errorshow.jl

# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: https://julialang.org/license

using Random, LinearAlgebra

# For curmod_*
include("testenv.jl")


@testset "SystemError" begin
    err = try; systemerror("reason", Cint(0)); false; catch ex; ex; end::SystemError
    errs = sprint(Base.showerror, err)
    @test startswith(errs, "SystemError: reason: ")

    err = try; systemerror("reason", Cint(0), extrainfo="addend"); false; catch ex; ex; end::SystemError
    errs = sprint(Base.showerror, err)
    @test startswith(errs, "SystemError (with addend): reason: ")

    err = try
            Libc.errno(0xc0ffee)
            systemerror("reason", true)
            false
        catch ex
            ex
        end::SystemError
    errs = sprint(Base.showerror, err)
    @test startswith(errs, "SystemError: reason: ")

    err = try; Base.windowserror("reason", UInt32(0)); false; catch ex; ex; end::SystemError
    errs = sprint(Base.showerror, err)
    @test startswith(errs, Sys.iswindows() ? "SystemError: reason: " :
        "SystemError (with Base.WindowsErrorInfo(0x00000000, nothing)): reason: ")

    err = try; Base.windowserror("reason", UInt32(0); extrainfo="addend"); false; catch ex; ex; end::SystemError
    errs = sprint(Base.showerror, err)
    @test startswith(errs, Sys.iswindows() ? "SystemError (with addend): reason: " :
        "SystemError (with Base.WindowsErrorInfo(0x00000000, \"addend\")): reason: ")

    @static if Sys.iswindows()
        err = try
                ccall(:SetLastError, stdcall, Cvoid, (UInt32,), 0x00000000)
                Base.windowserror("reason", true)
                false
            catch ex
                ex
            end::SystemError
        errs = sprint(Base.showerror, err)
        @test startswith(errs, "SystemError: reason: ")
    end
end


cfile = " at $(@__FILE__):"
c1line = @__LINE__() + 1
method_c1(x::Float64, s::AbstractString...) = true

buf = IOBuffer()
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(method_c1,(1, 1, "")))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c1(!Matched::Float64, !Matched::AbstractString...)$cfile$c1line"
@test length(methods(method_c1)) <= 3 # because of '...' in candidate printing
Base.show_method_candidates(IOContext(buf, :color => true), Base.MethodError(method_c1,(1, 1, "")))

@test String(take!(buf)) == "\n\e[0mClosest candidates are:\n\e[0m  method_c1(\e[91m::Float64\e[39m, \e[91m::AbstractString...\e[39m)$cfile$c1line"
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(method_c1,(1, "", "")))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c1(!Matched::Float64, ::AbstractString...)$cfile$c1line"

# should match
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(method_c1,(1., "", "")))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c1(::Float64, ::AbstractString...)$cfile$c1line"

# Have no matches so should return empty
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(method_c1,(1, 1, 1)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == ""

# matches the implicit constructor -> convert method
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(Tuple{}, (1, 1, 1)))
let mc = String(take!(buf))
    @test occursin("\nClosest candidates are:\n  (::Type{T})", mc)
    @test !occursin(cfile, mc)
end

c2line = @__LINE__
method_c2(x::Int32, args...) = true
method_c2(x::Int32, y::Float64, args...) = true
method_c2(x::Int32, y::Float64) = true
method_c2(x::Int32, y::Int32, z::Int32) = true
method_c2(x::T, y::T, z::T) where {T<:Real} = true

Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(method_c2,(1., 1., 2)))
@test String(take!(buf)) ==  "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c2(!Matched::Int32, ::Float64, ::Any...)$cfile$(c2line+2)\n  method_c2(::T, ::T, !Matched::T) where T<:Real$cfile$(c2line+5)\n  method_c2(!Matched::Int32, ::Any...)$cfile$(c2line+1)\n  ..."

c3line = @__LINE__() + 1
method_c3(x::Float64, y::Float64) = true
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(method_c3,(1.,)))
@test String(take!(buf)) ==  "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c3(::Float64, !Matched::Float64)$cfile$c3line"

