helpdb.jl

# Base.LinAlg.BLAS

doc"""
```rst
``ger!(alpha, x, y, A)``

Rank-1 update of the matrix ``A`` with vectors ``x`` and
``y`` as ``alpha*x*y' + A``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.ger!

doc"""
```rst
``gbmv!(trans, m, kl, ku, alpha, A, x, beta, y)``

Update vector ``y`` as ``alpha*A*x + beta*y`` or ``alpha*A'*x +
beta*y`` according to ``trans`` ('N' or 'T').  The matrix ``A`` is
a general band matrix of dimension ``m`` by ``size(A,2)`` with
``kl`` sub-diagonals and ``ku`` super-diagonals. Returns the
updated ``y``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.gbmv!

doc"""
```rst
``gbmv(trans, m, kl, ku, alpha, A, x, beta, y)``

Returns ``alpha*A*x`` or ``alpha*A'*x`` according to ``trans`` ('N'
or 'T'). The matrix ``A`` is a general band matrix of dimension
``m`` by ``size(A,2)`` with ``kl`` sub-diagonals and
``ku`` super-diagonals.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.gbmv

doc"""
```rst
``gemm!(tA, tB, alpha, A, B, beta, C)``

Update ``C`` as ``alpha*A*B + beta*C`` or the other three variants
according to ``tA`` (transpose ``A``) and ``tB``.  Returns the
updated ``C``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.gemm!

doc"""
```rst
``gemv!(tA, alpha, A, x, beta, y)``

Update the vector ``y`` as ``alpha*A*x + beta*y`` or
``alpha*A'x + beta*y`` according to ``tA`` (transpose ``A``).
Returns the updated ``y``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.gemv!

doc"""
```rst
``blascopy!(n, X, incx, Y, incy)``

Copy ``n`` elements of array ``X`` with stride ``incx`` to array
``Y`` with stride ``incy``.  Returns ``Y``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.blascopy!

doc"""
```rst
``scal!(n, a, X, incx)``

Overwrite ``X`` with ``a*X``.  Returns ``X``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.scal!

doc"""
```rst
``gemv(tA, alpha, A, x)``

Returns ``alpha*A*x`` or ``alpha*A'x`` according to ``tA``
(transpose ``A``).

``gemv(tA, A, x)``

Returns ``A*x`` or ``A'x`` according to ``tA`` (transpose ``A``).
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.gemv

doc"""
```rst
``syr!(uplo, alpha, x, A)``

Rank-1 update of the symmetric matrix ``A`` with vector
``x`` as ``alpha*x*x.' + A``.  When ``uplo`` is 'U' the
upper triangle of ``A`` is updated ('L' for lower triangle).
Returns ``A``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.syr!

doc"""
```rst
``trsm!(side, ul, tA, dA, alpha, A, B)``

Overwrite ``B`` with the solution to ``A*X = alpha*B`` or one of
the other three variants determined by ``side`` (A on left or
right of ``X``) and ``tA`` (transpose A). Only the ``ul`` triangle
of ``A`` is used.  ``dA`` indicates if ``A`` is unit-triangular
(the diagonal is assumed to be all ones).  Returns the updated ``B``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trsm!

doc"""
```rst
``trsv!(ul, tA, dA, A, b)``

Overwrite ``b`` with the solution to ``A*x = b`` or one of the other two
variants determined by ``tA`` (transpose A) and ``ul`` (triangle of ``A``
used).  ``dA`` indicates if ``A`` is unit-triangular (the diagonal is assumed
to be all ones).  Returns the updated ``b``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trsv!

doc"""
```rst
``her!(uplo, alpha, x, A)``

Methods for complex arrays only.  Rank-1 update of the Hermitian
matrix ``A`` with vector ``x`` as ``alpha*x*x' + A``.  When
``uplo`` is 'U' the upper triangle of ``A`` is updated
('L' for lower triangle). Returns ``A``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.her!

doc"""
```rst
``trsv(ul, tA, dA, A, b)``

Returns the solution to ``A*x = b`` or one of the other two variants
determined by ``tA`` (transpose A) and ``ul`` (triangle of ``A`` is used.)
``dA`` indicates if ``A`` is unit-triangular (the diagonal is assumed to be
all ones).
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trsv

doc"""
```rst
``dot(n, X, incx, Y, incy)``

Dot product of two vectors consisting of ``n`` elements of array
``X`` with stride ``incx`` and ``n`` elements of array ``Y`` with
stride ``incy``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.dot

doc"""
```rst
``dotu(n, X, incx, Y, incy)``

Dot function for two complex vectors.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.dotu

doc"""
```rst
``herk!(uplo, trans, alpha, A, beta, C)``

Methods for complex arrays only.  Rank-k update of the Hermitian
matrix ``C`` as ``alpha*A*A' + beta*C`` or ``alpha*A'*A + beta*C``
according to whether ``trans`` is 'N' or 'T'.  When ``uplo`` is 'U'
the upper triangle of ``C`` is updated ('L' for lower triangle).
Returns ``C``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.herk!

doc"""
```rst
``trmv(side, ul, tA, dA, alpha, A, b)``

Returns ``alpha*A*b`` or one of the other three variants
determined by ``side`` (A on left or right) and ``tA`` (transpose A).
Only the ``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.  ``dA`` indicates if
``A`` is unit-triangular (the diagonal is assumed to be all ones).
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trmv

doc"""
```rst
``symv(ul, alpha, A, x)``

Returns ``alpha*A*x``. ``A`` is assumed to be symmetric.  Only the
``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.

``symv(ul, A, x)``

Returns ``A*x``.  ``A`` is assumed to be symmetric.  Only the
``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.symv

doc"""
```rst
``dotc(n, X, incx, U, incy)``

Dot function for two complex vectors conjugating the first vector.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.dotc

doc"""
```rst
``axpy!(a, X, Y)``

Overwrite ``Y`` with ``a*X + Y``.  Returns ``Y``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.axpy!

doc"""
```rst
``syrk!(uplo, trans, alpha, A, beta, C)``

Rank-k update of the symmetric matrix ``C`` as ``alpha*A*A.' +
beta*C`` or ``alpha*A.'*A + beta*C`` according to whether ``trans``
is 'N' or 'T'.  When ``uplo`` is 'U' the upper triangle of ``C`` is
updated ('L' for lower triangle).  Returns ``C``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.syrk!

doc"""
```rst
``sbmv(uplo, k, alpha, A, x)``

Returns ``alpha*A*x`` where ``A`` is a symmetric band matrix of
order ``size(A,2)`` with ``k`` super-diagonals stored in the
argument ``A``.

``sbmv(uplo, k, A, x)``

Returns ``A*x`` where ``A`` is a symmetric band matrix of
order ``size(A,2)`` with ``k`` super-diagonals stored in the
argument ``A``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.sbmv

doc"""
```rst
``sbmv!(uplo, k, alpha, A, x, beta, y)``

Update vector ``y`` as ``alpha*A*x + beta*y`` where ``A`` is a
a symmetric band matrix of order ``size(A,2)`` with
``k`` super-diagonals stored in the argument ``A``.  The storage
layout for ``A`` is described the reference BLAS module, level-2
BLAS at http:https://www.netlib.org/lapack/explore-html/.

Returns the updated ``y``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.sbmv!

doc"""
```rst
``symv!(ul, alpha, A, x, beta, y)``

Update the vector ``y`` as ``alpha*A*x + beta*y``. ``A`` is assumed
to be symmetric.  Only the ``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.
Returns the updated ``y``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.symv!

doc"""
```rst
``symm(side, ul, alpha, A, B)``

Returns ``alpha*A*B`` or ``alpha*B*A`` according to ``side``.
``A`` is assumed to be symmetric.  Only the ``ul`` triangle of
``A`` is used.

``symm(side, ul, A, B)``

Returns ``A*B`` or ``B*A`` according to ``side``.  ``A`` is assumed
to be symmetric.  Only the ``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.

``symm(tA, tB, alpha, A, B)``

Returns ``alpha*A*B`` or the other three variants
according to ``tA`` (transpose ``A``) and ``tB``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.symm

doc"""
```rst
``herk(uplo, trans, alpha, A)``

Methods for complex arrays only.  Returns either the upper triangle
or the lower triangle, according to ``uplo`` ('U' or 'L'), of
``alpha*A*A'`` or ``alpha*A'*A``, according to ``trans`` ('N' or 'T').
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.herk

doc"""
```rst
``syrk(uplo, trans, alpha, A)``

Returns either the upper triangle or the lower triangle, according
to ``uplo`` ('U' or 'L'), of ``alpha*A*A.'`` or ``alpha*A.'*A``,
according to ``trans`` ('N' or 'T').
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.syrk

doc"""
```rst
``trsm(side, ul, tA, dA, alpha, A, B)``

Returns the solution to ``A*X = alpha*B`` or one of
the other three variants determined by ``side`` (A on left or
right of ``X``) and ``tA`` (transpose A). Only the ``ul`` triangle
of ``A`` is used.  ``dA`` indicates if ``A`` is unit-triangular
(the diagonal is assumed to be all ones).
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trsm

doc"""
```rst
``blas_set_num_threads(n)``

Set the number of threads the BLAS library should use.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.blas_set_num_threads

doc"""
```rst
``asum(n, X, incx)``

sum of the absolute values of the first ``n`` elements of array ``X`` with
stride ``incx``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.asum

doc"""
```rst
``trmv!(side, ul, tA, dA, alpha, A, b)``

Update ``b`` as ``alpha*A*b`` or one of the other three variants
determined by ``side`` (A on left or right) and ``tA`` (transpose A).
Only the ``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.  ``dA`` indicates if
``A`` is unit-triangular (the diagonal is assumed to be all ones).
Returns the updated ``b``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trmv!

doc"""
```rst
``gemm(tA, tB, alpha, A, B)``

Returns ``alpha*A*B`` or the other three variants
according to ``tA`` (transpose ``A``) and ``tB``.

``gemm(tA, tB, A, B)``

Returns ``A*B`` or the other three variants
according to ``tA`` (transpose ``A``) and ``tB``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.gemm

doc"""
```rst
``symm!(side, ul, alpha, A, B, beta, C)``

Update ``C`` as ``alpha*A*B + beta*C`` or ``alpha*B*A + beta*C``
according to ``side``. ``A`` is assumed to be symmetric.  Only the
``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.  Returns the updated ``C``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.symm!

doc"""
```rst
``scal(n, a, X, incx)``

Returns ``a*X``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.scal

doc"""
```rst
``nrm2(n, X, incx)``

2-norm of a vector consisting of ``n`` elements of array ``X`` with
stride ``incx``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.nrm2

doc"""
```rst
``trmm!(side, ul, tA, dA, alpha, A, B)``

Update ``B`` as ``alpha*A*B`` or one of the other three variants
determined by ``side`` (A on left or right) and ``tA`` (transpose A).
Only the ``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.  ``dA`` indicates if
``A`` is unit-triangular (the diagonal is assumed to be all ones).
Returns the updated ``B``.
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trmm!

doc"""
```rst
``trmm(side, ul, tA, dA, alpha, A, B)``

Returns ``alpha*A*B`` or one of the other three variants
determined by ``side`` (A on left or right) and ``tA`` (transpose A).
Only the ``ul`` triangle of ``A`` is used.  ``dA`` indicates if
``A`` is unit-triangular (the diagonal is assumed to be all ones).
```
"""
LinAlg.BLAS.trmm

# Libdl

doc"""
```rst
``dlopen(libfile::AbstractString [, flags::Integer])``

Load a shared library, returning an opaque handle.

The optional flags argument is a bitwise-or of zero or more of
``RTLD_LOCAL``, ``RTLD_GLOBAL``, ``RTLD_LAZY``, ``RTLD_NOW``, ``RTLD_NODELETE``,
``RTLD_NOLOAD``, ``RTLD_DEEPBIND``, and ``RTLD_FIRST``.  These are converted to
the corresponding flags of the POSIX (and/or GNU libc and/or MacOS)
dlopen command, if possible, or are ignored if the specified
functionality is not available on the current platform.  The
default is ``RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_DEEPBIND|RTLD_LOCAL``.  An important usage
of these flags, on POSIX platforms, is to specify
``RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_DEEPBIND|RTLD_GLOBAL`` in order for the library's
symbols to be available for usage in other shared libraries, in
situations where there are dependencies between shared libraries.
```
"""
Libdl.dlopen

doc"""
```rst
``dlclose(handle)``

Close shared library referenced by handle.
```
"""
Libdl.dlclose

doc"""
```rst
``dlsym_e(handle, sym)``

Look up a symbol from a shared library handle, silently return NULL pointer on lookup failure.
```
"""
Libdl.dlsym_e

doc"""
```rst
``dlopen_e(libfile::AbstractString [, flags::Integer])``

Similar to :func:`dlopen`, except returns a ``NULL`` pointer instead of raising errors.
```
"""
Libdl.dlopen_e

doc"""
```rst
``find_library(names, locations)``

Searches for the first library in ``names`` in the paths in the ``locations`` list, ``DL_LOAD_PATH``, or system
library paths (in that order) which can successfully be dlopen'd. On success, the return value will be one of
the names (potentially prefixed by one of the paths in locations). This string can be assigned to a ``global const``
and used as the library name in future ``ccall``'s. On failure, it returns the empty string.
```
"""
Libdl.find_library

doc"""
```rst
``dlsym(handle, sym)``

Look up a symbol from a shared library handle, return callable function pointer on success.
```
"""
Libdl.dlsym

# Libc

doc"""
```rst
``TmStruct([seconds])``

Convert a number of seconds since the epoch to broken-down format, with fields ``sec``, ``min``, ``hour``, ``mday``, ``month``, ``year``, ``wday``, ``yday``, and ``isdst``.
```
"""
Libc.TmStruct

doc"""
```rst
``time(t::TmStruct)``

Converts a ``TmStruct`` struct to a number of seconds since the epoch.
```
"""
Libc.time

doc"""
```rst
``calloc(num::Integer, size::Integer) -> Ptr{Void}``

Call ``calloc`` from the C standard library.
```
"""
Libc.calloc

doc"""
```rst
``strerror(n)``

Convert a system call error code to a descriptive string
```
"""
Libc.strerror

doc"""
```rst
``realloc(addr::Ptr, size::Integer) -> Ptr{Void}``

Call ``realloc`` from the C standard library.

See warning in the documentation for ``free`` regarding only using this on memory originally obtained from ``malloc``.
```
"""
Libc.realloc

doc"""
```rst
``mmap(len, prot, flags, fd, offset)``

Low-level interface to the ``mmap`` system call. See the man page.
```
"""
Libc.mmap

doc"""
```rst
``free(addr::Ptr)``

Call ``free`` from the C standard library. Only use this on memory obtained from ``malloc``,
not on pointers retrieved from other C libraries.
``Ptr`` objects obtained from C libraries should be freed by the free functions defined in that library,
to avoid assertion failures if multiple ``libc`` libraries exist on the system.
```
"""
Libc.free

doc"""
```rst
``strftime([format], time)``

Convert time, given as a number of seconds since the epoch or a ``TmStruct``, to a formatted string using the given format. Supported formats are the same as those in the standard C library.
```
"""
Libc.strftime

doc"""
```rst
``errno([code])``

Get the value of the C library's ``errno``. If an argument is specified, it is
used to set the value of ``errno``.

The value of ``errno`` is only valid immediately after a ``ccall`` to a C
library routine that sets it. Specifically, you cannot call ``errno`` at the next
prompt in a REPL, because lots of code is executed between prompts.
```
"""
Libc.errno

doc"""
```rst
``malloc(size::Integer) -> Ptr{Void}``

Call ``malloc`` from the C standard library.
```
"""
Libc.malloc

doc"""
```rst
``strptime([format], timestr)``

Parse a formatted time string into a ``TmStruct`` giving the seconds, minute, hour, date, etc. Supported formats are the same as those in the standard C library. On some platforms, timezones will not be parsed correctly. If the result of this function will be passed to ``time`` to convert it to seconds since the epoch, the ``isdst`` field should be filled in manually. Setting it to ``-1`` will tell the C library to use the current system settings to determine the timezone.
```
"""
Libc.strptime

doc"""
```rst
``flush_cstdio()``

Flushes the C ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` streams (which may have been
written to by external C code).
```
"""
Libc.flush_cstdio

doc"""
```rst
``munmap(pointer, len)``

Low-level interface for unmapping memory (see the man page). With :func:`mmap_array` you do not need to call this directly; the memory is unmapped for you when the array goes out of scope.
```
"""
Libc.munmap

doc"""
```rst
``msync(ptr, len, [flags])``

Forces synchronization of the :func:`mmap`\ ped memory region from ``ptr`` to ``ptr+len``. Flags defaults to ``MS_SYNC``, but can be a combination of ``MS_ASYNC``, ``MS_SYNC``, or ``MS_INVALIDATE``. See your platform man page for specifics. The flags argument is not valid on Windows.

You may not need to call ``msync``, because synchronization is performed at intervals automatically by the operating system. However, you can call this directly if, for example, you are concerned about losing the result of a long-running calculation.
```
"""
Libc.msync

