install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 -y"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* La siguiente celda le indica al servidotr apache que habilite el módulo ```mod-wsgi```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo a2enmod wsgi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### El archivo ```wsgi.conf```.\n",
    "\n",
    "Este archivo contiene la contiene la configuración para *Apache*, la cual permite ligar a la aplicación de *Django* con el servicio de *Apache*."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "```\n",
    "WSGIScriptAlias /django /opt/django/tutorial/tutorial/wsgi.py\n",
    "WSGIPythonHome /home/oi/pythonista\n",
    "WSGIPythonPath /opt/django/tutorial\n",
    "\n",
    "<Directory /opt/django/tutorial/tutorial>\n",
    "<Files wsgi.py>\n",
    "Require all granted\n",
    "</Files>\n",
    "</Directory>\n",
    "\n",
    "Alias /static /opt/django/tutorial/static\n",
    "    <Directory /opt/django/tutorial/static>\n",
    "        Require all granted\n",
    "    </Directory>\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* El archivo ```src/24/wsgi.conf``` será copiado en el directorio ```/etc/apache2/conf-available/```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo cp src/24/wsgi.conf /etc/apache2/conf-available/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%pycat /etc/apache2/conf-available/wsgi.conf"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* La siguiente celda habilitará la configuración de la aplicación."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo a2enconf wsgi"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Recarga del servidor Apache."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo systemctl reload apache2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Habilitación de la base de datos ```db_django```."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%load_ext sql"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sql mysql+mysqlconnector:https://root:0p3n5t4ck@localhost"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sql CREATE DATABASE db_django;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sql SHOW DATABASES;"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## El script ```src/24/settings.py```.\n",
    "\n",
    "Este script cuenta con las modificaciones necesarias para que *Django* funcione en producción."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* El objeto ```SECRET_KEY``` no se encuentra en el archivo, sino que debe ser leido desde ```/home/oi/secreto.txt```.\n",
    "``` python\n",
    "with open('/home/oi/secreto.txt') as f:\n",
    "    SECRET_KEY = f.read().strip()\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "* El objeto ```DEBUG```tiene le valor ```FALSE```.\n",
    "\n",
    "``` python\n",
    "DEBUG = False\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "* Es necesario definir las rutas a las que se permite acceder a *Django*.\n",
    "\n",
    "``` python\n",
    "ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost', '127.0.0.1', '[::1]']\n",
    "```\n",
    "* Es necesario configurar la base de datos del servidor.\n",
    "\n",
    "``` python\n",
    "DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.backends.mysql',\n",
    "                           'NAME': 'db_django',\n",
    "                           'USER': 'root',\n",
    "                           'PASSWORD': '0p3n5t4ck',\n",
    "                           'HOST': 'localhost',\n",
    "                           'PORT': 3306}}\n",
    "```\n",
    "* Se define la ruta a la que se accederá en caso de que un usuario se registre correctamente.\n",
    "``` python\n",
    "LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/django/api/'\n",
    "LOGIN_URL = '/django/accounts/login'\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!sudo cp src/24/settings.py /opt/django/tutorial/tutorial/"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%pycat /opt/django/tutorial/tutorial/settings.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "###### Migraciones."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* Las siguientes celdas realizarán las operacioens de migración a la base de datos."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%cd /opt/django/tutorial "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!python manage.py makemigrations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!python manage.py migrate --database default"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Recolección de contenido estático."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!python manage.py collectstatic --noinput"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Creación del superusuario."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "```\n",
    "python3 manage.py createsuperuser --email=\"falso@pythonista.io\" --user=\"admin\"\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "http:https://localhost:8980/django/main\n",
    "\n",
    "http:https://localhost:8980/django/api\n",
    "\n",
    "http:https://localhost:8980/django/api/carga"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"><img alt=\"Licencia Creative Commons\" style=\"border-width:0\" src=\"https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png\" /></a><br />Esta obra está bajo una <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional</a>.</p>\n",
    "<p style=\"text-align: center\">&copy; José Luis Chiquete Valdivieso. 2020.</p>"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.9.2"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}