# Test for the method error in issue #8651
c4line = @__LINE__
method_c4() = true
method_c4(x::AbstractString) = false
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(method_c4,("",)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c4(::AbstractString)$cfile$(c4line+2)\n  method_c4()$cfile$(c4line+1)"

c5line = @__LINE__() + 1
method_c5(::Type{Float64}) = true
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(method_c5,(Float64,)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c5(::Type{Float64})$cfile$c5line"

Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(method_c5,(Int32,)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c5(!Matched::Type{Float64})$cfile$c5line"

mutable struct Test_type end
test_type = Test_type()
for f in [getindex, setindex!]
    Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(f,(test_type, 1,1)))
    @test String(take!(buf)) == ""
end

PR16155line = @__LINE__() + 2
mutable struct PR16155
    a::Int64
    b
end
PR16155line2 = @__LINE__() + 1
(::Type{T})(arg::Any) where {T<:PR16155} = "replace call-to-convert method from sysimg"

Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(PR16155,(1.0, 2.0, Int64(3))))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  $(curmod_prefix)PR16155(::Any, ::Any)$cfile$PR16155line\n  $(curmod_prefix)PR16155(!Matched::Int64, ::Any)$cfile$PR16155line\n  (::Type{T})(::Any) where T<:$(curmod_prefix)PR16155$cfile$PR16155line2"

Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(PR16155,(Int64(3), 2.0, Int64(3))))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  $(curmod_prefix)PR16155(::Int64, ::Any)$cfile$PR16155line\n  $(curmod_prefix)PR16155(::Any, ::Any)$cfile$PR16155line\n  (::Type{T})(::Any) where T<:$(curmod_prefix)PR16155$cfile$PR16155line2"

Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(Complex{T} where T<:Integer, (1.2,)))
@test startswith(String(take!(buf)), "\nClosest candidates are:\n  (::Type{T})(::T) where T<:Number")

c6line = @__LINE__
method_c6(; x=1) = x
method_c6(a; y=1) = y
m_error = try method_c6(y=1) catch e; e; end
showerror(buf, m_error)
error_out = String(take!(buf))
m_error = try method_c6(1, x=1) catch e; e; end
showerror(buf, m_error)
error_out1 = String(take!(buf))

c6mline = @__LINE__
module TestKWError
method_c6_in_module(; x=1) = x
method_c6_in_module(a; y=1) = y
end
m_error = try TestKWError.method_c6_in_module(y=1) catch e; e; end
showerror(buf, m_error)
error_out2 = String(take!(buf))
m_error = try TestKWError.method_c6_in_module(1, x=1) catch e; e; end
showerror(buf, m_error)
error_out3 = String(take!(buf))

@test occursin("method_c6(; x)$cfile$(c6line + 1) got unsupported keyword argument \"y\"", error_out)
@test occursin("method_c6(!Matched::Any; y)$cfile$(c6line + 2)", error_out)
@test occursin("method_c6(::Any; y)$cfile$(c6line + 2) got unsupported keyword argument \"x\"", error_out1)
@test occursin("method_c6_in_module(; x)$cfile$(c6mline + 2) got unsupported keyword argument \"y\"", error_out2)
@test occursin("method_c6_in_module(!Matched::Any; y)$cfile$(c6mline + 3)", error_out2)
@test occursin("method_c6_in_module(::Any; y)$cfile$(c6mline + 3) got unsupported keyword argument \"x\"", error_out3)

c7line = @__LINE__() + 1
method_c7(a, b; kargs...) = a
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(method_c7, (1, 1)), pairs((x = 1, y = 2)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c7(::Any, ::Any; kargs...)$cfile$c7line"
c8line = @__LINE__() + 1
method_c8(a, b; y=1, w=1) = a
Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(method_c8, (1, 1)), pairs((x = 1, y = 2, z = 1, w = 1)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  method_c8(::Any, ::Any; y, w)$cfile$c8line got unsupported keyword arguments \"x\", \"z\""

let no_kwsorter_match, e
    no_kwsorter_match() = 0
    no_kwsorter_match(a;y=1) = y
    e = try no_kwsorter_match(y=1) catch ex; ex; end
    @test occursin(r"no method matching.+\(; y=1\)", sprint(showerror, e))
end

ac15639line = @__LINE__
addConstraint_15639(c::Int32) = c
addConstraint_15639(c::Int64; uncset=nothing) = addConstraint_15639(Int32(c), uncset=uncset)