# Base.Collections

doc"""
```rst
``PriorityQueue(K, V, [ord])``

Construct a new :obj:`PriorityQueue`, with keys of type ``K`` and values/priorites of
type ``V``. If an order is not given, the priority queue is min-ordered using
the default comparison for ``V``.
```
"""
Collections.PriorityQueue

doc"""
```rst
``enqueue!(pq, k, v)``

Insert the a key ``k`` into a priority queue ``pq`` with priority ``v``.
```
"""
Collections.enqueue!

doc"""
```rst
``dequeue!(pq)``

Remove and return the lowest priority key from a priority queue.
```
"""
Collections.dequeue!

doc"""
```rst
``peek(pq)``

Return the lowest priority key from a priority queue without removing that key from the queue.
```
"""
Collections.peek

doc"""
```rst
``heapify!(v, [ord])``

In-place :func:`heapify`.
```
"""
Collections.heapify!

doc"""
```rst
``heappush!(v, x, [ord])``

Given a binary heap-ordered array, push a new element ``x``, preserving the heap
property. For efficiency, this function does not check that the array is
indeed heap-ordered.
```
"""
Collections.heappush!

doc"""
```rst
``heappop!(v, [ord])``

Given a binary heap-ordered array, remove and return the lowest ordered
element. For efficiency, this function does not check that the array is
indeed heap-ordered.
```
"""
Collections.heappop!

doc"""
```rst
``heapify(v, [ord])``

Return a new vector in binary heap order, optionally using the given
ordering.
```
"""
Collections.heapify

doc"""
```rst
``isheap(v, [ord])``

Return true iff an array is heap-ordered according to the given order.
```
"""
Collections.isheap

# Base.Test

doc"""
```rst
``@test_throws(extype, ex)``

Test that the expression ``ex`` throws an exception of type ``extype`` and calls the current handler to handle the result.
```
"""
Test.@test_throws

doc"""
```rst
``@test_approx_eq_eps(a, b, tol)``

Test two floating point numbers ``a`` and ``b`` for equality taking in account
a margin of tolerance given by ``tol``.
```
"""
Test.@test_approx_eq_eps

doc"""
```rst
``@test(ex)``

Test the expression ``ex`` and calls the current handler to handle the result.
```
"""
Test.@test

doc"""
```rst
``@test_approx_eq(a, b)``

Test two floating point numbers ``a`` and ``b`` for equality taking in account
small numerical errors.
```
"""
Test.@test_approx_eq

doc"""
```rst
``with_handler(f, handler)``

Run the function ``f`` using the ``handler`` as the handler.
```
"""
Test.with_handler

# Base.FFTW

doc"""
```rst
``r2r(A, kind [, dims])``

Performs a multidimensional real-input/real-output (r2r) transform
of type ``kind`` of the array ``A``, as defined in the FFTW manual.
``kind`` specifies either a discrete cosine transform of various types
(``FFTW.REDFT00``, ``FFTW.REDFT01``, ``FFTW.REDFT10``, or
``FFTW.REDFT11``), a discrete sine transform of various types
(``FFTW.RODFT00``, ``FFTW.RODFT01``, ``FFTW.RODFT10``, or
``FFTW.RODFT11``), a real-input DFT with halfcomplex-format output
(``FFTW.R2HC`` and its inverse ``FFTW.HC2R``), or a discrete
Hartley transform (``FFTW.DHT``).  The ``kind`` argument may be
an array or tuple in order to specify different transform types
along the different dimensions of ``A``; ``kind[end]`` is used
for any unspecified dimensions.  See the FFTW manual for precise
definitions of these transform types, at http:https://www.fftw.org/doc.

The optional ``dims`` argument specifies an iterable subset of
dimensions (e.g. an integer, range, tuple, or array) to transform
along. ``kind[i]`` is then the transform type for ``dims[i]``,
with ``kind[end]`` being used for ``i > length(kind)``.

See also :func:`plan_r2r` to pre-plan optimized r2r transforms.
```
"""
FFTW.r2r

doc"""
```rst
``r2r!(A, kind [, dims])``

Same as :func:`r2r`, but operates in-place on ``A``, which must be
an array of real or complex floating-point numbers.
```
"""
FFTW.r2r!

doc"""
```rst
``plan_r2r!(A, kind [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Similar to :func:`Base.plan_fft`, but corresponds to :func:`r2r!`.
```
"""
FFTW.plan_r2r!

doc"""
```rst
``plan_r2r(A, kind [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized r2r transform, similar to :func:`Base.plan_fft`
except that the transforms (and the first three arguments)
correspond to :func:`r2r` and :func:`r2r!`, respectively.
```
"""
FFTW.plan_r2r

# Base.Profile

doc"""
```rst
``print([io::IO = STDOUT,] [data::Vector]; format = :tree, C = false, combine = true, cols = tty_cols())``

Prints profiling results to ``io`` (by default, ``STDOUT``). If you
do not supply a ``data`` vector, the internal buffer of accumulated
backtraces will be used.  ``format`` can be ``:tree`` or
``:flat``. If ``C==true``, backtraces from C and Fortran code are
shown. ``combine==true`` merges instruction pointers that
correspond to the same line of code.  ``cols`` controls the width
of the display.

``print([io::IO = STDOUT,] data::Vector, lidict::Dict; format = :tree, combine = true, cols = tty_cols())``

Prints profiling results to ``io``. This variant is used to examine
results exported by a previous call to :func:`retrieve`.
Supply the vector ``data`` of backtraces and a dictionary
``lidict`` of line information.
```
"""
Profile.print

doc"""
```rst
``init(; n::Integer, delay::Float64)``

Configure the ``delay`` between backtraces (measured in seconds),
and the number ``n`` of instruction pointers that may be
stored. Each instruction pointer corresponds to a single line of
code; backtraces generally consist of a long list of instruction
pointers. Default settings can be obtained by calling this function
with no arguments, and each can be set independently using keywords
or in the order ``(n, delay)``.
```
"""
Profile.init

doc"""
```rst
``clear_malloc_data()``

Clears any stored memory allocation data when running julia with
``--track-allocation``.  Execute the command(s) you want to test
(to force JIT-compilation), then call :func:`clear_malloc_data`.
Then execute your command(s) again, quit Julia, and examine the
resulting ``*.mem`` files.
```
"""
Profile.clear_malloc_data

doc"""
```rst
``callers(funcname, [data, lidict], [filename=<filename>], [linerange=<start:stop>]) -> Vector{Tuple{count, linfo}}``

Given a previous profiling run, determine who called a particular
function. Supplying the filename (and optionally, range of line
numbers over which the function is defined) allows you to
disambiguate an overloaded method. The returned value is a vector
containing a count of the number of calls and line information
about the caller.  One can optionally supply backtrace data
obtained from :func:`retrieve`; otherwise, the current internal profile
buffer is used.
```
"""
Profile.callers

doc"""
```rst
``fetch() -> data``

Returns a reference to the internal buffer of backtraces. Note that
subsequent operations, like :func:`clear`, can affect
``data`` unless you first make a copy. Note that the values in
``data`` have meaning only on this machine in the current session,
because it depends on the exact memory addresses used in
JIT-compiling. This function is primarily for internal use;
:func:`retrieve` may be a better choice for most users.
```
"""
Profile.fetch

doc"""
```rst
``retrieve() -> data, lidict``

"Exports" profiling results in a portable format, returning the set
of all backtraces (``data``) and a dictionary that maps the
(session-specific) instruction pointers in ``data`` to ``LineInfo``
values that store the file name, function name, and line
number. This function allows you to save profiling results for
future analysis.
```
"""
Profile.retrieve

doc"""
```rst
``clear()``

Clear any existing backtraces from the internal buffer.
```
"""
Profile.clear

# Base.Cartesian

doc"""
```rst
``@nall N expr``

 ``@nall 3 d->(i_d > 1)`` would generate the expression
 ``(i_1 > 1 && i_2 > 1 && i_3 > 1)``. This can be convenient for
 bounds-checking.
```
"""
Cartesian.@nall

doc"""
```rst
``@nloops N itersym rangeexpr bodyexpr``
           @nloops N itersym rangeexpr preexpr bodyexpr
           @nloops N itersym rangeexpr preexpr postexpr bodyexpr

 Generate ``N`` nested loops, using ``itersym`` as the prefix for
 the iteration variables. ``rangeexpr`` may be an
 anonymous-function expression, or a simple symbol ``var`` in which
 case the range is ``1:size(var,d)`` for dimension ``d``.

 Optionally, you can provide "pre" and "post" expressions. These
 get executed first and last, respectively, in the body of each
 loop. For example,
 ::

     @nloops 2 i A d->j_d=min(i_d,5) begin
         s += @nref 2 A j
     end

 would generate
 ::

     for i_2 = 1:size(A, 2)
         j_2 = min(i_2, 5)
         for i_1 = 1:size(A, 1)
             j_1 = min(i_1, 5)
             s += A[j_1,j_2]
         end
     end

 If you want just a post-expression, supply
 ``nothing`` for the pre-expression. Using parenthesis and
 semicolons, you can supply multi-statement expressions.
```
"""
Cartesian.@nloops

doc"""
```rst
``@ntuple N expr``

 Generates an ``N``-tuple.  ``@ntuple 2 i`` would generate ``(i_1, i_2)``, and ``@ntuple 2 k->k+1`` would generate ``(2,3)``.
```
"""
Cartesian.@ntuple

doc"""
```rst
``@nif N conditionexpr expr``
           @nif N conditionexpr expr elseexpr

 Generates a sequence of ``if ... elseif ... else ... end`` statements. For example::

     @nif 3 d->(i_d >= size(A,d)) d->(error("Dimension ", d, " too big")) d->println("All OK")

 would generate::

     if i_1 > size(A, 1)
```
"""
Cartesian.@nif

doc"""
```rst
``@nref N A indexexpr``

 Generate expressions like ``A[i_1,i_2,...]``.  ``indexexpr`` can
 either be an iteration-symbol prefix, or an anonymous-function
 expression.
```
"""
Cartesian.@nref

doc"""
```rst
``@nexprs N expr``

 Generate ``N`` expressions. ``expr`` should be an
 anonymous-function expression.
```
"""
Cartesian.@nexprs

# Base

doc"""
```rst
``@time``

A macro to execute an expression, printing the time it took to execute, the number of allocations, and the total number of bytes its execution caused to be allocated, before returning the value of the expression.
```
"""
@time

doc"""
```rst
``systemerror(sysfunc, iftrue)``

Raises a ``SystemError`` for ``errno`` with the descriptive string ``sysfunc`` if ``bool`` is true
```
"""
systemerror

doc"""
```rst
``writedlm(f, A, delim='\\t')``

Write ``A`` (a vector, matrix or an iterable collection of iterable rows) as text to ``f`` (either a filename string or an ``IO`` stream) using the given delimeter ``delim`` (which defaults to tab, but can be any printable Julia object, typically a ``Char`` or ``AbstractString``).

For example, two vectors ``x`` and ``y`` of the same length can
be written as two columns of tab-delimited text to ``f`` by
either ``writedlm(f, [x y])`` or by ``writedlm(f, zip(x, y))``.
```
"""
writedlm

doc"""
```rst
``cholfact(A, [LU=:U[,pivot=Val{false}]][;tol=-1.0]) -> Cholesky``

Compute the Cholesky factorization of a dense symmetric positive (semi)definite matrix ``A`` and return either a ``Cholesky`` if ``pivot==Val{false}`` or ``CholeskyPivoted`` if ``pivot==Val{true}``. ``LU`` may be ``:L`` for using the lower part or ``:U`` for the upper part. The default is to use ``:U``. The triangular matrix can be obtained from the factorization ``F`` with: ``F[:L]`` and ``F[:U]``. The following functions are available for ``Cholesky`` objects: ``size``, ``\``, ``inv``, ``det``. For ``CholeskyPivoted`` there is also defined a ``rank``. If ``pivot==Val{false}`` a ``PosDefException`` exception is thrown in case the matrix is not positive definite. The argument ``tol`` determines the tolerance for determining the rank. For negative values, the tolerance is the machine precision.

``cholfact(A; shift=0, perm=Int[]) -> CHOLMOD.Factor``

Compute the Cholesky factorization of a sparse positive definite
matrix ``A``. A fill-reducing permutation is used.  ``F =
cholfact(A)`` is most frequently used to solve systems of equations
with ``F\b``, but also the methods ``diag``, ``det``, ``logdet``
are defined for ``F``.  You can also extract individual factors
from ``F``, using ``F[:L]``.  However, since pivoting is on by
default, the factorization is internally represented as ``A ==
P'*L*L'*P`` with a permutation matrix ``P``; using just ``L``
without accounting for ``P`` will give incorrect answers.  To
include the effects of permutation, it's typically preferable to
extact "combined" factors like ``PtL = F[:PtL]`` (the equivalent of
``P'*L``) and ``LtP = F[:UP]`` (the equivalent of ``L'*P``).

Setting optional ``shift`` keyword argument computes the factorization
of ``A+shift*I`` instead of ``A``.  If the ``perm`` argument is nonempty,
it should be a permutation of `1:size(A,1)` giving the ordering to use
(instead of CHOLMOD's default AMD ordering).

The function calls the C library CHOLMOD and many other functions
from the library are wrapped but not exported.
```
"""
cholfact

doc"""
```rst
``digamma(x)``

Compute the digamma function of ``x`` (the logarithmic derivative of ``gamma(x)``)
```
"""
digamma

doc"""
```rst
``fill!(A, x)``

Fill array ``A`` with the value ``x``. If ``x`` is an object reference, all elements will refer to the same object.
``fill!(A, Foo())`` will return ``A`` filled with the result of evaluating ``Foo()`` once.
```
"""
fill!

doc"""
```rst
``read!(stream, array::Array)``

Read binary data from a stream, filling in the argument ``array``.
```
"""
read!

doc"""
```rst
``empty!(collection) -> collection``

Remove all elements from a ``collection``.
```
"""
empty!

doc"""
```rst
``asin(x)``

Compute the inverse sine of ``x``, where the output is in radians
```
"""
asin

doc"""
```rst
``<:(T1, T2)``

Subtype operator, equivalent to ``issubtype(T1,T2)``.
```
"""
Base.(:(<:))

doc"""
```rst
``schedule(t::Task, [val]; error=false)``

Add a task to the scheduler's queue. This causes the task to run constantly
when the system is otherwise idle, unless the task performs a blocking
operation such as ``wait``.

If a second argument is provided, it will be passed to the task (via the
return value of ``yieldto``) when it runs again. If ``error`` is true,
the value is raised as an exception in the woken task.
```
"""
schedule

doc"""
```rst
``step(r)``

Get the step size of a :obj:`Range` object.
```
"""
step

doc"""
```rst
``utf32(s)``

Create a UTF-32 string from a byte array, array of ``Char`` or ``UInt32``, or
any other string type.  (Conversions of byte arrays check for a
byte-order marker in the first four bytes, and do not include it in
the resulting string.)

Note that the resulting ``UTF32String`` data is terminated by the NUL
codepoint (32-bit zero), which is not treated as a character in the
string (so that it is mostly invisible in Julia); this allows the
string to be passed directly to external functions requiring
NUL-terminated data.  This NUL is appended automatically by the
`utf32(s)` conversion function.  If you have a ``Char`` or ``UInt32`` array
``A`` that is already NUL-terminated UTF-32 data, then you
can instead use `UTF32String(A)`` to construct the string without
making a copy of the data and treating the NUL as a terminator
rather than as part of the string.

``utf32(::Union{Ptr{Char},Ptr{UInt32},Ptr{Int32}} [, length])``

Create a string from the address of a NUL-terminated UTF-32 string. A copy is made; the pointer can be safely freed. If ``length`` is specified, the string does not have to be NUL-terminated.
```
"""
utf32

doc"""
```rst
``takebuf_array(b::IOBuffer)``

Obtain the contents of an ``IOBuffer`` as an array, without copying. Afterwards, the IOBuffer is reset to its initial state.
```
"""
takebuf_array

doc"""
```rst
``download(url,[localfile])``

Download a file from the given url, optionally renaming it to the given local file name.
Note that this function relies on the availability of external tools such as ``curl``,
``wget`` or ``fetch`` to download the file and is provided for convenience. For production
use or situations in which more options are need, please use a package that provides the
desired functionality instead.
```
"""
download

doc"""
```rst
``lstrip(string, [chars])``

Return ``string`` with any leading whitespace removed. If ``chars`` (a character, or vector or set of characters) is provided, instead remove characters contained in it.
```
"""
lstrip

doc"""
```rst
``reenable_sigint(f::Function)``

Re-enable Ctrl-C handler during execution of a function. Temporarily
reverses the effect of ``disable_sigint``.
```
"""
reenable_sigint

doc"""
```rst
``indmin(itr) -> Integer``

Returns the index of the minimum element in a collection.
```
"""
indmin

doc"""
```rst
``powermod(x, p, m)``

Compute :math:`x^p \pmod m`
```
"""
powermod

doc"""
```rst
``typeintersect(T, S)``

Compute a type that contains the intersection of ``T`` and ``S``. Usually this will be the smallest such type or one close to it.
```
"""
typeintersect

doc"""
```rst
``plan_bfft!(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_bfft`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
plan_bfft!

doc"""
```rst
``pointer(array [, index])``

Get the native address of an array or string element. Be careful to
ensure that a julia reference to ``a`` exists as long as this
pointer will be used. This function is "unsafe" like ``unsafe_convert``.

