Should fix #54275.

(cherry picked from commit 2d1442f)

(cherry picked from commit b9aeafa)

This reverts part of 67b8ac0
(#47596 (comment)).
That change broke `make install` from tarballs due to building docs
again, which fails as there's no git repo (and also requires Internet
access to download UnicodeData.txt.

Fixes #54037.

(cherry picked from commit d6dda7c)

…k adj/trans (#54151)

Fixes the following issue on master, where the zero element is computed
incorrectly (but subsequent terms are computed correctly):
```julia
julia> using LinearAlgebra

julia> x = [1 2 3; 4 5 6];

julia> A = reshape([x,2x,3x,4x],2,2);

julia> b = fill(x, 2);

julia> A' * b
ERROR: DimensionMismatch: matrix A has axes (Base.OneTo(2),Base.OneTo(3)), matrix B has axes (Base.OneTo(2),Base.OneTo(3))
Stacktrace:
  [1] _generic_matmatmul!(C::Matrix{Int64}, A::Matrix{Int64}, B::Matrix{Int64}, _add::LinearAlgebra.MulAddMul{true, true, Bool, Bool})
    @ LinearAlgebra ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:849
  [2] generic_matmatmul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:834 [inlined]
  [3] _mul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:287 [inlined]
  [4] mul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:285 [inlined]
  [5] mul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:253 [inlined]
  [6] *
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:114 [inlined]
  [7] _generic_matvecmul!(C::Vector{Matrix{…}}, tA::Char, A::Matrix{Matrix{…}}, B::Vector{Matrix{…}}, _add::LinearAlgebra.MulAddMul{true, true, Bool, Bool})
    @ LinearAlgebra ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:797
  [8] generic_matvecmul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:755 [inlined]
  [9] _mul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:73 [inlined]
 [10] mul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:70 [inlined]
 [11] mul!
    @ ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:253 [inlined]
 [12] *(A::Adjoint{Adjoint{Int64, Matrix{Int64}}, Matrix{Matrix{Int64}}}, x::Vector{Matrix{Int64}})
    @ LinearAlgebra ~/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LinearAlgebra/src/matmul.jl:60
 [13] top-level scope
    @ REPL[10]:1
Some type information was truncated. Use `show(err)` to see complete types.
```
After this PR,
```julia
julia> A' * b
2-element Vector{Matrix{Int64}}:
 [51 66 81; 66 87 108; 81 108 135]
 [119 154 189; 154 203 252; 189 252 315]
```

(cherry picked from commit 2b878f0)

Fixes #54225

(cherry picked from commit b35d308)

Should fix #54247.

- Before:
```
Julia Version 1.12.0-DEV.410
Commit 0735854* (2024-04-25 14:35 UTC)
Platform Info:
  OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin23.4.0)
  CPU: 12 × Apple M2 Max
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-16.0.6 (ORCJIT, apple-m2)
Threads: 8 default, 0 interactive, 4 GC (on 8 virtual cores)
***** Vector *****
serial: 0.607365 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.22% gc time)
serial: 0.597241 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 1.18% gc time)
serial: 0.589679 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 1.21% gc time)
serial: 0.581607 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.97% gc time)
serial: 0.578147 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.96% gc time)
serial: 0.577399 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.94% gc time)
serial: 0.564742 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.93% gc time)
serial: 0.591733 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.90% gc time)
serial: 0.565088 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.97% gc time)
serial: 0.556800 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.94% gc time)
parallel: 0.563600 seconds (3.33 k allocations: 381.640 MiB, 0.10% gc time, 0.94% compilation time)
parallel: 0.564652 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 1.02% gc time)
parallel: 0.581996 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.95% gc time)
parallel: 0.576503 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.90% gc time)
parallel: 0.565595 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.94% gc time)
parallel: 0.575850 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.95% gc time)
parallel: 0.604621 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.91% gc time)
parallel: 0.578168 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.91% gc time)
parallel: 0.600408 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.92% gc time)
parallel: 0.576794 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.95% gc time)

***** Astruct *****
serial: 0.659020 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 0.18% gc time)
serial: 0.674630 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.63% gc time)
serial: 0.670532 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.86% gc time)
serial: 0.682483 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.57% gc time)
serial: 0.673673 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.62% gc time)
serial: 0.652506 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.72% gc time)
serial: 0.667336 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.69% gc time)
serial: 0.659686 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.76% gc time)
serial: 0.673387 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.73% gc time)
serial: 0.668930 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.67% gc time)
parallel: 0.646382 seconds (3.42 k allocations: 763.114 MiB, 0.09% gc time, 0.77% compilation time)
parallel: 0.665347 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.70% gc time)
parallel: 0.676490 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.84% gc time)
parallel: 22.732728 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 97.12% gc time)
parallel: 22.668091 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 97.15% gc time)
parallel: 0.629117 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB)
parallel: 22.948883 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 97.26% gc time)
parallel: 0.629834 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB)
parallel: 1.108239 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 42.54% gc time)
parallel: 0.648325 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB)
```