Base.show_method_candidates(buf, MethodError(addConstraint_15639, (Int32(1),)), pairs((uncset = nothing,)))
@test String(take!(buf)) == "\nClosest candidates are:\n  addConstraint_15639(::Int32)$cfile$(ac15639line + 1) got unsupported keyword argument \"uncset\"\n  addConstraint_15639(!Matched::Int64; uncset)$cfile$(ac15639line + 2)"

macro except_str(expr, err_type)
    return quote
        let err = nothing
            try
                $(esc(expr))
            catch err
            end
            err === nothing && error("expected failure, but no exception thrown")
            @test typeof(err) === $(esc(err_type))
            buf = IOBuffer()
            showerror(buf, err)
            String(take!(buf))
        end
    end
end

macro except_strbt(expr, err_type)
    errmsg = "expected failure, but no exception thrown for $expr"
    return quote
        let err = nothing
            try
                $(esc(expr))
            catch err
            end
            err === nothing && error($errmsg)
            @test typeof(err) === $(esc(err_type))
            buf = IOBuffer()
            showerror(buf, err, catch_backtrace())
            String(take!(buf))
        end
    end
end

macro except_stackframe(expr, err_type)
    return quote
       let err = nothing
           local st
           try
               $(esc(expr))
           catch err
               st = stacktrace(catch_backtrace())
           end
           err === nothing && error("expected failure, but no exception thrown")
           @test typeof(err) === $(esc(err_type))
           sprint(show, st[1])
       end
    end
end

# Pull Request 11007
abstract type InvokeType11007 end
abstract type MethodType11007 <: InvokeType11007 end
mutable struct InstanceType11007 <: MethodType11007
end
let
    f11007(::MethodType11007) = nothing
    err_str = @except_str(invoke(f11007, Tuple{InvokeType11007},
                                 InstanceType11007()), MethodError)
    @test !occursin("::$(curmod_prefix)InstanceType11007", err_str)
    @test occursin("::$(curmod_prefix)InvokeType11007", err_str)
end

module __tmp_replutil

using Test
import ..@except_str
global +
+() = nothing
err_str = @except_str 1 + 2 MethodError
@test occursin("import Base.:+", err_str)

err_str = @except_str Float64[](1) MethodError
@test !occursin("import Base.Array", err_str)

Array() = 1
err_str = @except_str Array([1]) MethodError
@test occursin("import Base.Array", err_str)

end

let
    g11007(::AbstractVector) = nothing
    err_str = @except_str g11007([[1] [1]]) MethodError
    @test occursin("row vector", err_str)
    @test occursin("column vector", err_str)
end

struct TypeWithIntParam{T <: Integer} end
struct Bounded  # not an AbstractArray
    bound::Int
end
Base.getindex(b::Bounded, i) = checkindex(Bool, 1:b.bound, i) || throw(BoundsError(b, i))
Base.summary(io::IO, b::Bounded) = print(io, "$(b.bound)-size Bounded")
let undefvar
    err_str = @except_strbt sqrt(-1) DomainError
    @test occursin("Try sqrt(Complex(x)).", err_str)
    err_str = @except_strbt 2^(1-2) DomainError
    @test occursin("Cannot raise an integer x to a negative power -1", err_str)
    err_str = @except_strbt (-1)^0.25 DomainError
    @test occursin("Exponentiation yielding a complex result requires a complex argument", err_str)
    A = zeros(10, 10)
    A[2,1] = 1
    A[1,2] = -1
    err_str = @except_strbt eigmax(A) DomainError
    @test occursin("DomainError with [0.0 -1.0 …", err_str)

    err_str = @except_str (1, 2, 3)[4] BoundsError
    @test err_str == "BoundsError: attempt to access Tuple{$Int, $Int, $Int} at index [4]"