Calling ``Ref(array[, index])`` is generally preferable to this function.
```
"""
pointer

doc"""
```rst
``countnz(A)``

Counts the number of nonzero values in array A (dense or sparse). Note that this is not a constant-time operation. For sparse matrices, one should usually use ``nnz``, which returns the number of stored values.
```
"""
countnz

doc"""
```rst
``isnan(f) -> Bool``

Test whether a floating point number is not a number (NaN)
```
"""
isnan

doc"""
```rst
``plan_irfft(A, d [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized inverse real-input FFT, similar to :func:`plan_rfft`
except for :func:`irfft` and :func:`brfft`, respectively.  The first
three arguments have the same meaning as for :func:`irfft`.
```
"""
plan_irfft

doc"""
```rst
``println(x)``

Print (using :func:`print`) ``x`` followed by a newline.
```
"""
println

doc"""
```rst
``besselj(nu, x)``

Bessel function of the first kind of order ``nu``, :math:`J_\nu(x)`.
```
"""
besselj

doc"""
```rst
``@code_lowered``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls :func:`code_lowered` on the resulting expression
```
"""
@code_lowered

doc"""
```rst
``//(num, den)``

Divide two integers or rational numbers, giving a ``Rational`` result.
```
"""
Base.(:(//))

doc"""
```rst
``At_mul_B(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`T` B
```
"""
At_mul_B

doc"""
```rst
``methods(f, [types])``

Returns the method table for ``f``.

If ``types`` is specified, returns an array of methods whose types match.
```
"""
methods

doc"""
```rst
``pmap(f, lsts...; err_retry=true, err_stop=false, pids=workers())``

Transform collections ``lsts`` by applying ``f`` to each element in parallel.
If ``nprocs() > 1``, the calling process will be dedicated to assigning tasks.
All other available processes will be used as parallel workers, or on the processes specified by ``pids``.

If ``err_retry`` is true, it retries a failed application of ``f`` on a different worker.
If ``err_stop`` is true, it takes precedence over the value of ``err_retry`` and ``pmap`` stops execution on the first error.
```
"""
pmap

doc"""
```rst
``workers()``

Returns a list of all worker process identifiers.
```
"""
workers

doc"""
```rst
``isinteger(x) -> Bool``

Test whether ``x`` or all its elements are numerically equal to some integer
```
"""
isinteger

doc"""
```rst
``sortrows(A, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Sort the rows of matrix ``A`` lexicographically.
```
"""
sortrows

doc"""
```rst
``./(x, y)``

Element-wise right division operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(./))

doc"""
```rst
``IPv6(host::Integer) -> IPv6``

Returns IPv6 object from ip address formatted as Integer
```
"""
IPv6

doc"""
```rst
``prod!(r, A)``

Multiply elements of ``A`` over the singleton dimensions of ``r``,
and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
prod!

doc"""
```rst
``hist2d!(counts, M, e1, e2) -> (e1, e2, counts)``

Compute a "2d histogram" with respect to the bins delimited by the edges given
in ``e1`` and ``e2``. This function writes the results to a pre-allocated
array ``counts``.
```
"""
hist2d!

doc"""
```rst
``fieldtype(type, name::Symbol | index::Int)``

Determine the declared type of a field (specified by name or index) in a composite type.
```
"""
fieldtype

doc"""
```rst
``hypot(x, y)``

Compute the :math:`\sqrt{x^2+y^2}` avoiding overflow and underflow
```
"""
hypot

doc"""
```rst
``airybi(x)``

Airy function :math:`\operatorname{Bi}(x)`.
```
"""
airybi

doc"""
```rst
``gensym([tag])``

Generates a symbol which will not conflict with other variable names.
```
"""
gensym

doc"""
```rst
``cummin(A, [dim])``

Cumulative minimum along a dimension.
The dimension defaults to 1.
```
"""
cummin

doc"""
```rst
``minabs!(r, A)``

Compute the minimum absolute values over the singleton dimensions of ``r``,
and write values to ``r``.
```
"""
minabs!

doc"""
```rst
``prevprod([k_1,k_2,...], n)``

Previous integer not greater than ``n`` that can be written as :math:`\prod k_i^{p_i}` for integers :math:`p_1`, :math:`p_2`, etc.
```
"""
prevprod

doc"""
```rst
``@evalpoly(z, c...)``

Evaluate the polynomial :math:`\sum_k c[k] z^{k-1}` for the
coefficients ``c[1]``, ``c[2]``, ...; that is, the coefficients are
given in ascending order by power of ``z``.  This macro expands to
efficient inline code that uses either Horner's method or, for
complex ``z``, a more efficient Goertzel-like algorithm.
```
"""
@evalpoly

doc"""
```rst
``eigfact!(A, [B])``

Same as :func:`eigfact`, but saves space by overwriting the input ``A`` (and
``B``), instead of creating a copy.
```
"""
eigfact!

doc"""
```rst
``cosh(x)``

Compute hyperbolic cosine of ``x``
```
"""
cosh

doc"""
```rst
``ipermutedims(A, perm)``

Like :func:`permutedims`, except the inverse of the given permutation is applied.
```
"""
ipermutedims

doc"""
```rst
``dirname(path::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

Get the directory part of a path.
```
"""
dirname

doc"""
```rst
``isfile(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a regular file, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
isfile

doc"""
```rst
``symlink(target, link)``

Creates a symbolic link to ``target`` with the name ``link``.

.. note::

   This function raises an error under operating systems that do not support
   soft symbolic links, such as Windows XP.
```
"""
symlink

doc"""
```rst
``task_local_storage(symbol)``

Look up the value of a symbol in the current task's task-local storage.

``task_local_storage(symbol, value)``

Assign a value to a symbol in the current task's task-local storage.

``task_local_storage(body, symbol, value)``

Call the function ``body`` with a modified task-local storage, in which
``value`` is assigned to ``symbol``; the previous value of ``symbol``, or
lack thereof, is restored afterwards. Useful for emulating dynamic scoping.
```
"""
task_local_storage

doc"""
```rst
``diff(A, [dim])``

Finite difference operator of matrix or vector.
```
"""
diff

doc"""
```rst
``precision(num::FloatingPoint)``

Get the precision of a floating point number, as defined by the effective number of bits in the mantissa.
```
"""
precision

doc"""
```rst
``cor(v1[, v2][, vardim=1, mean=nothing])``

Compute the Pearson correlation between the vector(s) in ``v1`` and ``v2``.

Users can use the keyword argument ``vardim`` to specify the variable
dimension, and ``mean`` to supply pre-computed mean values.
```
"""
cor

doc"""
```rst
``partitions(n)``

Generate all integer arrays that sum to ``n``. Because the number of
partitions can be very large, this function returns an iterator
object. Use ``collect(partitions(n))`` to get an array of all
partitions. The number of partitions to generate can be efficiently
computed using ``length(partitions(n))``.

``partitions(n, m)``

Generate all arrays of ``m`` integers that sum to ``n``. Because
the number of partitions can be very large, this function returns an
iterator object. Use ``collect(partitions(n,m))`` to get an array of
all partitions. The number of partitions to generate can be efficiently
computed using ``length(partitions(n,m))``.

``partitions(array)``

Generate all set partitions of the elements of an array,
represented as arrays of arrays. Because the number of partitions
can be very large, this function returns an iterator object. Use
``collect(partitions(array))`` to get an array of all partitions.
The number of partitions to generate can be efficiently
computed using ``length(partitions(array))``.

``partitions(array, m)``

Generate all set partitions of the elements of an array into exactly m
subsets, represented as arrays of arrays. Because the number of
partitions can be very large, this function returns an iterator object.
Use ``collect(partitions(array,m))`` to get an array of all partitions.
The number of partitions into m subsets is equal to the Stirling number
of the second kind and can be efficiently computed using
``length(partitions(array,m))``.
```
"""
partitions

doc"""
```rst
``readlines(stream)``

Read all lines as an array.
```
"""
readlines

doc"""
```rst
``findnz(A)``

Return a tuple ``(I, J, V)`` where ``I`` and ``J`` are the row and
column indexes of the non-zero values in matrix ``A``, and ``V`` is
a vector of the non-zero values.
```
"""
findnz

doc"""
```rst
``RemoteRef()``

Make an uninitialized remote reference on the local machine.

``RemoteRef(n)``

Make an uninitialized remote reference on process ``n``.
```
"""
RemoteRef

doc"""
```rst
``foldl(op, v0, itr)``

Like :func:`reduce`, but with guaranteed left associativity. ``v0``
will be used exactly once.

``foldl(op, itr)``

Like ``foldl(op, v0, itr)``, but using the first element of ``itr``
as ``v0``. In general, this cannot be used with empty collections
(see ``reduce(op, itr)``).
```
"""
foldl

doc"""
```rst
``airybiprime(x)``

Airy function derivative :math:`\operatorname{Bi}'(x)`.
```
"""
airybiprime

doc"""
```rst
``Ac_rdiv_B(a,b)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`H` / B
```
"""
Ac_rdiv_B

doc"""
```rst
``set_rounding(T, mode)``

Set the rounding mode of floating point type ``T``, controlling the
rounding of basic arithmetic functions (:func:`+`, :func:`-`, :func:`*`,
:func:`/` and :func:`sqrt`) and type conversion.

Note that this may affect other types, for instance changing the rounding
mode of ``Float64`` will change the rounding mode of ``Float32``. See
``get_rounding`` for available modes
```
"""
set_rounding

doc"""
```rst
``linspace(start, stop, n=100)``

Construct a range of ``n`` linearly spaced elements from ``start`` to ``stop``.
```
"""
linspace

doc"""
```rst
``promote_type(type1, type2)``

Determine a type big enough to hold values of each argument type without loss, whenever possible. In some cases, where no type exists to which both types can be promoted losslessly, some loss is tolerated; for example, ``promote_type(Int64,Float64)`` returns ``Float64`` even though strictly, not all ``Int64`` values can be represented exactly as ``Float64`` values.
```
"""
promote_type

doc"""
```rst
``ind2sub(dims, index) -> subscripts``

Returns a tuple of subscripts into an array with dimensions ``dims``, corresponding to the linear index ``index``

**Example** ``i, j, ... = ind2sub(size(A), indmax(A))`` provides the indices of the maximum element

``ind2sub(a, index) -> subscripts``

Returns a tuple of subscripts into array ``a`` corresponding to the linear index ``index``
```
"""
ind2sub

doc"""
```rst
``.*(x, y)``

Element-wise multiplication operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.*))

doc"""
```rst
``ror!(dest::BitArray{1}, src::BitArray{1}, i::Integer) -> BitArray{1}``

Performs a right rotation operation on ``src`` and put the result into ``dest``.

``ror!(B::BitArray{1}, i::Integer) -> BitArray{1}``

Performs a right rotation operation on B.
```
"""
ror!

doc"""
```rst
``range(start, [step], length)``

Construct a range by length, given a starting value and optional step (defaults to 1).
```
"""
range

doc"""
```rst
``eltype(type)``

Determine the type of the elements generated by iterating a collection of the
given ``type``.
For associative collection types, this will be a ``(key,value)`` tuple type.
The definition ``eltype(x) = eltype(typeof(x))`` is provided for convenience so
that instances can be passed instead of types. However the form that accepts
a type argument should be defined for new types.
```
"""
eltype

doc"""
```rst
``edit(file::AbstractString, [line])``

Edit a file optionally providing a line number to edit at. Returns to the julia prompt when you quit the editor.

``edit(function, [types])``

Edit the definition of a function, optionally specifying a tuple of types to indicate which method to edit.
```
"""
edit

doc"""
```rst
``backtrace()``

Get a backtrace object for the current program point.
```
"""
backtrace

doc"""
```rst
``ignorestatus(command)``

Mark a command object so that running it will not throw an error if the
result code is non-zero.
```
"""
ignorestatus

doc"""
```rst
``reducedim(f, A, dims[, initial])``

Reduce 2-argument function ``f`` along dimensions of ``A``. ``dims`` is a
vector specifying the dimensions to reduce, and ``initial`` is the initial
value to use in the reductions. For `+`, `*`, `max` and `min` the `initial`
argument is optional.

The associativity of the reduction is implementation-dependent; if you
need a particular associativity, e.g. left-to-right, you should write
your own loop. See documentation for ``reduce``.
```
"""
reducedim

doc"""
```rst
``-(x)``

Unary minus operator.

``-(x, y)``

Subtraction operator.
```
"""
-

doc"""
```rst
``mapfoldr(f, op, v0, itr)``

Like :func:`mapreduce`, but with guaranteed right associativity. ``v0``
will be used exactly once.

``mapfoldr(f, op, itr)``

Like ``mapfoldr(f, op, v0, itr)``, but using the first element of
``itr`` as ``v0``. In general, this cannot be used with empty
collections (see ``reduce(op, itr)``).
```
"""
mapfoldr

doc"""
```rst
``broadcast_setindex!(A, X, inds...)``

Broadcasts the ``X`` and ``inds`` arrays to a common size and stores the value from each position in ``X`` at the indices given by the same positions in ``inds``.
```
"""
broadcast_setindex!

doc"""
```rst
``Nullable(x)``

Wrap value ``x`` in an object of type ``Nullable``, which indicates whether a value is present.
``Nullable(x)`` yields a non-empty wrapper, and ``Nullable{T}()`` yields an empty instance
of a wrapper that might contain a value of type ``T``.
```
"""
Nullable

doc"""
```rst
``bits(n)``

A string giving the literal bit representation of a number.
```
"""
bits

doc"""
```rst
``launch(manager::FooManager, params::Dict, launched::Vector{WorkerConfig}, launch_ntfy::Condition)``

 Implemented by cluster managers. For every Julia worker launched by this function, it should append a ``WorkerConfig`` entry
 to ``launched`` and notify ``launch_ntfy``. The function MUST exit once all workers, requested by ``manager`` have been launched.
 ``params`` is a dictionary of all keyword arguments ``addprocs`` was called with.
```
"""
launch

doc"""
```rst
``@code_typed``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls :func:`code_typed` on the resulting expression
```
"""
@code_typed

doc"""
```rst
``invdigamma(x)``

Compute the inverse digamma function of ``x``.
```
"""
invdigamma

doc"""
```rst
``getindex(type[, elements...])``

Construct a 1-d array of the specified type. This is usually called with the syntax ``Type[]``. Element values can be specified using ``Type[a,b,c,...]``.