- After:
```
Julia Version 1.12.0-DEV.410
Commit 0735854* (2024-04-25 14:35 UTC)
Platform Info:
  OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin23.4.0)
  CPU: 12 × Apple M2 Max
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-16.0.6 (ORCJIT, apple-m2)
Threads: 8 default, 0 interactive, 4 GC (on 8 virtual cores)
***** Vector *****
serial: 0.600418 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.20% gc time)
serial: 0.613808 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 1.17% gc time)
serial: 0.596335 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 1.21% gc time)
serial: 0.589423 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.92% gc time)
serial: 0.621845 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.89% gc time)
serial: 0.580239 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.94% gc time)
serial: 0.604881 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.90% gc time)
serial: 0.581353 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.95% gc time)
serial: 0.603317 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.89% gc time)
serial: 0.599634 seconds (3 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.90% gc time)
parallel: 0.589694 seconds (3.33 k allocations: 381.640 MiB, 0.10% gc time, 1.01% compilation time)
parallel: 0.600812 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 0.98% gc time)
parallel: 0.610956 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 5.13% gc time)
parallel: 0.677189 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 14.26% gc time)
parallel: 0.571583 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 1.80% gc time)
parallel: 0.742617 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 17.81% gc time)
parallel: 0.624541 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 5.02% gc time)
parallel: 0.723963 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 14.03% gc time)
parallel: 0.609618 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB)
parallel: 0.708227 seconds (9 allocations: 381.470 MiB, 16.29% gc time)

***** Astruct *****
serial: 0.627853 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB)
serial: 0.647795 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 2.14% gc time)
serial: 0.640387 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.91% gc time)
serial: 0.698194 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.73% gc time)
serial: 0.673018 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.68% gc time)
serial: 0.641571 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.79% gc time)
serial: 0.669718 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.65% gc time)
serial: 0.661993 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.73% gc time)
serial: 0.661846 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.85% gc time)
serial: 0.661637 seconds (3 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.73% gc time)
parallel: 0.645750 seconds (3.42 k allocations: 763.114 MiB, 0.09% gc time, 0.83% compilation time)
parallel: 0.653331 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.92% gc time)
parallel: 0.673813 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 1.80% gc time)
parallel: 0.720503 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 9.40% gc time)
parallel: 0.889651 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 25.33% gc time)
parallel: 0.644618 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 2.26% gc time)
parallel: 0.919954 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 28.99% gc time)
parallel: 0.750246 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 9.03% gc time)
parallel: 0.767282 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 10.55% gc time)
parallel: 0.899596 seconds (9 allocations: 762.940 MiB, 25.69% gc time)
```

(cherry picked from commit dc0a477)

…nts (#54363)

The added MWE has been broken since 1.8.
The intersect result still looks quite unsoundness, but at least stack
overflow get fixed.

close #54356

(cherry picked from commit e47fedd)

Fixes #54439.

- Lock around concurrent accesses to .logs, .message_limits, and
   .shouldlog_args.
- Copy the vector out of the logger at the end, to shield against
   dangling Tasks.