    err_str = @except_str [5, 4, 3][-2, 1] BoundsError
    @test err_str == "BoundsError: attempt to access 3-element Vector{$Int} at index [-2, 1]"
    err_str = @except_str [5, 4, 3][1:5] BoundsError
    @test err_str == "BoundsError: attempt to access 3-element Vector{$Int} at index [1:5]"
    err_str = @except_str [5, 4, 3][trues(6,7)] BoundsError
    @test err_str == "BoundsError: attempt to access 3-element Vector{$Int} at index [6×7 BitMatrix]"

    err_str = @except_str Bounded(2)[3] BoundsError
    @test err_str == "BoundsError: attempt to access 2-size Bounded at index [3]"

    err_str = @except_str 0::Bool TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: non-boolean ($Int) used in boolean context"
    err_str = @except_str 0::AbstractFloat TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in typeassert, expected AbstractFloat, got a value of type $Int"
    err_str = @except_str 0::7 TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in typeassert, expected Type, got a value of type $Int"
    err_str = @except_str "" <: AbstractString TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in <:, expected Type, got a value of type String"
    err_str = @except_str AbstractString <: "" TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in <:, expected Type, got a value of type String"
    err_str = @except_str Type{""} TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in Type, in parameter, expected Type, got a value of type String"
    err_str = @except_str TypeWithIntParam{Any} TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in TypeWithIntParam, in T, expected T<:Integer, got Type{Any}"
    err_str = @except_str Type{Vararg} TypeError
    @test err_str == "TypeError: in Type, in parameter, expected Type, got Vararg"

    err_str = @except_str mod(1,0) DivideError
    @test err_str == "DivideError: integer division error"
    err_str = @except_str Vector{Any}(undef, 1)[1] UndefRefError
    @test err_str == "UndefRefError: access to undefined reference"
    err_str = @except_str undefvar UndefVarError
    @test err_str == "UndefVarError: undefvar not defined"
    err_str = @except_str read(IOBuffer(), UInt8) EOFError
    @test err_str == "EOFError: read end of file"
    err_str = @except_str Dict()[:doesnotexist] KeyError
    @test err_str == "KeyError: key :doesnotexist not found"
    err_str = @except_str throw(InterruptException()) InterruptException
    @test err_str == "InterruptException:"
    err_str = @except_str throw(ArgumentError("not an error")) ArgumentError
    @test err_str == "ArgumentError: not an error"
    err_str = @except_str @assert(false) AssertionError
    @test err_str == "AssertionError: false"
end


# issue 11845
let buf = IOBuffer()
    showerror(buf, MethodError(convert, (3, 1.0)))
    showerror(buf, MethodError(convert, (Int, 1.0)))
    showerror(buf, MethodError(convert, Tuple{Type, Float64}))
    showerror(buf, MethodError(convert, Tuple{DataType, Float64}))
end

# Issue #14884
primitive type EightBitType 8 end
primitive type EightBitTypeT{T} 8 end
struct FunctionLike <: Function; end
let err_str,
    i = reinterpret(EightBitType, 0x54),
    j = reinterpret(EightBitTypeT{Int32}, 0x54)

    err_str = @except_str Bool() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching Bool()", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str :a() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: objects of type Symbol are not callable", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str EightBitType() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching $(curmod_prefix)EightBitType()", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str i() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: objects of type $(curmod_prefix)EightBitType are not callable", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str EightBitTypeT() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching $(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT()", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str EightBitTypeT{Int32}() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching $(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT{Int32}()", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str j() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: objects of type $(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT{Int32} are not callable", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str FunctionLike()() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching (::$(curmod_prefix)FunctionLike)()", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str [1,2](1) MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: objects of type Vector{$Int} are not callable\nUse square brackets [] for indexing an Array.", err_str)
    # Issue 14940
    err_str = @except_str randn(1)() MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: objects of type Vector{Float64} are not callable", err_str)
end
@test repr("text/plain", FunctionLike()) == "(::$(curmod_prefix)FunctionLike) (generic function with 0 methods)"
@test occursin(r"^@doc \(macro with \d+ method[s]?\)$", repr("text/plain", getfield(Base, Symbol("@doc"))))