``getindex(A, inds...)``

Returns a subset of array ``A`` as specified by ``inds``, where each ``ind`` may be an ``Int``, a ``Range``, or a ``Vector``. See the manual section on :ref:`array indexing <man-array-indexing>` for details.

``getindex(collection, key...)``

Retrieve the value(s) stored at the given key or index within a collection.
The syntax ``a[i,j,...]`` is converted by the compiler to
``getindex(a, i, j, ...)``.
```
"""
getindex

doc"""
```rst
``cconvert(T,x)``

Convert "x" to a value of type "T", typically by calling ``convert(T,x)``

In cases where "x" cannot be safely converted to "T", unlike ``convert``,
``cconvert`` may return an object of a type different from "T",
which however is suitable for ``unsafe_convert`` to handle.

Neither ``convert`` nor ``cconvert`` should take a Julia object and turn it into a ``Ptr``.
```
"""
cconvert

doc"""
```rst
``|>(x, f)``

Applies a function to the preceding argument. This allows for easy function chaining.

.. doctest::

   julia> [1:5;] |> x->x.^2 |> sum |> inv
   0.01818181818181818
```
"""
Base.(:(|>))

doc"""
```rst
``assert(cond)``

Throw an ``AssertionError`` if ``cond`` is false. Also available as the macro ``@assert expr``.
```
"""
assert

doc"""
```rst
``sech(x)``

Compute the hyperbolic secant of ``x``
```
"""
sech

doc"""
```rst
``nworkers()``

Get the number of available worker processes. This is one less than nprocs(). Equal to nprocs() if nprocs() == 1.
```
"""
nworkers

doc"""
```rst
``filemode(file)``

Equivalent to stat(file).mode
```
"""
filemode

doc"""
```rst
``print_joined(io, items, delim, [last])``

Print elements of ``items`` to ``io`` with ``delim`` between them. If ``last`` is specified, it is used as the final delimiter instead of ``delim``.
```
"""
print_joined

doc"""
```rst
``lfact(x)``

Compute the logarithmic factorial of ``x``
```
"""
lfact

doc"""
```rst
``deconv(b,a)``

Construct vector ``c`` such that ``b = conv(a,c) + r``. Equivalent to polynomial division.
```
"""
deconv

doc"""
```rst
``insert!(collection, index, item)``

Insert an ``item`` into ``collection`` at the given ``index``.
``index`` is the index of ``item`` in the resulting ``collection``.

.. doctest::

   julia> insert!([6, 5, 4, 2, 1], 4, 3)
   6-element Array{Int64,1}:
    6
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
```
"""
insert!

doc"""
```rst
``repmat(A, n, m)``

Construct a matrix by repeating the given matrix ``n`` times in dimension 1 and ``m`` times in dimension 2.
```
"""
repmat

doc"""
```rst
``acos(x)``

Compute the inverse cosine of ``x``, where the output is in radians
```
"""
acos

doc"""
```rst
``nzrange(A, col)``

Return the range of indices to the structural nonzero values of a sparse matrix column. In conjunction with ``nonzeros(A)`` and ``rowvals(A)``, this allows for convenient iterating over a sparse matrix ::

   A = sparse(I,J,V)
   rows = rowvals(A)
   vals = nonzeros(A)
   m, n = size(A)
   for i = 1:n
      for j in nzrange(A, i)
         row = rows[j]
         val = vals[j]
         # perform sparse wizardry...
      end
   end
```
"""
nzrange

doc"""
```rst
``ispath(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a valid filesystem path, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
ispath

doc"""
```rst
``fdio([name::AbstractString, ]fd::Integer[, own::Bool]) -> IOStream``

Create an ``IOStream`` object from an integer file descriptor. If ``own`` is true, closing this object will close the underlying descriptor. By default, an ``IOStream`` is closed when it is garbage collected. ``name`` allows you to associate the descriptor with a named file.
```
"""
fdio

doc"""
```rst
``unsafe_copy!(dest::Ptr{T}, src::Ptr{T}, N)``

Copy ``N`` elements from a source pointer to a destination, with no checking. The
size of an element is determined by the type of the pointers.

The ``unsafe`` prefix on this function indicates that no validation is performed
on the pointers ``dest`` and ``src`` to ensure that they are valid.
Incorrect usage may corrupt or segfault your program, in the same manner as C.

``unsafe_copy!(dest::Array, do, src::Array, so, N)``

Copy ``N`` elements from a source array to a destination, starting at offset ``so``
in the source and ``do`` in the destination (1-indexed).

The ``unsafe`` prefix on this function indicates that no validation is performed
to ensure that N is inbounds on either array. Incorrect usage may corrupt or segfault
your program, in the same manner as C.
```
"""
unsafe_copy!

doc"""
```rst
``diag(M[, k])``

The ``k``\ th diagonal of a matrix, as a vector. Use ``diagm`` to construct a diagonal matrix.
```
"""
diag

doc"""
```rst
``.^(x, y)``

Element-wise exponentiation operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.^))

doc"""
```rst
``isspace(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is any whitespace character.  Includes ASCII characters '\\t', '\\n', '\\v', '\\f', '\\r', and ' ', Latin-1 character U+0085, and characters in Unicode category Zs.  For strings, tests whether this    is true for all elements of the string.
```
"""
isspace

doc"""
```rst
``splitext(path::AbstractString) -> (AbstractString,AbstractString)``

If the last component of a path contains a dot, split the path into everything
before the dot and everything including and after the dot. Otherwise, return
a tuple of the argument unmodified and the empty string.
```
"""
splitext

doc"""
```rst
``gethostname() -> AbstractString``

Get the local machine's host name.
```
"""
gethostname

doc"""
```rst
``code_typed(f, types; optimize=true)``

Returns an array of lowered and type-inferred ASTs for the methods matching the given generic function and type signature. The keyword argument ``optimize`` controls whether additional optimizations, such as inlining, are also applied.
```
"""
code_typed

doc"""
```rst
``hankelh1x(nu, x)``

Scaled Bessel function of the third kind of order ``nu``, :math:`H^{(1)}_\nu(x) e^{-x i}`.
```
"""
hankelh1x

doc"""
```rst
``blkdiag(A...)``

Concatenate matrices block-diagonally. Currently only implemented for sparse matrices.
```
"""
blkdiag

doc"""
```rst
``replace(string, pat, r[, n])``

Search for the given pattern ``pat``, and replace each occurrence with ``r``. If ``n`` is provided, replace at most ``n`` occurrences.  As with search, the second argument may be a single character, a vector or a set of characters, a string, or a regular expression. If ``r`` is a function, each occurrence is replaced with ``r(s)`` where ``s`` is the matched substring.
```
"""
replace

doc"""
```rst
``randexp([rng], [dims...])``

Generate a random number according to the exponential distribution with scale 1. Optionally generate an array of such random numbers.
```
"""
randexp

doc"""
```rst
``chop(string)``

Remove the last character from a string
```
"""
chop

doc"""
```rst
``Float32(x [, mode::RoundingMode])``

Create a Float32 from ``x``. If ``x`` is not exactly representable then
``mode`` determines how ``x`` is rounded.

.. doctest::

   julia> Float32(1/3, RoundDown)
   0.3333333f0

   julia> Float32(1/3, RoundUp)
   0.33333334f0

See ``get_rounding`` for available rounding modes.
```
"""
Float32

doc"""
```rst
``readuntil(stream, delim)``

Read a string, up to and including the given delimiter byte.
```
"""
readuntil

doc"""
```rst
``isimmutable(v)``

True if value ``v`` is immutable.  See :ref:`man-immutable-composite-types` for a discussion of immutability.
Note that this function works on values, so if you give it a type, it will tell you that a value of ``DataType`` is mutable.
```
"""
isimmutable

doc"""
```rst
``macroexpand(x)``

Takes the expression x and returns an equivalent expression with all macros removed (expanded).
```
"""
macroexpand

doc"""
```rst
``issticky(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` has the sticky bit set, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
issticky

doc"""
```rst
``rol(B::BitArray{1}, i::Integer) -> BitArray{1}``

Performs a left rotation operation.
```
"""
rol

doc"""
```rst
``airyprime(x)``

Airy function derivative :math:`\operatorname{Ai}'(x)`.
```
"""
airyprime

doc"""
```rst
``bessely0(x)``

Bessel function of the second kind of order 0, :math:`Y_0(x)`.
```
"""
bessely0

doc"""
```rst
``any!(r, A)``

Test whether any values in ``A`` along the singleton dimensions of ``r`` are true,
and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
any!

doc"""
```rst
``falses(dims)``

Create a ``BitArray`` with all values set to false
```
"""
falses

doc"""
```rst
``filter!(function, collection)``

Update ``collection``, removing elements for which ``function`` is false.
For associative collections, the function is passed two arguments (key and value).
```
"""
filter!

doc"""
```rst
``schurfact(A) -> Schur``

Computes the Schur factorization of the matrix ``A``. The (quasi) triangular Schur factor can be obtained from the ``Schur`` object ``F`` with either ``F[:Schur]`` or ``F[:T]`` and the unitary/orthogonal Schur vectors can be obtained with ``F[:vectors]`` or ``F[:Z]`` such that ``A=F[:vectors]*F[:Schur]*F[:vectors]'``. The eigenvalues of ``A`` can be obtained with ``F[:values]``.

``schurfact(A, B) -> GeneralizedSchur``

Computes the Generalized Schur (or QZ) factorization of the matrices ``A`` and ``B``. The (quasi) triangular Schur factors can be obtained from the ``Schur`` object ``F`` with ``F[:S]`` and ``F[:T]``, the left unitary/orthogonal Schur vectors can be obtained with ``F[:left]`` or ``F[:Q]`` and the right unitary/orthogonal Schur vectors can be obtained with ``F[:right]`` or ``F[:Z]`` such that ``A=F[:left]*F[:S]*F[:right]'`` and ``B=F[:left]*F[:T]*F[:right]'``. The generalized eigenvalues of ``A`` and ``B`` can be obtained with ``F[:alpha]./F[:beta]``.
```
"""
schurfact

doc"""
```rst
``base64decode(string)``

Decodes the base64-encoded ``string`` and returns a ``Vector{UInt8}``
of the decoded bytes.
```
"""
base64decode

doc"""
```rst
``besselkx(nu, x)``

Scaled modified Bessel function of the second kind of order ``nu``, :math:`K_\nu(x) e^x`.
```
"""
besselkx

doc"""
```rst
``myid()``

Get the id of the current process.
```
"""
myid

doc"""
```rst
``oct(n, [pad])``

Convert an integer to an octal string, optionally specifying a number of digits to pad to.
```
"""
oct

doc"""
```rst
``timedwait(testcb::Function, secs::Float64; pollint::Float64=0.1)``

Waits till ``testcb`` returns ``true`` or for ``secs``` seconds, whichever is earlier.
``testcb`` is polled every ``pollint`` seconds.
```
"""
timedwait

doc"""
```rst
``sizeof(type)``

Size, in bytes, of the canonical binary representation of the given type, if any.

``sizeof(s::AbstractString)``

The number of bytes in string ``s``.
```
"""
sizeof

doc"""
```rst
``===(x, y)``
           ≡(x,y)

See the :func:`is` operator
```
"""
Base.(:(===))

doc"""
```rst
``ReadOnlyMemoryError()``

An operation tried to write to memory that is read-only.
```
"""
ReadOnlyMemoryError

doc"""
```rst
``startswith(string, prefix | chars)``

Returns ``true`` if ``string`` starts with ``prefix``. If the second argument is a vector or set of characters, tests whether the first character of ``string`` belongs to that set.
```
"""
startswith

doc"""
```rst
``permutedims!(dest, src, perm)``

Permute the dimensions of array ``src`` and store the result in the array ``dest``. ``perm`` is a vector specifying a permutation of length ``ndims(src)``. The preallocated array ``dest`` should have ``size(dest) == size(src)[perm]`` and is completely overwritten. No in-place permutation is supported and unexpected results will happen if `src` and `dest` have overlapping memory regions.
```
"""
permutedims!

doc"""
```rst
``functionloc(f::Function, types)``

Returns a tuple ``(filename,line)`` giving the location of a method definition.

``functionloc(m::Method)``

Returns a tuple ``(filename,line)`` giving the location of a method definition.
```
"""
functionloc

doc"""
```rst
``stride(A, k)``

Returns the distance in memory (in number of elements) between adjacent elements in dimension k
```
"""
stride

doc"""
```rst
``last(coll)``

Get the last element of an ordered collection, if it can be computed in O(1) time.
This is accomplished by calling :func:`endof` to get the last index.
Returns the end point of a :obj:`Range` even if it is empty.
```
"""
last

doc"""
```rst
``islink(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a symbolic link, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
islink

doc"""
```rst
``istril(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is lower triangular.
```
"""
istril

doc"""
```rst
``lgamma(x)``

Compute the logarithm of the absolute value of :func:`gamma` for
:obj:`Real` ``x``, while for :obj:`Complex` ``x`` it computes the
logarithm of ``gamma(x)``.
```
"""
lgamma

doc"""
```rst
``bin(n, [pad])``

Convert an integer to a binary string, optionally specifying a number of digits to pad to.
```
"""
bin

doc"""
```rst
``cis(z)``

Return :math:`\exp(iz)`.
```
"""
cis

doc"""
```rst
``isapprox(x::Number, y::Number; rtol::Real=cbrt(maxeps), atol::Real=sqrt(maxeps))``

Inexact equality comparison - behaves slightly different depending on types of input args:

* For ``FloatingPoint`` numbers, ``isapprox`` returns ``true`` if ``abs(x-y) <= atol + rtol*max(abs(x), abs(y))``.

* For ``Integer`` and ``Rational`` numbers, ``isapprox`` returns ``true`` if ``abs(x-y) <= atol``. The `rtol` argument is ignored. If one of ``x`` and ``y`` is ``FloatingPoint``, the other is promoted, and the method above is called instead.

* For ``Complex`` numbers, the distance in the complex plane is compared, using the same criterion as above.

For default tolerance arguments, ``maxeps = max(eps(abs(x)), eps(abs(y)))``.
```
"""
isapprox

doc"""
```rst
``primes(n)``

Returns a collection of the prime numbers <= ``n``.
```
"""
primes

doc"""
```rst
``sinh(x)``

Compute hyperbolic sine of ``x``
```
"""
sinh

doc"""
```rst
``permutations(array)``

Generate all permutations of an indexable object.  Because the
number of permutations can be very large, this function returns an
iterator object. Use ``collect(permutations(array))`` to get an array
of all permutations.
```
"""
permutations

doc"""
```rst
``ceil([T,] x, [digits, [base]])``

``ceil(x)`` returns the nearest integral value of the same type as ``x``
that is greater than or equal to ``x``.

``ceil(T, x)`` converts the result to type ``T``, throwing an
``InexactError`` if the value is not representable.

``digits`` and ``base`` work as for :func:`round`.
```
"""
ceil

doc"""
```rst
``mapslices(f, A, dims)``

Transform the given dimensions of array ``A`` using function ``f``. ``f``
is called on each slice of ``A`` of the form ``A[...,:,...,:,...]``.
``dims`` is an integer vector specifying where the colons go in this
expression. The results are concatenated along the remaining dimensions.
For example, if ``dims`` is ``[1,2]`` and A is 4-dimensional, ``f`` is
called on ``A[:,:,i,j]`` for all ``i`` and ``j``.
```
"""
mapslices

doc"""
```rst
``spdiagm(B, d[, m, n])``

Construct a sparse diagonal matrix. ``B`` is a tuple of vectors containing the diagonals and ``d`` is a tuple containing the positions of the diagonals. In the case the input contains only one diagonaly, ``B`` can be a vector (instead of a tuple) and ``d`` can be the diagonal position (instead of a tuple), defaulting to 0 (diagonal). Optionally, ``m`` and ``n`` specify the size of the resulting sparse matrix.
```
"""
spdiagm

doc"""
```rst
``svdvals(A)``

Returns the singular values of ``A``.

``svdvals(A, B)``

Return only the singular values from the generalized singular value decomposition of ``A`` and ``B``.
```
"""
svdvals

doc"""
```rst
``issocket(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a socket, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
issocket

doc"""
```rst
``srand([rng], [seed])``