Before:
```julia
julia> Threads.nthreads()
8

julia> function foo(n)
           @info "Doing foo with n=$n"
           @sync for i=1:n
               Threads.@Spawn @info "Iteration $i"
           end
           42
       end
foo (generic function with 1 method)

julia> for _ in 1:1000
           @test_logs (:info,"Doing foo with n=10000") match_mode=:any foo(10_000)
       end
julia+RAI(56155,0x1f5157ac0) malloc: double free for ptr 0x128248000
julia+RAI(56155,0x1f5157ac0) malloc: *** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug

[56155] signal (6): Abort trap: 6
in expression starting at REPL[8]:1

signal (6) thread (1) __pthread_kill at /usr/lib/system/libsystem_kernel.dylib (unknown line)
Allocations: 54370881 (Pool: 54363911; Big: 6970); GC: 119
[1]    56154 abort      julia -tauto
```
After:
```julia
julia> Threads.nthreads()
8

julia> function foo(n)
           @info "Doing foo with n=$n"
           @sync for i=1:n
               Threads.@Spawn @info "Iteration $i"
           end
           42
       end
foo (generic function with 1 method)

julia> for _ in 1:1000
           @test_logs (:info,"Doing foo with n=10000") match_mode=:any foo(10_000)
       end
```
(no crash) :)

(cherry picked from commit 0437210)

(cherry picked from commit 0c65f6f)

…uto-import weirdness (#54572)

Fixes #54550 on 1.10. Master
will require a similar but different PR.

Co-authored-by: Keno Fischer <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Cody Tapscott <[email protected]>

…ll` (#54465)

(cherry picked from commit a946631)

…ation (#54514)

(cherry picked from commit af545b9)

Backported PRs:
- [x] #54010 <!-- Overload `Base.literal_pow` for `AbstractQ` -->
- [x] #54143 <!-- Fix `make install` from tarballs -->
- [x] #54151 <!-- LinearAlgebra: Correct zero element in
`_generic_matvecmul!` for block adj/trans -->
- [x] #54233 <!-- set MAX_OS_WRITE on unix -->
- [x] #54251 <!-- fix typo in gc_mark_memory8 when chunking a large
array -->
- [x] #54363 <!-- typeintersect: fix another stack overflow caused by
circular constraints -->
- [x] #54497 <!-- Make TestLogger thread-safe (introduce a lock) -->
- [x] #53796 <!-- Add a missing doc -->
- [x] #54465 <!-- typeintersect: conservative typevar subtitution during
`finish_unionall` -->
- [x] #54514 <!-- typeintersect: followup cleanup for the nothrow path
of type instantiation -->

Need manual backport:
- [ ] #52505 <!-- fix alignment of emit_unbox_store copy -->
- [ ] #53373 <!-- fix sysimage-native-code=no option with pkgimages -->
- [ ] #53815 <!-- create phantom task for GC threads -->
- [ ] #53984 <!-- Profile: fix heap snapshot is valid char check -->
- [ ] #54276 <!-- Fix solve for complex `Hermitian` with non-vanishing
imaginary part on diagonal -->

Contains multiple commits, manual intervention needed:
- [ ] #52854 <!-- Change to streaming out the heap snapshot data -->
- [ ] #53218 <!-- Fix interpreter_exec.jl test -->
- [ ] #53833 <!-- Profile: make heap snapshots viewable in vscode viewer
-->
- [ ] #54303 <!-- LinearAlgebra: improve type-inference in
Symmetric/Hermitian matmul -->
- [ ] #52694 <!-- Reinstate similar for AbstractQ for backward
compatibility -->

Non-merged PRs with backport label:
- [ ] #54471 <!-- Actually setup jit targets when compiling
packageimages instead of targeting only one -->
- [ ] #53452 <!-- RFC: allow Tuple{Union{}}, returning Union{} -->
- [ ] #51479 <!-- prevent code loading from lookin in the versioned
environment when building Julia -->

A common idiom used throughout the codebase is to get a pointer to
thread-local-state through `jl_current_task->ptls`.

Create a phantom task for GC threads so that we can make use of this
idiom when running in the GC threads as well.

Idea originally suggested by @vchuravy, bugs are mine.

(cherry picked from commit 9636ef7)

Co-authored-by: Diogo Netto <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Max Horn <[email protected]>

…on of an extension (#54658) (#54663)