# Issue 34636
let err_str
    err_str = @except_str 1 + rand(5) MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching +(::$Int, ::Vector{Float64})", err_str)
    @test occursin("For element-wise addition, use broadcasting with dot syntax: scalar .+ array", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str rand(5) - 1//3 MethodError
    @test occursin("MethodError: no method matching -(::Vector{Float64}, ::Rational{$Int})", err_str)
    @test occursin("For element-wise subtraction, use broadcasting with dot syntax: array .- scalar", err_str)
end


method_defs_lineno = @__LINE__() + 1
String() = throw(ErrorException("1"))
(::String)() = throw(ErrorException("2"))
EightBitType() = throw(ErrorException("3"))
(::EightBitType)() = throw(ErrorException("4"))
EightBitTypeT() = throw(ErrorException("5"))
EightBitTypeT{T}() where {T} = throw(ErrorException("6"))
(::EightBitTypeT)() = throw(ErrorException("7"))
(::FunctionLike)() = throw(ErrorException("8"))

struct StructWithUnionAllMethodDefs{T}
end
(::Type{StructWithUnionAllMethodDefs{T} where T<:Integer})(x) = x

let err_str,
    i = reinterpret(EightBitType, 0x54),
    j = reinterpret(EightBitTypeT{Int32}, 0x54),
    sp = Base.source_path()
    sn = basename(sp)

    @test sprint(show, which(String, Tuple{})) ==
        "String() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 0)"
    @test sprint(show, which("a", Tuple{})) ==
        "(::String)() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 1)"
    @test sprint(show, which(EightBitType, Tuple{})) ==
        "$(curmod_prefix)EightBitType() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 2)"
    @test sprint(show, which(reinterpret(EightBitType, 0x54), Tuple{})) ==
        "(::$(curmod_prefix)EightBitType)() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 3)"
    @test sprint(show, which(EightBitTypeT, Tuple{})) ==
        "$(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 4)"
    @test sprint(show, which(EightBitTypeT{Int32}, Tuple{})) ==
        "$(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT{T}() where T in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 5)"
    @test sprint(show, which(reinterpret(EightBitTypeT{Int32}, 0x54), Tuple{})) ==
        "(::$(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT)() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 6)"
    @test startswith(sprint(show, which(Complex{Int}, Tuple{Int})),
                     "Complex{T}(")
    @test startswith(sprint(show, which(getfield(Base, Symbol("@doc")), Tuple{LineNumberNode, Module, Vararg{Any}})),
                     "var\"@doc\"(__source__::LineNumberNode, __module__::Module, x...) in Core at boot.jl:")
    @test startswith(sprint(show, which(FunctionLike(), Tuple{})),
                     "(::$(curmod_prefix)FunctionLike)() in $curmod_str at $sp:$(method_defs_lineno + 7)")
    @test startswith(sprint(show, which(StructWithUnionAllMethodDefs{<:Integer}, (Any,))),
                     "($(curmod_prefix)StructWithUnionAllMethodDefs{T} where T<:Integer)(x)")
    @test repr("text/plain", FunctionLike()) == "(::$(curmod_prefix)FunctionLike) (generic function with 1 method)"
    @test repr("text/plain", Core.arraysize) == "arraysize (built-in function)"

    err_str = @except_stackframe String() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "String() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 0)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe "a"() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "(::String)() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 1)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe EightBitType() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "$(curmod_prefix)EightBitType() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 2)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe i() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "(::$(curmod_prefix)EightBitType)() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 3)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe EightBitTypeT() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "$(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 4)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe EightBitTypeT{Int32}() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "$(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT{Int32}() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 5)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe j() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "(::$(curmod_prefix)EightBitTypeT{Int32})() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 6)"
    err_str = @except_stackframe FunctionLike()() ErrorException
    @test err_str == "(::$(curmod_prefix)FunctionLike)() at $sn:$(method_defs_lineno + 7)"
end

# Issue #20108
let err, buf = IOBuffer()
    try Array() catch err end
    Base.show_method_candidates(buf,err)
    @test isa(err, MethodError)
    @test occursin("Closest candidates are:", String(take!(buf)))
end

