geometry.h

#pragma once
#include <cmath>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

template<int n> struct vec {
    vec() = default;
    double & operator[](const int i)       { assert(i>=0 && i<n); return data[i]; }
    double   operator[](const int i) const { assert(i>=0 && i<n); return data[i]; }
    double norm2() const { return *this * *this; }
    double norm()  const { return std::sqrt(norm2()); }
    double data[n] = {0};
};

template<int n> double operator*(const vec<n>& lhs, const vec<n>& rhs) {
    double ret = 0;
    for (int i=n; i--; ret+=lhs[i]*rhs[i]);
    return ret;
}

template<int n> vec<n> operator+(const vec<n>& lhs, const vec<n>& rhs) {
    vec<n> ret = lhs;
    for (int i=n; i--; ret[i]+=rhs[i]);
    return ret;
}

template<int n> vec<n> operator-(const vec<n>& lhs, const vec<n>& rhs) {
    vec<n> ret = lhs;
    for (int i=n; i--; ret[i]-=rhs[i]);
    return ret;
}

template<int n> vec<n> operator*(const double& rhs, const vec<n> &lhs) {
    vec<n> ret = lhs;
    for (int i=n; i--; ret[i]*=rhs);
    return ret;
}

template<int n> vec<n> operator*(const vec<n>& lhs, const double& rhs) {
    vec<n> ret = lhs;
    for (int i=n; i--; ret[i]*=rhs);
    return ret;
}

template<int n> vec<n> operator/(const vec<n>& lhs, const double& rhs) {
    vec<n> ret = lhs;
    for (int i=n; i--; ret[i]/=rhs);
    return ret;
}

template<int n1,int n2> vec<n1> embed(const vec<n2> &v, double fill=1) {
    vec<n1> ret;
    for (int i=n1; i--; ret[i]=(i<n2?v[i]:fill));
    return ret;
}

template<int n1,int n2> vec<n1> proj(const vec<n2> &v) {
    vec<n1> ret;
    for (int i=n1; i--; ret[i]=v[i]);
    return ret;
}

template<int n> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const vec<n>& v) {
    for (int i=0; i<n; i++) out << v[i] << " ";
    return out;
}

template<> struct vec<2> {
    vec() = default;
    vec(double x, double y) : x(x), y(y) {}
    double& operator[](const int i)       { assert(i>=0 && i<2); return i ? y : x; }
    double  operator[](const int i) const { assert(i>=0 && i<2); return i ? y : x; }
    double norm2() const { return *this * *this; }
    double norm()  const { return std::sqrt(norm2()); }
    vec & normalize() { *this = (*this)/norm(); return *this; }

    double x{}, y{};
};

template<> struct vec<3> {
    vec() = default;
    vec(double x, double y, double z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
    double& operator[](const int i)       { assert(i>=0 && i<3); return i ? (1==i ? y : z) : x; }
    double  operator[](const int i) const { assert(i>=0 && i<3); return i ? (1==i ? y : z) : x; }
    double norm2() const { return *this * *this; }
    double norm()  const { return std::sqrt(norm2()); }
    vec & normalize() { *this = (*this)/norm(); return *this; }

    double x{}, y{}, z{};
};

typedef vec<2> vec2;
typedef vec<3> vec3;
typedef vec<4> vec4;
vec3 cross(const vec3 &v1, const vec3 &v2);

template<int n> struct dt;

template<int nrows,int ncols> struct mat {
    vec<ncols> rows[nrows] = {{}};

          vec<ncols>& operator[] (const int idx)       { assert(idx>=0 && idx<nrows); return rows[idx]; }
    const vec<ncols>& operator[] (const int idx) const { assert(idx>=0 && idx<nrows); return rows[idx]; }

    vec<nrows> col(const int idx) const {
        assert(idx>=0 && idx<ncols);
        vec<nrows> ret;
        for (int i=nrows; i--; ret[i]=rows[i][idx]);
        return ret;
    }