Reseed the random number generator. If a ``seed`` is provided, the RNG will give a reproducible sequence of numbers, otherwise Julia will get entropy from the system.
For ``MersenneTwister``, the ``seed`` may be a non-negative integer, a vector of ``UInt32`` integers or a filename, in which case the seed is read from a file.
``RandomDevice`` does not support seeding.
```
"""
srand

doc"""
```rst
``schur(A) -> Schur[:T], Schur[:Z], Schur[:values]``

See :func:`schurfact`

``schur(A,B) -> GeneralizedSchur[:S], GeneralizedSchur[:T], GeneralizedSchur[:Q], GeneralizedSchur[:Z]``

See :func:`schurfact`
```
"""
schur

doc"""
```rst
``isexecutable(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if the current user has permission to execute ``path``,
``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
isexecutable

doc"""
```rst
``acot(x)``

Compute the inverse cotangent of ``x``, where the output is in radians
```
"""
acot

doc"""
```rst
``middle(x)``

Compute the middle of a scalar value, which is equivalent to ``x`` itself,
but of the type of ``middle(x, x)`` for consistency.

``middle(x, y)``

Compute the middle of two reals ``x`` and ``y``, which is equivalent
in both value and type to computing their mean (``(x + y) / 2``).

``middle(range)``

Compute the middle of a range, which consists in computing the mean of its extrema.
Since a range is sorted, the mean is performed with the first and last element.

``middle(array)``

Compute the middle of an array, which consists in finding its extrema and
then computing their mean.
```
"""
middle

doc"""
```rst
``oftype(x, y)``

Convert ``y`` to the type of ``x`` (``convert(typeof(x), y)``).
```
"""
oftype

doc"""
```rst
``maxabs!(r, A)``

Compute the maximum absolute values over the singleton dimensions of ``r``,
and write values to ``r``.
```
"""
maxabs!

doc"""
```rst
``nullspace(M)``

Basis for nullspace of ``M``.
```
"""
nullspace

doc"""
```rst
``isfinite(f) -> Bool``

Test whether a number is finite
```
"""
isfinite

doc"""
```rst
``push!(collection, items...) -> collection``

Insert one or more ``items`` at the end of ``collection``.

.. doctest::

  julia> push!([1, 2, 3], 4, 5, 6)
  6-element Array{Int64,1}:
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6

Use :func:`append!` to add all the elements of another collection to
``collection``.
The result of the preceding example is equivalent to
``append!([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])``.
```
"""
push!

doc"""
```rst
``prevpow(a, x)``

The largest ``a^n`` not greater than ``x``, where ``n`` is a non-negative integer.
``a`` must be greater than 1, and ``x`` must not be less than 1.
```
"""
prevpow

doc"""
```rst
``indexin(a, b)``

Returns a vector containing the highest index in ``b``
for each value in ``a`` that is a member of ``b`` .
The output vector contains 0 wherever ``a`` is not a member of ``b``.
```
"""
indexin

doc"""
```rst
``permutedims(A, perm)``

Permute the dimensions of array ``A``. ``perm`` is a vector specifying a permutation of length ``ndims(A)``. This is a generalization of transpose for multi-dimensional arrays. Transpose is equivalent to ``permutedims(A, [2,1])``.
```
"""
permutedims

doc"""
```rst
``shuffle!([rng,] v)``

In-place version of :func:`shuffle`.
```
"""
shuffle!

doc"""
```rst
``fldmod(x, y)``

The floored quotient and modulus after division. Equivalent to ``(fld(x,y), mod(x,y))``.
```
"""
fldmod

doc"""
```rst
``promote(xs...)``

Convert all arguments to their common promotion type (if any), and return them all (as a tuple).
```
"""
promote

doc"""
```rst
``@schedule``

Wrap an expression in a Task and add it to the scheduler's queue.
```
"""
@schedule

doc"""
```rst
``bessely(nu, x)``

Bessel function of the second kind of order ``nu``, :math:`Y_\nu(x)`.
```
"""
bessely

doc"""
```rst
``gradient(F, [h])``

Compute differences along vector ``F``, using ``h`` as the spacing between points.
The default spacing is one.
```
"""
gradient

doc"""
```rst
``tan(x)``

Compute tangent of ``x``, where ``x`` is in radians
```
"""
tan

doc"""
```rst
``sprint(f::Function, args...)``

Call the given function with an I/O stream and the supplied extra arguments.
Everything written to this I/O stream is returned as a string.
```
"""
sprint

doc"""
```rst
``fd(stream)``

Returns the file descriptor backing the stream or file. Note that this function only applies to synchronous `File`'s and `IOStream`'s
not to any of the asynchronous streams.
```
"""
fd

doc"""
```rst
``require(file::AbstractString...)``

Load source files once, in the context of the ``Main`` module, on every active node, searching standard locations for files. ``require`` is considered a top-level operation, so it sets the current ``include`` path but does not use it to search for files (see help for ``include``). This function is typically used to load library code, and is implicitly called by ``using`` to load packages.

When searching for files, ``require`` first looks in the current working directory, then looks for package code under ``Pkg.dir()``, then tries paths in the global array ``LOAD_PATH``.
```
"""
require

doc"""
```rst
``$(x, y)``

Bitwise exclusive or
```
"""
$

doc"""
```rst
``expand(x)``

Takes the expression x and returns an equivalent expression in lowered form
```
"""
expand

doc"""
```rst
``peakflops(n; parallel=false)``

``peakflops`` computes the peak flop rate of the computer by using double precision :func:`Base.LinAlg.BLAS.gemm!`. By default, if no arguments are specified, it multiplies a matrix of size ``n x n``, where ``n = 2000``. If the underlying BLAS is using multiple threads, higher flop rates are realized. The number of BLAS threads can be set with ``blas_set_num_threads(n)``.

If the keyword argument ``parallel`` is set to ``true``, ``peakflops`` is run in parallel on all the worker processors. The flop rate of the entire parallel computer is returned. When running in parallel, only 1 BLAS thread is used. The argument ``n`` still refers to the size of the problem that is solved on each processor.
```
"""
peakflops

doc"""
```rst
``svd(A, [thin=true]) -> U, S, V``

Wrapper around ``svdfact`` extracting all parts the factorization to a tuple. Direct use of ``svdfact`` is therefore generally more efficient. Computes the SVD of A, returning ``U``, vector ``S``, and ``V`` such that ``A == U*diagm(S)*V'``. If ``thin`` is ``true``, an economy mode decomposition is returned. The default is to produce a thin decomposition.

``svd(A, B) -> U, V, Q, D1, D2, R0``

Wrapper around ``svdfact`` extracting all parts the factorization to a tuple. Direct use of ``svdfact`` is therefore generally more efficient. The function returns the generalized SVD of ``A`` and ``B``, returning ``U``, ``V``, ``Q``, ``D1``, ``D2``, and ``R0`` such that ``A = U*D1*R0*Q'`` and ``B = V*D2*R0*Q'``.
```
"""
svd

doc"""
```rst
``ones(type, dims)``

Create an array of all ones of specified type. The type defaults to Float64 if not specified.

``ones(A)``

Create an array of all ones with the same element type and shape as A.
```
"""
ones

doc"""
```rst
``ind2chr(string, i)``

Convert a byte index to a character index
```
"""
ind2chr

doc"""
```rst
``reshape(A, dims)``

Create an array with the same data as the given array, but with different dimensions. An implementation for a particular type of array may choose whether the data is copied or shared.
```
"""
reshape

doc"""
```rst
``randsubseq!(S, A, p)``

Like ``randsubseq``, but the results are stored in ``S`` (which is
resized as needed).
```
"""
randsubseq!

doc"""
```rst
``maximum(itr)``

Returns the largest element in a collection.

``maximum(A, dims)``

Compute the maximum value of an array over the given dimensions.
```
"""
maximum

doc"""
```rst
``redisplay(x)``
           redisplay(d::Display, x)
           redisplay(mime, x)
           redisplay(d::Display, mime, x)

By default, the ``redisplay`` functions simply call ``display``.  However,
some display backends may override ``redisplay`` to modify an existing
display of ``x`` (if any).   Using ``redisplay`` is also a hint to the
backend that ``x`` may be redisplayed several times, and the backend
may choose to defer the display until (for example) the next interactive
prompt.
```
"""
redisplay

doc"""
```rst
``A_mul_Bc(...)``

Matrix operator A B\ :sup:`H`
```
"""
A_mul_Bc

doc"""
```rst
``searchsorted(a, x, [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Returns the range of indices of ``a`` which compare as equal to ``x`` according to the
order specified by the ``by``, ``lt`` and ``rev`` keywords, assuming that ``a`` is
already sorted in that order. Returns an empty range located at the insertion point if
``a`` does not contain values equal to ``x``.
```
"""
searchsorted

doc"""
```rst
``/(x, y)``

Right division operator: multiplication of ``x`` by the inverse of ``y`` on the right.
Gives floating-point results for integer arguments.
```
"""
Base.(:(/))

doc"""
```rst
``ldltfact(A) -> LDLtFactorization``

Compute a factorization of a positive definite matrix ``A`` such that ``A=L*Diagonal(d)*L'`` where ``L`` is a unit lower triangular matrix and ``d`` is a vector with non-negative elements.

``ldltfact(A; shift=0, perm=Int[]) -> CHOLMOD.Factor``

Compute the LDLt factorization of a sparse symmetric or Hermitian
matrix ``A``. A fill-reducing permutation is used.  ``F =
ldltfact(A)`` is most frequently used to solve systems of equations
with ``F\b``, but also the methods ``diag``, ``det``, ``logdet``
are defined for ``F``. You can also extract individual factors from
``F``, using ``F[:L]``.  However, since pivoting is on by default,
the factorization is internally represented as ``A == P'*L*D*L'*P``
with a permutation matrix ``P``; using just ``L`` without
accounting for ``P`` will give incorrect answers.  To include the
effects of permutation, it's typically preferable to extact
"combined" factors like ``PtL = F[:PtL]`` (the equivalent of
``P'*L``) and ``LtP = F[:UP]`` (the equivalent of ``L'*P``).  The
complete list of supported factors is ``:L, :PtL, :D, :UP, :U, :LD,
:DU, :PtLD, :DUP``.

Setting optional ``shift`` keyword argument computes the factorization
of ``A+shift*I`` instead of ``A``.  If the ``perm`` argument is nonempty,
it should be a permutation of `1:size(A,1)` giving the ordering to use
(instead of CHOLMOD's default AMD ordering).

The function calls the C library CHOLMOD and many other functions
from the library are wrapped but not exported.
```
"""
ldltfact

doc"""
```rst
``connect([host],port) -> TcpSocket``

Connect to the host ``host`` on port ``port``

``connect(path) -> Pipe``

Connect to the Named Pipe/Domain Socket at ``path``

``connect(manager::FooManager, pid::Int, config::WorkerConfig) -> (instrm::AsyncStream, outstrm::AsyncStream)``

 Implemented by cluster managers using custom transports. It should establish a logical connection to worker with id ``pid``,
 specified by ``config`` and return a pair of ``AsyncStream`` objects. Messages from ``pid`` to current process will be read
 off ``instrm``, while messages to be sent to ``pid`` will be written to ``outstrm``. The custom transport implementation
 must ensure that messages are delivered and received completely and in order. ``Base.connect(manager::ClusterManager.....)``
 sets up TCP/IP socket connections in-between workers.
```
"""
connect

doc"""
```rst
``mean(v[, region])``

Compute the mean of whole array ``v``, or optionally along the dimensions in ``region``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
For applications requiring the handling of missing data, the ``DataArray``
package is recommended.
```
"""
mean

doc"""
```rst
``split(string, [chars]; limit=0, keep=true)``

Return an array of substrings by splitting the given string on occurrences of the given character delimiters, which may be specified in any of the formats allowed by ``search``'s second argument (i.e. a single character, collection of characters, string, or regular expression). If ``chars`` is omitted, it defaults to the set of all space characters, and ``keep`` is taken to be false. The two keyword arguments are optional: they are are a maximum size for the result and a flag determining whether empty fields should be kept in the result.
```
"""
split

doc"""
```rst
``dump(x)``

Show all user-visible structure of a value.
```
"""
dump

doc"""
```rst
``sumabs(itr)``

Sum absolute values of all elements in a collection. This is
equivalent to `sum(abs(itr))` but faster.

``sumabs(A, dims)``

Sum absolute values of elements of an array over the given
dimensions.
```
"""
sumabs

doc"""
```rst
``svdvals!(A)``

Returns the singular values of ``A``, while saving space by overwriting the input.
```
"""
svdvals!

doc"""
```rst
``collect(collection)``

Return an array of all items in a collection. For associative collections, returns (key, value) tuples.

``collect(element_type, collection)``

Return an array of type ``Array{element_type,1}`` of all items in a collection.
```
"""
collect

doc"""
```rst
``consume(task, values...)``

Receive the next value passed to ``produce`` by the specified task.
Additional arguments may be passed, to be returned from the last ``produce`` call
in the producer.
```
"""
consume

doc"""
```rst
``hankelh2x(nu, x)``

Scaled Bessel function of the third kind of order ``nu``, :math:`H^{(2)}_\nu(x) e^{x i}`.
```
"""
hankelh2x

doc"""
```rst
``ndigits(n, b)``

Compute the number of digits in number ``n`` written in base ``b``.
```
"""
ndigits

doc"""
```rst
``cummax(A, [dim])``

Cumulative maximum along a dimension.
The dimension defaults to 1.
```
"""
cummax

doc"""
```rst
``watch_file(cb=false, s; poll=false)``

Watch file or directory ``s`` and run callback ``cb`` when ``s`` is modified. The ``poll`` parameter specifies whether to use file system event monitoring or polling. The callback function ``cb`` should accept 3 arguments: ``(filename, events, status)`` where ``filename`` is the name of file that was modified, ``events`` is an object with boolean fields ``changed`` and ``renamed`` when using file system event monitoring, or ``readable`` and ``writable`` when using polling, and ``status`` is always 0. Pass ``false`` for ``cb`` to not use a callback function.
```
"""
watch_file

doc"""
```rst
``At_rdiv_Bt(a,b)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`T` / B\ :sup:`T`
```
"""
At_rdiv_Bt

doc"""
```rst
``isinteractive() -> Bool``

Determine whether Julia is running an interactive session.
```
"""
isinteractive

doc"""
```rst
``At_mul_Bt(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`T` B\ :sup:`T`
```
"""
At_mul_Bt

doc"""
```rst
``sum!(r, A)``

Sum elements of ``A`` over the singleton dimensions of ``r``,
and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
sum!

doc"""
```rst
``close(stream)``

Close an I/O stream. Performs a ``flush`` first.
```
"""
close

doc"""
```rst
``cospi(x)``

Compute :math:`\cos(\pi x)` more accurately than ``cos(pi*x)``, especially for large ``x``.
```
"""
cospi

doc"""
```rst
``parentindexes(A)``

From an array view ``A``, returns the corresponding indexes in the parent
```
"""
parentindexes

doc"""
```rst
``spones(S)``

Create a sparse matrix with the same structure as that of ``S``, but with every nonzero element having the value ``1.0``.
```
"""
spones

doc"""
```rst
``display(x)``
           display(d::Display, x)
           display(mime, x)
           display(d::Display, mime, x)

Display ``x`` using the topmost applicable display in the display stack,
typically using the richest supported multimedia output for ``x``, with
plain-text ``STDOUT`` output as a fallback.  The ``display(d, x)`` variant
attempts to display ``x`` on the given display ``d`` only, throwing
a ``MethodError`` if ``d`` cannot display objects of this type.