# @macroexpand tests
macro seven_dollar(ex)
    # simonbyrne example 18240
    isa(ex,Expr) && ex.head == :$ ? 7 : esc(ex)
end

let
    @test (@macroexpand @macroexpand x) == macroexpand(@__MODULE__, :(@macroexpand x))
    @test (@macroexpand  :(1+$y) ) == macroexpand(@__MODULE__, :( :(1+ $y) ))
    @test (@macroexpand @fastmath 1+2    ) == :(Base.FastMath.add_fast(1,2))
    @test (@macroexpand @fastmath +      ) == :(Base.FastMath.add_fast)
    @test (@macroexpand @fastmath min(1) ) == :(Base.FastMath.min_fast(1))
    let err = try; @macroexpand @doc "" f() = @x; catch ex; ex; end
        @test err == UndefVarError(Symbol("@x"))
    end
    @test (@macroexpand @seven_dollar $bar) == 7
    x = 2
    @test (@macroexpand @seven_dollar 1+$x) == :(1 + $(Expr(:$, :x)))
end

macro nest1(code)
    code
end

macro nest2(code)
    :(@nest1 $code)
end

macro nest2b(code)
    :(@nest1($code); @nest1($code))
end

@testset "@macroexpand1" begin
    M = @__MODULE__
    _macroexpand1(ex) = macroexpand(M, ex, recursive=false)
    ex = :(@nest1 42)
    @test _macroexpand1(ex) == macroexpand(M,ex)
    ex = :(@nest2 42)
    @test _macroexpand1(ex) != macroexpand(M,ex)
    @test _macroexpand1(_macroexpand1(ex)) == macroexpand(M,ex)
    ex = :(@nest2b 42)
    @test _macroexpand1(ex) != macroexpand(M,ex)
    @test _macroexpand1(_macroexpand1(ex)) == macroexpand(M, ex)
    @test (@macroexpand1 @nest2b 42) == _macroexpand1(ex)
end

foo_9965(x::Float64; w=false) = x
foo_9965(x::Int) = 2x

@testset "closest candidates kwarg #9965" begin
    ex = try
        foo_9965(1, w=true)
    catch e
        e
    end
    @test typeof(ex) == MethodError
    io = IOBuffer()
    Base.show_method_candidates(io, ex, pairs((w = true,)))
    @test occursin("got unsupported keyword argument \"w\"", String(take!(io)))
end

# Issue #20556
import REPL
module EnclosingModule
    abstract type AbstractTypeNoConstructors end
end
let
    method_error = MethodError(EnclosingModule.AbstractTypeNoConstructors, ())

    # Test that it shows a special message when no constructors have been defined by the user.
    @test sprint(showerror, method_error) ==
        "MethodError: no constructors have been defined for $(EnclosingModule.AbstractTypeNoConstructors)"

    # Does it go back to previous behaviour when there *is* at least
    # one constructor defined?
    EnclosingModule.AbstractTypeNoConstructors(x, y) = x + y
    @test startswith(sprint(showerror, method_error),
        "MethodError: no method matching $(EnclosingModule.AbstractTypeNoConstructors)()")

    # Test that the 'default' sysimg.jl method is not displayed.
    @test !occursin("where T at sysimg.jl", sprint(showerror, method_error))

    # Test that tab-completion will not show the 'default' sysimg.jl method.
    completions = REPL.REPLCompletions.complete_methods(:(EnclosingModule.AbstractTypeNoConstructors()), @__MODULE__)
    @test !isempty(completions)
    for method_string in completions
        @test !startswith(REPL.REPLCompletions.completion_text(method_string), "(::Type{T})(arg) where T in Base at sysimg.jl")
    end
end

@testset "show for manually thrown MethodError" begin
    global f21006

    f21006() = nothing
    # Normal method error should not warn about world age.
    ex1 = try
        f21006(())
    catch e
        e
    end::MethodError
    str = sprint(Base.showerror, ex1)
    @test startswith(str, "MethodError: no method matching f21006(::Tuple{})")
    @test !occursin("The applicable method may be too new", str)