    void set_col(const int idx, const vec<nrows> &v) {
        assert(idx>=0 && idx<ncols);
        for (int i=nrows; i--; rows[i][idx]=v[i]);
    }

    static mat<nrows,ncols> identity() {
        mat<nrows,ncols> ret;
        for (int i=nrows; i--; )
            for (int j=ncols;j--; ret[i][j]=(i==j));
        return ret;
    }

    double det() const {
        return dt<ncols>::det(*this);
    }

    mat<nrows-1,ncols-1> get_minor(const int row, const int col) const {
        mat<nrows-1,ncols-1> ret;
        for (int i=nrows-1; i--; )
            for (int j=ncols-1;j--; ret[i][j]=rows[i<row?i:i+1][j<col?j:j+1]);
        return ret;
    }

    double cofactor(const int row, const int col) const {
        return get_minor(row,col).det()*((row+col)%2 ? -1 : 1);
    }

    mat<nrows,ncols> adjugate() const {
        mat<nrows,ncols> ret;
        for (int i=nrows; i--; )
            for (int j=ncols; j--; ret[i][j]=cofactor(i,j));
        return ret;
    }

    mat<nrows,ncols> invert_transpose() const {
        mat<nrows,ncols> ret = adjugate();
        return ret/(ret[0]*rows[0]);
    }

    mat<nrows,ncols> invert() const {
        return invert_transpose().transpose();
    }

    mat<ncols,nrows> transpose() const {
        mat<ncols,nrows> ret;
        for (int i=ncols; i--; ret[i]=this->col(i));
        return ret;
    }
};

template<int nrows,int ncols> vec<nrows> operator*(const mat<nrows,ncols>& lhs, const vec<ncols>& rhs) {
    vec<nrows> ret;
    for (int i=nrows; i--; ret[i]=lhs[i]*rhs);
    return ret;
}

template<int R1,int C1,int C2>mat<R1,C2> operator*(const mat<R1,C1>& lhs, const mat<C1,C2>& rhs) {
    mat<R1,C2> result;
    for (int i=R1; i--; )
        for (int j=C2; j--; result[i][j]=lhs[i]*rhs.col(j));
    return result;
}

template<int nrows,int ncols>mat<nrows,ncols> operator*(const mat<nrows,ncols>& lhs, const double& val) {
    mat<nrows,ncols> result;
    for (int i=nrows; i--; result[i] = lhs[i]*val);
    return result;
}

template<int nrows,int ncols>mat<nrows,ncols> operator/(const mat<nrows,ncols>& lhs, const double& val) {
    mat<nrows,ncols> result;
    for (int i=nrows; i--; result[i] = lhs[i]/val);
    return result;
}

template<int nrows,int ncols>mat<nrows,ncols> operator+(const mat<nrows,ncols>& lhs, const mat<nrows,ncols>& rhs) {
    mat<nrows,ncols> result;
    for (int i=nrows; i--; )
        for (int j=ncols; j--; result[i][j]=lhs[i][j]+rhs[i][j]);
    return result;
}

template<int nrows,int ncols>mat<nrows,ncols> operator-(const mat<nrows,ncols>& lhs, const mat<nrows,ncols>& rhs) {
    mat<nrows,ncols> result;
    for (int i=nrows; i--; )
        for (int j=ncols; j--; result[i][j]=lhs[i][j]-rhs[i][j]);
    return result;
}

template<int nrows,int ncols> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const mat<nrows,ncols>& m) {
    for (int i=0; i<nrows; i++) out << m[i] << std::endl;
    return out;
}

template<int n> struct dt {
    static double det(const mat<n,n>& src) {
        double ret = 0;
        for (int i=n; i--; ret += src[0][i]*src.cofactor(0,i));
        return ret;
    }
};

template<> struct dt<1> {
    static double det(const mat<1,1>& src) {
        return src[0][0];
    }
};