There are also two variants with a ``mime`` argument (a MIME type
string, such as ``"image/png"``), which attempt to display ``x`` using the
requested MIME type *only*, throwing a ``MethodError`` if this type
is not supported by either the display(s) or by ``x``.   With these
variants, one can also supply the "raw" data in the requested MIME
type by passing ``x::AbstractString`` (for MIME types with text-based storage,
such as text/html or application/postscript) or ``x::Vector{UInt8}``
(for binary MIME types).
```
"""
display

doc"""
```rst
``@spawnat``

Accepts two arguments, ``p`` and an expression, and runs the expression
asynchronously on process ``p``, returning a ``RemoteRef`` to the result.
```
"""
@spawnat

doc"""
```rst
``print_shortest(io, x)``

Print the shortest possible representation, with the minimum number of consecutive non-zero digits, of number ``x``, ensuring that it would parse to the exact same number.
```
"""
print_shortest

doc"""
```rst
``merge(collection, others...)``

Construct a merged collection from the given collections. If necessary, the types of the resulting collection will be promoted to accommodate the types of the merged collections. If the same key is present in another collection, the value for that key will be the value it has in the last collection listed.

.. doctest::

  julia> a = Dict("foo" => 0.0, "bar" => 42.0)
  Dict{ASCIIString,Float64} with 2 entries:
    "bar" => 42.0
    "foo" => 0.0

  julia> b = Dict(utf8("baz") => 17, utf8("bar") => 4711)
  Dict{UTF8String,Int64} with 2 entries:
    "bar" => 4711
    "baz" => 17

  julia> merge(a, b)
  Dict{UTF8String,Float64} with 3 entries:
    "bar" => 4711.0
    "baz" => 17.0
    "foo" => 0.0

  julia> merge(b, a)
  Dict{UTF8String,Float64} with 3 entries:
    "bar" => 42.0
    "baz" => 17.0
    "foo" => 0.0
```
"""
merge

doc"""
```rst
``circshift(A,shifts)``

Circularly shift the data in an array. The second argument is a vector giving the amount to shift in each dimension.
```
"""
circshift

doc"""
```rst
``fieldnames(x::DataType)``

Get an array of the fields of a data type.
```
"""
fieldnames

doc"""
```rst
``yield()``

Switch to the scheduler to allow another scheduled task to run. A task that calls this function is still runnable, and will be restarted immediately if there are no other runnable tasks.
```
"""
yield

doc"""
```rst
``transpose!(dest,src)``

Transpose array ``src`` and store the result in the preallocated array ``dest``, which should have a size corresponding to ``(size(src,2),size(src,1))``. No in-place transposition is supported and unexpected results will happen if `src` and `dest` have overlapping memory regions.
```
"""
transpose!

doc"""
```rst
``isconst([m::Module], s::Symbol) -> Bool``

Determine whether a global is declared ``const`` in a given module.
The default module argument is ``current_module()``.
```
"""
isconst

doc"""
```rst
``open(command, mode::AbstractString="r", stdio=DevNull)``

Start running ``command`` asynchronously, and return a tuple
``(stream,process)``.  If ``mode`` is ``"r"``, then ``stream``
reads from the process's standard output and ``stdio`` optionally
specifies the process's standard input stream.  If ``mode`` is
``"w"``, then ``stream`` writes to the process's standard input
and ``stdio`` optionally specifies the process's standard output
stream.

``open(f::Function, command, mode::AbstractString="r", stdio=DevNull)``

Similar to ``open(command, mode, stdio)``, but calls ``f(stream)``
on the resulting read or write stream, then closes the stream
and waits for the process to complete.  Returns the value returned
by ``f``.

``open(file_name, [read, write, create, truncate, append]) -> IOStream``

Open a file in a mode specified by five boolean arguments. The default is to open files for reading only. Returns a stream for accessing the file.

``open(file_name, [mode]) -> IOStream``

Alternate syntax for open, where a string-based mode specifier is used instead of the five booleans. The values of ``mode`` correspond to those from ``fopen(3)`` or Perl ``open``, and are equivalent to setting the following boolean groups:

==== =================================
 r    read
 r+   read, write
 w    write, create, truncate
 w+   read, write, create, truncate
 a    write, create, append
 a+   read, write, create, append
==== =================================

``open(f::function, args...)``

Apply the function ``f`` to the result of ``open(args...)`` and close the resulting file descriptor upon completion.

**Example**: ``open(readall, "file.txt")``
```
"""
open

doc"""
```rst
``sort(v, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Variant of ``sort!`` that returns a sorted copy of ``v`` leaving ``v`` itself unmodified.

``sort(A, dim, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Sort a multidimensional array ``A`` along the given dimension.
```
"""
sort

doc"""
```rst
``kron(A, B)``

Kronecker tensor product of two vectors or two matrices.
```
"""
kron

doc"""
```rst
``>>(x, n)``

Right bit shift operator, preserving the sign of ``x``.
```
"""
Base.(:(>>))

doc"""
```rst
``fieldoffsets(type)``

The byte offset of each field of a type relative to the data start. For example, we could use it
in the following manner to summarize information about a struct type:

.. doctest::

   julia> structinfo(T) = [zip(fieldoffsets(T),fieldnames(T),T.types)...];

   julia> structinfo(StatStruct)
   12-element Array{Tuple{Int64,Symbol,DataType},1}:
    (0,:device,UInt64)
    (8,:inode,UInt64)
    (16,:mode,UInt64)
    (24,:nlink,Int64)
    (32,:uid,UInt64)
    (40,:gid,UInt64)
    (48,:rdev,UInt64)
    (56,:size,Int64)
    (64,:blksize,Int64)
    (72,:blocks,Int64)
    (80,:mtime,Float64)
    (88,:ctime,Float64)
```
"""
fieldoffsets

doc"""
```rst
``fft!(A [, dims])``

Same as :func:`fft`, but operates in-place on ``A``,
which must be an array of complex floating-point numbers.
```
"""
fft!

doc"""
```rst
``symdiff!(s, n)``

The set ``s`` is destructively modified to toggle the inclusion of integer ``n``.

``symdiff!(s, itr)``

For each element in ``itr``, destructively toggle its inclusion in set ``s``.

``symdiff!(s1, s2)``

Construct the symmetric difference of sets ``s1`` and ``s2``, storing the result in ``s1``.
```
"""
symdiff!

doc"""
```rst
``randn([rng], [dims...])``

Generate a normally-distributed random number with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. Optionally generate an array of normally-distributed random numbers.
```
"""
randn

doc"""
```rst
``process_exited(p::Process)``

Determine whether a process has exited.
```
"""
process_exited

doc"""
```rst
``tuple(xs...)``

Construct a tuple of the given objects.
```
"""
tuple

doc"""
```rst
``quantile(v, p)``

Compute the quantiles of a vector ``v`` at a specified set of probability values ``p``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.

``quantile(v, p)``

Compute the quantile of a vector ``v`` at the probability ``p``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
quantile

doc"""
```rst
``besseli(nu, x)``

Modified Bessel function of the first kind of order ``nu``, :math:`I_\nu(x)`.
```
"""
besseli

doc"""
```rst
``ifftshift(x, [dim])``

Undoes the effect of ``fftshift``.
```
"""
ifftshift

doc"""
```rst
``eachmatch(r::Regex, s::AbstractString[, overlap::Bool=false])``

Search for all matches of a the regular expression ``r`` in ``s`` and return a iterator over the matches. If overlap is true, the matching sequences are allowed to overlap indices in the original string, otherwise they must be from distinct character ranges.
```
"""
eachmatch

doc"""
```rst
``log10(x)``

Compute the logarithm of ``x`` to base 10. Throws ``DomainError`` for negative ``Real`` arguments.
```
"""
log10

doc"""
```rst
``@profile``

``@profile <expression>`` runs your expression while taking
periodic backtraces.  These are appended to an internal buffer of
backtraces.
```
"""
@profile

doc"""
```rst
``extrema(itr)``

 Compute both the minimum and maximum element in a single pass, and
 return them as a 2-tuple.
```
"""
extrema

doc"""
```rst
``isdigit(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is a numeric digit (0-9), or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.
```
"""
isdigit

doc"""
```rst
``@windows``

Given ``@windows? a : b``, do ``a`` on Windows and ``b`` elsewhere. See documentation for Handling Platform Variations
in the Calling C and Fortran Code section of the manual.
```
"""
@windows

doc"""
```rst
``@unix``

Given ``@unix? a : b``, do ``a`` on Unix systems (including Linux and OS X) and ``b`` elsewhere. See documentation
for Handling Platform Variations in the Calling C and Fortran Code section of the manual.
```
"""
@unix

doc"""
```rst
``reload(file::AbstractString)``

Like ``require``, except forces loading of files regardless of whether they have been loaded before. Typically used when interactively developing libraries.
```
"""
reload

doc"""
```rst
``num2hex(f)``

Get a hexadecimal string of the binary representation of a floating point number
```
"""
num2hex

doc"""
```rst
``speye(type,m[,n])``

Create a sparse identity matrix of specified type of size ``m x m``. In case ``n`` is supplied, create a sparse identity matrix of size ``m x n``.
```
"""
speye

doc"""
```rst
``count_ones(x::Integer) -> Integer``

Number of ones in the binary representation of ``x``.

.. doctest::

   julia> count_ones(7)
   3
```
"""
count_ones

doc"""
```rst
``reim(z)``

Return both the real and imaginary parts of the complex number ``z``
```
"""
reim

doc"""
```rst
``displayable(mime) -> Bool``
           displayable(d::Display, mime) -> Bool

Returns a boolean value indicating whether the given ``mime`` type (string)
is displayable by any of the displays in the current display stack, or
specifically by the display ``d`` in the second variant.
```
"""
displayable

doc"""
```rst
``sdata(S::SharedArray)``

Returns the actual ``Array`` object backing ``S``
```
"""
sdata

doc"""
```rst
``truncate(file,n)``

Resize the file or buffer given by the first argument to exactly `n` bytes, filling previously unallocated space with '\\0'
if the file or buffer is grown
```
"""
truncate

doc"""
```rst
``stat(file)``

Returns a structure whose fields contain information about the file. The fields of the structure are:

========= ======================================================================
 size      The size (in bytes) of the file
 device    ID of the device that contains the file
 inode     The inode number of the file
 mode      The protection mode of the file
 nlink     The number of hard links to the file
 uid       The user id of the owner of the file
 gid       The group id of the file owner
 rdev      If this file refers to a device, the ID of the device it refers to
 blksize   The file-system preferred block size for the file
 blocks    The number of such blocks allocated
 mtime     Unix timestamp of when the file was last modified
 ctime     Unix timestamp of when the file was created
========= ======================================================================
```
"""
stat

doc"""
```rst
``exp10(x)``

Compute :math:`10^x`
```
"""
exp10

doc"""
```rst
``&(x, y)``

Bitwise and
```
"""
&

doc"""
```rst
``besselyx(nu, x)``

Scaled Bessel function of the second kind of order ``nu``, :math:`Y_\nu(x) e^{- | \operatorname{Im}(x) |}`.
```
"""
besselyx

doc"""
```rst
``eigmax(A)``

Returns the largest eigenvalue of ``A``.
```
"""
eigmax

doc"""
```rst
``PipeBuffer()``

An IOBuffer that allows reading and performs writes by appending. Seeking and truncating are not supported. See IOBuffer for the available constructors.

``PipeBuffer(data::Vector{UInt8},[maxsize])``

Create a PipeBuffer to operate on a data vector, optionally specifying a size beyond which the underlying Array may not be grown.
```
"""
PipeBuffer

doc"""
```rst
``eigs(A, [B,]; nev=6, which="LM", tol=0.0, maxiter=300, sigma=nothing, ritzvec=true, v0=zeros((0,))) -> (d,[v,],nconv,niter,nmult,resid)``

Computes eigenvalues ``d`` of ``A`` using Lanczos or Arnoldi iterations for
real symmetric or general nonsymmetric matrices respectively. If ``B`` is
provided, the generalized eigenproblem is solved.

The following keyword arguments are supported:
 * ``nev``: Number of eigenvalues
 * ``ncv``: Number of Krylov vectors used in the computation; should satisfy
    ``nev+1 <= ncv <= n`` for real symmetric problems and ``nev+2 <= ncv <= n``
    for other problems, where ``n`` is the size of the input matrix ``A``.
    The default is ``ncv = max(20,2*nev+1)``.
    Note that these restrictions limit the input matrix ``A`` to be of
    dimension at least 2.
 * ``which``: type of eigenvalues to compute. See the note below.

   ========= ======================================================================================================================
   ``which`` type of eigenvalues
   --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ``:LM``   eigenvalues of largest magnitude (default)
   ``:SM``   eigenvalues of smallest magnitude
   ``:LR``   eigenvalues of largest real part
   ``:SR``   eigenvalues of smallest real part
   ``:LI``   eigenvalues of largest imaginary part (nonsymmetric or complex ``A`` only)
   ``:SI``   eigenvalues of smallest imaginary part (nonsymmetric or complex ``A`` only)
   ``:BE``   compute half of the eigenvalues from each end of the spectrum, biased in favor of the high end. (real symmetric ``A`` only)
   ========= ======================================================================================================================

 * ``tol``: tolerance (:math:`tol \le 0.0` defaults to ``DLAMCH('EPS')``)
 * ``maxiter``: Maximum number of iterations (default = 300)
 * ``sigma``: Specifies the level shift used in inverse iteration. If ``nothing`` (default), defaults to ordinary (forward) iterations. Otherwise, find eigenvalues close to ``sigma`` using shift and invert iterations.
 * ``ritzvec``: Returns the Ritz vectors ``v`` (eigenvectors) if ``true``
 * ``v0``: starting vector from which to start the iterations

``eigs`` returns the ``nev`` requested eigenvalues in ``d``, the corresponding Ritz vectors ``v`` (only if ``ritzvec=true``), the number of converged eigenvalues ``nconv``, the number of iterations ``niter`` and the number of matrix vector multiplications ``nmult``, as well as the final residual vector ``resid``.

.. note:: The ``sigma`` and ``which`` keywords interact: the description of eigenvalues searched for by ``which`` do _not_ necessarily refer to the eigenvalues of ``A``, but rather the linear operator constructed by the specification of the iteration mode implied by ``sigma``.

   =============== ================================== ==================================
   ``sigma``       iteration mode                     ``which`` refers to eigenvalues of
   --------------- ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
   ``nothing``     ordinary (forward)                 :math:`A`
   real or complex inverse with level shift ``sigma`` :math:`(A - \sigma I )^{-1}`
   =============== ================================== ==================================
```
"""
eigs

doc"""
```rst
``sortperm(v, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Return a permutation vector of indices of ``v`` that puts it in sorted order.
Specify ``alg`` to choose a particular sorting algorithm (see `Sorting Algorithms`_).
``MergeSort`` is used by default, and since it is stable, the resulting permutation
will be the lexicographically first one that puts the input array into sorted order –
i.e. indices of equal elements appear in ascending order. If you choose a non-stable
sorting algorithm such as ``QuickSort``, a different permutation that puts the array
into order may be returned. The order is specified using the same keywords as ``sort!``.

See also :func:`sortperm!`
```
"""
sortperm

doc"""
```rst
``mod2pi(x)``

Modulus after division by 2pi, returning in the range [0,2pi).

This function computes a floating point representation of the modulus after
division by numerically exact 2pi, and is therefore not exactly the same as
mod(x,2pi), which would compute the modulus of x relative to division by the
floating-point number 2pi.
```
"""
mod2pi

doc"""
```rst
``cumsum!(B, A, [dim])``

Cumulative sum of ``A`` along a dimension, storing the result in ``B``.
The dimension defaults to 1.
```
"""
cumsum!