    # If newer applicable methods are available, world age should be mentioned.
    f21006(x) = x
    @test f21006(()) === ()
    str = sprint(Base.showerror, ex1)
    @test startswith(str, "MethodError: no method matching f21006(::Tuple{})")
    @test occursin("The applicable method may be too new: running in world age $(ex1.world)", str)

    # This method error should be thrown in a world new enough for `f21006(())`.
    # Also makes sure it's printed correctly.
    ex2 = try
        f21006((), ())
    catch e
        e
    end::MethodError
    str = sprint(Base.showerror, ex2)
    @test startswith(str, "MethodError: no method matching f21006(::Tuple{}, ::Tuple{})")
    @test !occursin("The applicable method may be too new", str)

    # If the method is available in the exception world or if the exception world is invalid,
    # don't warn about world age
    for ex3 in (MethodError(ex1.f, ex1.args, ex2.world),
                MethodError(ex1.f, ex1.args, typemax(UInt)))
        str = sprint(Base.showerror, ex3)
        @test startswith(str, "MethodError: no method matching f21006(::Tuple{})")
        @test !occursin("The applicable method may be too new", str)
    end
end

# Custom hints
struct HasNoOne end
function recommend_oneunit(io, ex, arg_types, kwargs)
    if ex.f === Base.one && length(arg_types) == 1 && arg_types[1] === HasNoOne
        if isempty(kwargs)
            print(io, "\nHasNoOne does not support `one`; did you mean `oneunit`?")
        else
            print(io, "\n`one` doesn't take keyword arguments, that would be silly")
        end
    end
end
@test Base.Experimental.register_error_hint(recommend_oneunit, MethodError) === nothing
let err_str
    err_str = @except_str one(HasNoOne()) MethodError
    @test occursin(r"MethodError: no method matching one\(::.*HasNoOne\)", err_str)
    @test occursin("HasNoOne does not support `one`; did you mean `oneunit`?", err_str)
    err_str = @except_str one(HasNoOne(); value=2) MethodError
    @test occursin(r"MethodError: no method matching one\(::.*HasNoOne; value=2\)", err_str)
    @test occursin("`one` doesn't take keyword arguments, that would be silly", err_str)
end
pop!(Base.Experimental._hint_handlers[MethodError])  # order is undefined, don't copy this

function busted_hint(io, exc, notarg)  # wrong number of args
    print(io, "\nI don't have a hint for you, sorry")
end
@test Base.Experimental.register_error_hint(busted_hint, DomainError) === nothing
try
    sqrt(-2)
catch ex
    io = IOBuffer()
    @test_logs (:error, "Hint-handler busted_hint for DomainError in $(@__MODULE__) caused an error") showerror(io, ex)
end
pop!(Base.Experimental._hint_handlers[DomainError])  # order is undefined, don't copy this

struct ANumber <: Number end
let err_str
    err_str = @except_str ANumber()(3 + 4) MethodError
    @test occursin("objects of type $(curmod_prefix)ANumber are not callable", err_str)
    @test count(==("Maybe you forgot to use an operator such as *, ^, %, / etc. ?"), split(err_str, '\n')) == 1
    # issue 40478
    err_str = @except_str ANumber()(3 + 4) MethodError
    @test count(==("Maybe you forgot to use an operator such as *, ^, %, / etc. ?"), split(err_str, '\n')) == 1
end

# Execute backtrace once before checking formatting, see #38858
backtrace()

# issue #28442
@testset "Long stacktrace printing" begin
    f28442(c) = g28442(c + 1)
    g28442(c) = c > 10000 ? (return backtrace()) : f28442(c+1)
    bt = f28442(1)
    io = IOBuffer()
    Base.show_backtrace(io, bt)
    output = split(String(take!(io)), '\n')
    @test lstrip(output[3])[1:3] == "[1]"
    @test occursin("g28442", output[3])
    @test lstrip(output[5])[1:3] == "[2]"
    @test occursin("f28442", output[5])
    @test occursin("the last 2 lines are repeated 5000 more times", output[7])
    @test lstrip(output[8])[1:7] == "[10003]"
end

@testset "Line number correction" begin
    getbt() = backtrace()
    bt = getbt()
    Base.update_stackframes_callback[] = function(list)
        modify((sf, n)) = sf.func == :getbt ? (StackTraces.StackFrame(sf.func, sf.file, sf.line+2, sf.linfo, sf.from_c, sf.inlined, sf.pointer), n) : (sf, n)
        map!(modify, list, list)
    end
    io = IOBuffer()
    Base.show_backtrace(io, bt)
    outputc = split(String(take!(io)), '\n')
    Base.update_stackframes_callback[] = identity
    Base.show_backtrace(io, bt)
    output0 = split(String(take!(io)), '\n')
    function getline(output)
        idx = findfirst(str->occursin("getbt", str), output)
        return parse(Int, match(r":(\d*)$", output[idx+1]).captures[1])
    end
    @test getline(outputc) == getline(output0) + 2
end


# issue #30633
@test_throws ArgumentError("invalid index: \"foo\" of type String") [1]["foo"]
@test_throws ArgumentError("invalid index: nothing of type Nothing") [1][nothing]

# test showing MethodError with type argument
struct NoMethodsDefinedHere; end
let buf = IOBuffer()
    Base.show_method_candidates(buf, Base.MethodError(sin, Tuple{NoMethodsDefinedHere}))
    @test length(take!(buf)) !== 0
end

# pr #32814
let t1 = @async(error(1)),
    t2 = @async(wait(t1))
    local e
    try
        wait(t2)
    catch e_
        e = e_
    end
    buf = IOBuffer()
    showerror(buf, e)
    s = String(take!(buf))
    @test length(findall("Stacktrace:", s)) == 2
    @test occursin("[1] error(s::Int", s)
end

module TestMethodShadow
    struct Foo; x; end
    +(a::Foo, b::Foo) = Foo(a.x + b.x)
    ==(a::Foo, b::Foo) = Foo(a.x == b.x)
    div(a::Foo, b::Foo) = Foo(div(a.x, b.x))
end
for (func,str) in ((TestMethodShadow.:+,":+"), (TestMethodShadow.:(==),":(==)"), (TestMethodShadow.:div,"div"))
    ex = try
        foo = TestMethodShadow.Foo(3)
        func(foo,foo)
    catch e
       e
    end::MethodError
    @test occursin("You may have intended to import Base.$str", sprint(Base.showerror, ex))
end

# Test that implementation detail of include() is hidden from the user by default
let bt = try
        include("testhelpers/include_error.jl")
    catch
        catch_backtrace()
    end
    bt_str = sprint(Base.show_backtrace, bt)
    @test occursin(" include(", bt_str)
    @test !occursin(" _include(", bt_str)
end

# Test backtrace printing
module B
    module C
        f(x; y=2.0) = error()
    end
    module D
        import ..C: f
        g() = f(2.0; y=3.0)
    end
end

@testset "backtrace" begin
    bt = try B.D.g()
    catch
        catch_backtrace()
    end
    bt_str = sprint(Base.show_backtrace, bt)
    m = @__MODULE__
    @test contains(bt_str, "f(x::Float64; y::Float64)")
    @test contains(bt_str, "@ $m.B.C")
    @test contains(bt_str, "@ $m.B.D")
end
# 1d/2d error shouldn't appear in unsupported keywords arg #36325
let err = nothing
    try
        identity([1 1]; bad_kwards = :julia)
    catch err
        err_str = sprint(showerror, err)
        @test !occursin("2d", err_str)
    end
end

# issue #37587
# TODO: enable on more platforms
if Sys.isapple() || (Sys.islinux() && Sys.ARCH === :x86_64)
    single_repeater() = single_repeater()
    pair_repeater_a() = pair_repeater_b()
    pair_repeater_b() = pair_repeater_a()

    @testset "repeated stack frames" begin
        let bt = try single_repeater()
            catch
                catch_backtrace()
            end
            bt_str = sprint(Base.show_backtrace, bt)
            @test occursin(r"repeats \d+ times", bt_str)
        end

        let bt = try pair_repeater_a()
            catch
                catch_backtrace()
            end
            bt_str = sprint(Base.show_backtrace, bt)
            @test occursin(r"the last 2 lines are repeated \d+ more times", bt_str)
        end
    end
end  # Sys.isapple()