doc"""
```rst
``logdet(M)``

Log of matrix determinant. Equivalent to ``log(det(M))``, but may provide increased accuracy and/or speed.
```
"""
logdet

doc"""
```rst
``hcat(A...)``

Concatenate along dimension 2
```
"""
hcat

doc"""
```rst
``select(v, k, [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Variant of ``select!`` which copies ``v`` before partially sorting it, thereby
returning the same thing as ``select!`` but leaving ``v`` unmodified.
```
"""
select

doc"""
```rst
``lpad(string, n, p)``

Make a string at least ``n`` columns wide when printed, by padding on the left with copies of ``p``.
```
"""
lpad

doc"""
```rst
``mapreduce(f, op, v0, itr)``

Apply function ``f`` to each element in ``itr``, and then reduce
the result using the binary function ``op``. ``v0`` must be a
neutral element for ``op`` that will be returned for empty
collections. It is unspecified whether ``v0`` is used for non-empty
collections.

:func:`mapreduce` is functionally equivalent to calling ``reduce(op,
v0, map(f, itr))``, but will in general execute faster since no
intermediate collection needs to be created. See documentation for
:func:`reduce` and :func:`map`.

.. doctest::

   julia> mapreduce(x->x^2, +, [1:3;]) # == 1 + 4 + 9
   14

The associativity of the reduction is implementation-dependent.
Additionally, some implementations may reuse the return value of
``f`` for elements that appear multiple times in ``itr``.
Use :func:`mapfoldl` or :func:`mapfoldr` instead for guaranteed
left or right associativity and invocation of ``f`` for every value.

``mapreduce(f, op, itr)``

Like ``mapreduce(f, op, v0, itr)``. In general, this cannot be used
with empty collections (see ``reduce(op, itr)``).
```
"""
mapreduce

doc"""
```rst
``quantile!(v, p)``

Like ``quantile``, but overwrites the input vector.
```
"""
quantile!

doc"""
```rst
``accept(server[,client])``

Accepts a connection on the given server and returns a connection to the client. An uninitialized client
stream may be provided, in which case it will be used instead of creating a new stream.
```
"""
accept

doc"""
```rst
``ordschur(Q, T, select) -> Schur``

Reorders the Schur factorization of a real matrix ``A=Q*T*Q'`` according to the logical array ``select`` returning a Schur object ``F``. The selected eigenvalues appear in the leading diagonal of ``F[:Schur]`` and the the corresponding leading columns of ``F[:vectors]`` form an orthonormal basis of the corresponding right invariant subspace. A complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues must be either both included or excluded via ``select``.

``ordschur(S, select) -> Schur``

Reorders the Schur factorization ``S`` of type ``Schur``.

``ordschur(S, T, Q, Z, select) -> GeneralizedSchur``

Reorders the Generalized Schur factorization of a matrix ``(A, B) = (Q*S*Z^{H}, Q*T*Z^{H})`` according to the logical array ``select`` and returns a GeneralizedSchur object ``GS``.  The selected eigenvalues appear in the leading diagonal of both``(GS[:S], GS[:T])`` and the left and right unitary/orthogonal Schur vectors are also reordered such that ``(A, B) = GS[:Q]*(GS[:S], GS[:T])*GS[:Z]^{H}`` still holds and the generalized eigenvalues of ``A`` and ``B`` can still be obtained with ``GS[:alpha]./GS[:beta]``.

``ordschur(GS, select) -> GeneralizedSchur``

Reorders the Generalized Schur factorization of a Generalized Schur object.  See :func:`ordschur`.
```
"""
ordschur

doc"""
```rst
``triu!(M)``

Upper triangle of a matrix, overwriting ``M`` in the process.

``triu!(M, k)``

Returns the upper triangle of ``M`` starting from the ``k``\ th superdiagonal, overwriting ``M`` in the process.
```
"""
triu!

doc"""
```rst
``readall(stream::IO)``

Read the entire contents of an I/O stream as a string.

``readall(filename::AbstractString)``

Open ``filename``, read the entire contents as a string, then close the file.
Equivalent to ``open(readall, filename)``.
```
"""
readall

doc"""
```rst
``poll_file(s, interval_seconds::Real, seconds::Real)``

Monitor a file for changes by polling every `interval_seconds` seconds for `seconds` seconds. A return value of true indicates
the file changed, a return value of false indicates a timeout.
```
"""
poll_file

doc"""
```rst
``eachline(stream)``

Create an iterable object that will yield each line from a stream.
```
"""
eachline

doc"""
```rst
``isposdef!(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is positive definite, overwriting ``A`` in the processes.
```
"""
isposdef!

doc"""
```rst
``complex(r, [i])``

Convert real numbers or arrays to complex. ``i`` defaults to zero.
```
"""
complex

doc"""
```rst
``setopt(sock::UDPSocket; multicast_loop = nothing, multicast_ttl=nothing, enable_broadcast=nothing, ttl=nothing)``

Set UDP socket options. ``multicast_loop``: loopback for multicast packets (default: true). ``multicast_ttl``: TTL for multicast packets. ``enable_broadcast``: flag must be set to true if socket will be used for broadcast messages, or else the UDP system will return an access error (default: false). ``ttl``: Time-to-live of packets sent on the socket.
```
"""
setopt

doc"""
```rst
``A_rdiv_Bc(...)``

Matrix operator A / B\ :sup:`H`
```
"""
A_rdiv_Bc

doc"""
```rst
``sparse(I,J,V,[m,n,combine])``

Create a sparse matrix ``S`` of dimensions ``m x n`` such that ``S[I[k], J[k]] = V[k]``. The ``combine`` function is used to combine duplicates. If ``m`` and ``n`` are not specified, they are set to ``max(I)`` and ``max(J)`` respectively. If the ``combine`` function is not supplied, duplicates are added by default.

``sparse(A)``

Convert an AbstractMatrix ``A`` into a sparse matrix.
```
"""
sparse

doc"""
```rst
``round([T,] x, [digits, [base]], [r::RoundingMode])``

``round(x)`` rounds ``x`` to an integer value according to the default
rounding mode (see :func:`get_rounding`), returning a value of the same type as
``x``. By default (:obj:`RoundNearest`), this will round to the nearest
integer, with ties (fractional values of 0.5) being rounded to the even
integer.

.. doctest::

   julia> round(1.7)
   2.0

   julia> round(1.5)
   2.0

   julia> round(2.5)
   2.0

The optional :obj:`RoundingMode` argument will change how the number gets rounded.

``round(T, x, [r::RoundingMode])`` converts the result to type ``T``, throwing an
:exc:`InexactError` if the value is not representable.

``round(x, digits)`` rounds to the specified number of digits after the
decimal place (or before if negative). ``round(x, digits, base)`` rounds
using a base other than 10.

   .. doctest::

``round(z, RoundingModeReal, RoundingModeImaginary)``

Returns the nearest integral value of the same type as the complex-valued
``z`` to ``z``, breaking ties using the specified :obj:`RoundingMode`\ s.
The first :obj:`RoundingMode` is used for rounding the real components while
the second is used for rounding the imaginary components.
```
"""
round

doc"""
```rst
``strwidth(s)``

Gives the number of columns needed to print a string.
```
"""
strwidth

doc"""
```rst
``function_module(f::Function, types) -> Module``

Determine the module containing a given definition of a generic function.
```
"""
function_module

doc"""
```rst
``hex(n, [pad])``

Convert an integer to a hexadecimal string, optionally specifying a number of digits to pad to.
```
"""
hex

doc"""
```rst
``workspace()``

Replace the top-level module (``Main``) with a new one, providing a clean workspace.
The previous ``Main`` module is made available as ``LastMain``. A previously-loaded
package can be accessed using a statement such as ``using LastMain.Package``.

This function should only be used interactively.
```
"""
workspace

doc"""
```rst
``tempdir()``

Obtain the path of a temporary directory (possibly shared with other processes).
```
"""
tempdir

doc"""
```rst
``reduce(op, v0, itr)``

Reduce the given collection ``ìtr`` with the given binary operator
``op``. ``v0`` must be a neutral element for ``op`` that will be
returned for empty collections. It is unspecified whether ``v0`` is
used for non-empty collections.

Reductions for certain commonly-used operators have special
implementations which should be used instead: ``maximum(itr)``,
``minimum(itr)``, ``sum(itr)``, ``prod(itr)``, ``any(itr)``,
``all(itr)``.

The associativity of the reduction is implementation dependent.
This means that you can't use non-associative operations like ``-``
because it is undefined whether ``reduce(-,[1,2,3])`` should be
evaluated as ``(1-2)-3`` or ``1-(2-3)``. Use ``foldl`` or ``foldr``
instead for guaranteed left or right associativity.

Some operations accumulate error, and parallelism will also be
easier if the reduction can be executed in groups. Future versions
of Julia might change the algorithm. Note that the elements are not
reordered if you use an ordered collection.

``reduce(op, itr)``

Like ``reduce(op, v0, itr)``. This cannot be used with empty
collections, except for some special cases (e.g. when ``op`` is one
of ``+``, ``*``, ``max``, ``min``, ``&``, ``|``) when Julia can
determine the neutral element of ``op``.
```
"""
reduce

doc"""
```rst
``.>=(x, y)``
           .≥(x,y)

Element-wise greater-than-or-equals comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.>=))

doc"""
```rst
``stdm(v, m)``

Compute the sample standard deviation of a vector ``v`` with known mean ``m``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
stdm

doc"""
```rst
``mv(src::AbstractString,dst::AbstractString; remove_destination::Bool=false)``

Move the file, link, or directory from *src* to *dest*.
\"remove_destination=true\" will first remove an existing `dst`.
```
"""
mv

doc"""
```rst
``erfi(x)``

Compute the imaginary error function of ``x``,
defined by :math:`-i \operatorname{erf}(ix)`.
```
"""
erfi

doc"""
```rst
``floor([T,] x, [digits, [base]])``

``floor(x)`` returns the nearest integral value of the same type as ``x``
that is less than or equal to ``x``.

``floor(T, x)`` converts the result to type ``T``, throwing an
``InexactError`` if the value is not representable.

``digits`` and ``base`` work as for :func:`round`.
```
"""
floor

doc"""
```rst
``tril!(M)``

Lower triangle of a matrix, overwriting ``M`` in the process.

``tril!(M, k)``

Returns the lower triangle of ``M`` starting from the ``k``\ th subdiagonal, overwriting ``M`` in the process.
```
"""
tril!

doc"""
```rst
``divrem(x, y)``

The quotient and remainder from Euclidean division. Equivalent to ``(x÷y, x%y)``.
```
"""
divrem

doc"""
```rst
``ErrorException(msg)``

Generic error type. The error message, in the `.msg` field, may provide more specific details.
```
"""
ErrorException

doc"""
```rst
``reverse(v [, start=1 [, stop=length(v) ]] )``

Return a copy of ``v`` reversed from start to stop.
```
"""
reverse

doc"""
```rst
``reverse!(v [, start=1 [, stop=length(v) ]]) -> v``

In-place version of :func:`reverse`.
```
"""
reverse!

doc"""
```rst
``flipdim(A, d)``

Reverse ``A`` in dimension ``d``.
```
"""
flipdim

doc"""
```rst
``num(x)``

Numerator of the rational representation of ``x``
```
"""
num

doc"""
```rst
``eachindex(A...)``

Creates an iterable object for visiting each index of an AbstractArray ``A`` in an efficient manner. For array types that have opted into fast linear indexing (like ``Array``), this is simply the range ``1:length(A)``. For other array types, this returns a specialized Cartesian range to efficiently index into the array with indices specified for every dimension. For other iterables, including strings and dictionaries, this returns an iterator object supporting arbitrary index types (e.g. unevenly spaced or non-integer indices).

Example for a sparse 2-d array::

 julia> A = sprand(2, 3, 0.5)
 2x3 sparse matrix with 4 Float64 entries:
     [1, 1]  =  0.598888
     [1, 2]  =  0.0230247
     [1, 3]  =  0.486499
     [2, 3]  =  0.809041

 julia> for iter in eachindex(A)
            @show iter.I_1, iter.I_2
            @show A[iter]
        end
 (iter.I_1,iter.I_2) = (1,1)
 A[iter] = 0.5988881393454597
 (iter.I_1,iter.I_2) = (2,1)
 A[iter] = 0.0
 (iter.I_1,iter.I_2) = (1,2)
 A[iter] = 0.02302469881746183
 (iter.I_1,iter.I_2) = (2,2)
 A[iter] = 0.0
 (iter.I_1,iter.I_2) = (1,3)
 A[iter] = 0.4864987874354343
 (iter.I_1,iter.I_2) = (2,3)
 A[iter] = 0.8090413606455655
```
"""
eachindex

doc"""
```rst
``.<(x, y)``

Element-wise less-than comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.<))

doc"""
```rst
``UndefRefError()``

The item or field is not defined for the given object.
```
"""
UndefRefError

doc"""
```rst
``bessely1(x)``

Bessel function of the second kind of order 1, :math:`Y_1(x)`.
```
"""
bessely1

doc"""
```rst
``cumprod(A, [dim])``

Cumulative product along a dimension ``dim`` (defaults to 1).
See also :func:`cumprod!` to use a preallocated output array,
both for performance and to control the precision of the
output (e.g. to avoid overflow).
```
"""
cumprod

doc"""
```rst
``besseljx(nu, x)``

Scaled Bessel function of the first kind of order ``nu``, :math:`J_\nu(x) e^{- | \operatorname{Im}(x) |}`.
```
"""
besseljx

doc"""
```rst
``print(x)``

Write (to the default output stream) a canonical (un-decorated) text representation of a value if there is one, otherwise call ``show``.
The representation used by ``print`` includes minimal formatting and tries to avoid Julia-specific details.
```
"""
print

doc"""
```rst
``filt(b, a, x, [si])``

Apply filter described by vectors ``a`` and ``b`` to vector ``x``, with an
optional initial filter state vector ``si`` (defaults to zeros).
```
"""
filt

doc"""
```rst
``indexpids(S::SharedArray)``

Returns the index of the current worker into the ``pids`` vector, i.e., the list of workers mapping
the SharedArray
```
"""
indexpids

doc"""
```rst
``remotecall_wait(id, func, args...)``

Perform ``wait(remotecall(...))`` in one message.
```
"""
remotecall_wait

doc"""
```rst
``dct(A [, dims])``

Performs a multidimensional type-II discrete cosine transform (DCT)
of the array ``A``, using the unitary normalization of the DCT.
The optional ``dims`` argument specifies an iterable subset of
dimensions (e.g. an integer, range, tuple, or array) to transform
along.  Most efficient if the size of ``A`` along the transformed
dimensions is a product of small primes; see :func:`nextprod`.  See
also :func:`plan_dct` for even greater efficiency.
```
"""
dct

doc"""
```rst
``append!(collection, collection2) -> collection.``

Add the elements of ``collection2`` to the end of ``collection``.

.. doctest::

   julia> append!([1],[2,3])
   3-element Array{Int64,1}:
    1
    2
    3

.. doctest::

   julia> append!([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])
   6-element Array{Int64,1}:
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

Use :func:`push!` to add individual items to ``collection`` which are not
already themselves in another collection.
The result is of the preceding example is equivalent to
``push!([1, 2, 3], 4, 5, 6)``.
```
"""
append!

doc"""
```rst
``find(A)``

Return a vector of the linear indexes of the non-zeros in ``A``
(determined by ``A[i]!=0``).  A common use of this is to convert a
boolean array to an array of indexes of the ``true``
elements.

``find(f,A)``

Return a vector of the linear indexes of  ``A`` where ``f`` returns true.
```
"""
find

doc"""
```rst
``ctranspose(A)``

The conjugate transposition operator (``'``).
```
"""
ctranspose

doc"""
```rst
``skip(s, offset)``

Seek a stream relative to the current position.
```
"""
skip

doc"""
```rst
``bfft(A [, dims])``

Similar to :func:`ifft`, but computes an unnormalized inverse (backward)
transform, which must be divided by the product of the sizes of the
transformed dimensions in order to obtain the inverse. (This is slightly
more efficient than :func:`ifft` because it omits a scaling step, which in
some applications can be combined with other computational steps elsewhere.)

.. math::

   \operatorname{BDFT}(A)[k] = \operatorname{length}(A) \operatorname{IDFT}(A)[k]
```
"""
bfft

doc"""
```rst
``lu(A) -> L, U, p``

Compute the LU factorization of ``A``, such that ``A[p,:] = L*U``.
```
"""
lu

doc"""
```rst
``@task``

Wrap an expression in a Task without executing it, and return the Task. This
only creates a task, and does not run it.
```
"""
@task

doc"""
```rst
``fld(x, y)``

Largest integer less than or equal to ``x/y``.
```
"""
fld

doc"""
```rst
``indmax(itr) -> Integer``

Returns the index of the maximum element in a collection.
```
"""
indmax

doc"""
```rst
``writecsv(filename, A)``

Equivalent to ``writedlm`` with ``delim`` set to comma.
```
"""
writecsv

doc"""
```rst
``wstring(s)``

This is a synonym for either ``utf32(s)`` or ``utf16(s)``,
depending on whether ``Cwchar_t`` is 32 or 16 bits, respectively.
The synonym ``WString`` for ``UTF32String`` or ``UTF16String``
is also provided.
```
"""
wstring

doc"""
```rst
``withenv(f::Function, kv::Pair...)``

Execute ``f()`` in an environment that is temporarily modified (not replaced as in ``setenv``) by zero or more ``"var"=>val`` arguments ``kv``.  ``withenv`` is generally used via the ``withenv(kv...) do ... end`` syntax.  A value of ``nothing`` can be used to temporarily unset an environment variable (if it is set).  When ``withenv`` returns, the original environment has been restored.
```
"""
withenv

doc"""
```rst
``setdiff!(s, iterable)``

Remove each element of ``iterable`` from set ``s`` in-place.
```
"""
setdiff!

doc"""
```rst
``EOFError()``

No more data was available to read from a file or stream.
```
"""
EOFError

doc"""
```rst
``isascii(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character belongs to the ASCII character set, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.
```
"""
isascii

doc"""
```rst
``ucfirst(string)``

Returns ``string`` with the first character converted to uppercase.
```
"""
ucfirst

doc"""
```rst
``copysign(x, y)``

Return ``x`` such that it has the same sign as ``y``
```
"""
copysign

doc"""
```rst
``getaddrinfo(host)``

Gets the IP address of the ``host`` (may have to do a DNS lookup)
```
"""
getaddrinfo

doc"""
```rst
``@show``

Show an expression and result, returning the result
```
"""
@show

doc"""
```rst
``showcompact(x)``

Show a more compact representation of a value. This is used for printing
array elements. If a new type has a different compact representation, it
should overload ``showcompact(io, x)`` where the first argument is a stream.
```
"""
showcompact

doc"""
```rst
``isleaftype(T)``

Determine whether ``T`` is a concrete type that can have instances, meaning
its only subtypes are itself and ``None`` (but ``T`` itself is not
``None``).
```
"""
isleaftype

doc"""
```rst
``svdfact(A, [thin=true]) -> SVD``

Compute the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of ``A`` and return an ``SVD`` object. ``U``, ``S``, ``V`` and ``Vt`` can be obtained from the factorization ``F`` with ``F[:U]``, ``F[:S]``, ``F[:V]`` and ``F[:Vt]``, such that ``A = U*diagm(S)*Vt``. If ``thin`` is ``true``, an economy mode decomposition is returned. The algorithm produces ``Vt`` and hence ``Vt`` is more efficient to extract than ``V``. The default is to produce a thin decomposition.

``svdfact(A, B) -> GeneralizedSVD``

Compute the generalized SVD of ``A`` and ``B``, returning a ``GeneralizedSVD`` Factorization object ``F``, such that ``A = F[:U]*F[:D1]*F[:R0]*F[:Q]'`` and ``B = F[:V]*F[:D2]*F[:R0]*F[:Q]'``.
```
"""
svdfact

doc"""
```rst
``string(xs...)``

Create a string from any values using the ``print`` function.
```
"""
string

doc"""
```rst
``erfc(x)``

Compute the complementary error function of ``x``,
defined by :math:`1 - \operatorname{erf}(x)`.
```
"""
erfc

doc"""
```rst
``prevfloat(f) -> FloatingPoint``

Get the previous floating point number in lexicographic order
```
"""
prevfloat

doc"""
```rst
``rest(iter, state)``

An iterator that yields the same elements as ``iter``, but starting at the given ``state``.
```
"""
rest

doc"""
```rst
``getfield(value, name::Symbol)``

Extract a named field from a value of composite type. The syntax ``a.b`` calls
``getfield(a, :b)``, and the syntax ``a.(b)`` calls ``getfield(a, b)``.
```
"""
getfield

doc"""
```rst
``utf8(::Array{UInt8,1})``

Create a UTF-8 string from a byte array.

``utf8(::Ptr{UInt8}, [length])``

Create a UTF-8 string from the address of a C (0-terminated) string encoded in UTF-8. A copy is made; the ptr can be safely freed. If ``length`` is specified, the string does not have to be 0-terminated.

``utf8(s)``

Convert a string to a contiguous UTF-8 string (all characters must be valid UTF-8 characters).
```
"""
utf8

doc"""
```rst
``hvcat(rows::Tuple{Vararg{Int}}, values...)``

Horizontal and vertical concatenation in one call. This function is called for
block matrix syntax. The first argument specifies the number of arguments to
concatenate in each block row.
For example, ``[a b;c d e]`` calls ``hvcat((2,3),a,b,c,d,e)``.

If the first argument is a single integer ``n``, then all block rows are assumed to have ``n`` block columns.
```
"""
hvcat

doc"""
```rst
``besselj1(x)``

Bessel function of the first kind of order 1, :math:`J_1(x)`.
```
"""
besselj1

doc"""
```rst
``sinpi(x)``

Compute :math:`\sin(\pi x)` more accurately than ``sin(pi*x)``, especially for large ``x``.
```
"""
sinpi

doc"""
```rst
``select!(v, k, [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Partially sort the vector ``v`` in place, according to the order specified by ``by``,
``lt`` and ``rev`` so that the value at index ``k`` (or range of adjacent values if
``k`` is a range) occurs at the position where it would appear if the array were
fully sorted via a non-stable algorithm. If ``k`` is a single index, that value
is returned; if ``k`` is a range, an array of values at those indices is returned.
Note that ``select!`` does not fully sort the input array.
```
"""
select!

doc"""
```rst
``maximum!(r, A)``

Compute the maximum value of ``A`` over the singleton dimensions of ``r``,
and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
maximum!

doc"""
```rst
``prod(itr)``

Returns the product of all elements of a collection.

``prod(A, dims)``

Multiply elements of an array over the given dimensions.
```
"""
prod

doc"""
```rst
``Base.linearindexing(A)``

``linearindexing`` defines how an AbstractArray most efficiently accesses its elements.  If ``Base.linearindexing(A)`` returns ``Base.LinearFast()``, this means that linear indexing with only one index is an efficient operation.  If it instead returns ``Base.LinearSlow()`` (by default), this means that the array intrinsically accesses its elements with indices specified for every dimension.  Since converting a linear index to multiple indexing subscripts is typically very expensive, this provides a traits-based mechanism to enable efficient generic code for all array types.

An abstract array subtype ``MyArray`` that wishes to opt into fast linear indexing behaviors should define ``linearindexing`` in the type-domain::

    Base.linearindexing{T<:MyArray}(::Type{T}) = Base.LinearFast()
```
"""
Base.linearindexing

doc"""
```rst
``isqrt(n)``

Integer square root: the largest integer ``m`` such that ``m*m <= n``.
```
"""
isqrt

doc"""
```rst
``log1p(x)``

Accurate natural logarithm of ``1+x``.  Throws ``DomainError`` for ``Real`` arguments less than -1.

There is an experimental variant in the ``Base.Math.JuliaLibm`` module,
which is typically faster and more accurate.
```
"""
log1p

doc"""
```rst
``flipsign(x, y)``

Return ``x`` with its sign flipped if ``y`` is negative. For example ``abs(x) = flipsign(x,x)``.
```
"""
flipsign

doc"""
```rst
``lbeta(x, y)``

Natural logarithm of the absolute value of the beta function :math:`\log(|\operatorname{B}(x,y)|)`.
```
"""
lbeta

doc"""
```rst
``randstring([rng,] len=8)``

Create a random ASCII string of length ``len``, consisting of upper- and
lower-case letters and the digits 0-9. The optional ``rng`` argument
specifies a random number generator, see :ref:`Random Numbers <random-numbers>`.
```
"""
randstring

doc"""
```rst
``Float64(x [, mode::RoundingMode])``

Create a Float64 from ``x``. If ``x`` is not exactly representable then
``mode`` determines how ``x`` is rounded.

.. doctest::

   julia> Float64(pi, RoundDown)
   3.141592653589793

   julia> Float64(pi, RoundUp)
   3.1415926535897936

See ``get_rounding`` for available rounding modes.
```
"""
Float64

doc"""
```rst
``function_name(f::Function) -> Symbol``

Get the name of a generic function as a symbol, or ``:anonymous``.
```
"""
function_name

doc"""
```rst
``addprocs(n::Integer; exeflags=``) -> List of process identifiers``

Launches workers using the in-built ``LocalManager`` which only launches workers on the local host.
This can be used to take advantage of multiple cores. ``addprocs(4)`` will add 4 processes on the local machine.

``addprocs() -> List of process identifiers``

 Equivalent to ``addprocs(CPU_CORES)``

``addprocs(machines; tunnel=false, sshflags=``, max_parallel=10, exeflags=``) -> List of process identifiers``

Add processes on remote machines via SSH.
Requires julia to be installed in the same location on each node, or to be available via a shared file system.

``machines`` is a vector of machine specifications.  Worker are started for each specification.

A machine specification is either a string ``machine_spec`` or a tuple - ``(machine_spec, count)``

``machine_spec`` is a string of the form ``[user@]host[:port] [bind_addr[:port]]``. ``user`` defaults
to current user, ``port`` to the standard ssh port. If ``[bind_addr[:port]]`` is specified, other
workers will connect to this worker at the specified ``bind_addr`` and ``port``.

``count`` is the number of workers to be launched on the specified host. If specified as ``:auto``
it will launch as many workers as the number of cores on the specific host.


Keyword arguments:

``tunnel`` : if ``true`` then SSH tunneling will be used to connect to the worker from the master process.

``sshflags`` : specifies additional ssh options, e.g. :literal:`sshflags=\`-i /home/foo/bar.pem\`` .

``max_parallel`` : specifies the maximum number of workers connected to in parallel at a host. Defaults to 10.

``dir`` :  specifies the working directory on the workers. Defaults to the host's current directory (as found by `pwd()`)

``exename`` :  name of the julia executable. Defaults to "$JULIA_HOME/julia" or "$JULIA_HOME/julia-debug" as the case may be.

``exeflags`` :  additional flags passed to the worker processes.

Environment variables :

If the master process fails to establish a connection with a newly launched worker within 60.0 seconds,
the worker treats it a fatal situation and terminates. This timeout can be controlled via environment
variable ``JULIA_WORKER_TIMEOUT``. The value of ``JULIA_WORKER_TIMEOUT`` on the master process, specifies
the number of seconds a newly launched worker waits for connection establishment.

``addprocs(manager::ClusterManager; kwargs...) -> List of process identifiers``

Launches worker processes via the specified cluster manager.

For example Beowulf clusters are  supported via a custom cluster manager implemented
in  package ``ClusterManagers``.

The number of seconds a newly launched worker waits for connection establishment from the master can be
specified via variable ``JULIA_WORKER_TIMEOUT`` in the worker process's environment. Relevant only when
using TCP/IP as transport.
```
"""
addprocs

doc"""
```rst
``mkpath(path, [mode])``

Create all directories in the given ``path``, with permissions ``mode``.
``mode`` defaults to 0o777, modified by the current file creation mask.
```
"""
mkpath

doc"""
```rst
``lufact(A [,pivot=Val{true}]) -> F``

Compute the LU factorization of ``A``. The return type of ``F`` depends on the type of ``A``. In most cases, if ``A`` is a subtype ``S`` of AbstractMatrix with an element type ``T``` supporting ``+``, ``-``, ``*`` and ``/`` the return type is ``LU{T,S{T}}``. If pivoting is chosen (default) the element type should also support ``abs`` and ``<``. When ``A`` is sparse and have element of type ``Float32``, ``Float64``, ``Complex{Float32}``, or ``Complex{Float64}`` the return type is ``UmfpackLU``. Some examples are shown in the table below.

   ======================= ========================= ========================================
   Type of input ``A``     Type of output ``F``      Relationship between ``F`` and ``A``
   ----------------------- ------------------------- ----------------------------------------
   :func:`Matrix`           ``LU``                   ``F[:L]*F[:U] == A[F[:p], :]``
   :func:`Tridiagonal`      ``LU{T,Tridiagonal{T}}``  N/A
   :func:`SparseMatrixCSC`  ``UmfpackLU``            ``F[:L]*F[:U] == F[:Rs] .* A[F[:p], F[:q]]``
   ======================= ========================= ========================================

The individual components of the factorization ``F`` can be accessed by indexing:

   =========== ======================================= ====== ======================== =============
   Component   Description                             ``LU`` ``LU{T,Tridiagonal{T}}`` ``UmfpackLU``
   ----------- --------------------------------------- ------ ------------------------ -------------
   ``F[:L]``   ``L`` (lower triangular) part of ``LU``    ✓                                     ✓
   ``F[:U]``   ``U`` (upper triangular) part of ``LU``    ✓                                     ✓
   ``F[:p]``   (right) permutation ``Vector``             ✓                                     ✓
   ``F[:P]``   (right) permutation ``Matrix``             ✓
   ``F[:q]``   left permutation ``Vector``                                                      ✓
   ``F[:Rs]``  ``Vector`` of scaling factors                                                    ✓
   ``F[:(:)]`` ``(L,U,p,q,Rs)`` components                                                      ✓
   =========== ======================================= ====== ======================== =============

   ================== ====== ======================== =============
   Supported function ``LU`` ``LU{T,Tridiagonal{T}}`` ``UmfpackLU``
   ------------------ ------ ------------------------ -------------
        ``/``            ✓
        ``\``            ✓                       ✓             ✓
        ``cond``         ✓                                     ✓
        ``det``          ✓                       ✓             ✓
        ``logdet``       ✓                       ✓
        ``logabsdet``    ✓                       ✓
        ``size``         ✓                       ✓
   ================== ====== ======================== =============
```
"""
lufact

doc"""
```rst
``besselix(nu, x)``

Scaled modified Bessel function of the first kind of order ``nu``, :math:`I_\nu(x) e^{- | \operatorname{Re}(x) |}`.
```
"""
besselix

doc"""
```rst
``union(s1,s2...)``
           ∪(s1,s2)

Construct the union of two or more sets. Maintains order with arrays.
```
"""
union

doc"""
```rst
``lstat(file)``

Like stat, but for symbolic links gets the info for the link itself rather than the file it refers to. This function must be called on a file path rather than a file object or a file descriptor.
```
"""
lstat

doc"""
```rst
``mapfoldl(f, op, v0, itr)``

Like :func:`mapreduce`, but with guaranteed left associativity. ``v0``
will be used exactly once.

``mapfoldl(f, op, itr)``

Like ``mapfoldl(f, op, v0, itr)``, but using the first element of
``itr`` as ``v0``. In general, this cannot be used with empty
collections (see ``reduce(op, itr)``).
```
"""
mapfoldl

doc"""
```rst
``realmax(type)``

The highest finite value representable by the given floating-point type
```
"""
realmax

doc"""
```rst
``takebuf_string(b::IOBuffer)``

Obtain the contents of an ``IOBuffer`` as a string, without copying. Afterwards, the IOBuffer is reset to its initial state.
```
"""
takebuf_string

doc"""
```rst
``pipe(from, to, ...)``

Create a pipeline from a data source to a destination. The source and destination can
be commands, I/O streams, strings, or results of other ``pipe`` calls. At least one
argument must be a command. Strings refer to filenames.
When called with more than two arguments, they are chained together from left to right.
For example ``pipe(a,b,c)`` is equivalent to ``pipe(pipe(a,b),c)``. This provides a more
concise way to specify multi-stage pipelines.

**Examples**:
  * ``run(pipe(`ls`, `grep xyz`))``
  * ``run(pipe(`ls`, "out.txt"))``
  * ``run(pipe("out.txt", `grep xyz`))``

``pipe(command; stdin, stdout, stderr, append=false)``

Redirect I/O to or from the given ``command``. Keyword arguments specify which of
the command's streams should be redirected. ``append`` controls whether file output
appends to the file.
This is a more general version of the 2-argument ``pipe`` function.
``pipe(from, to)`` is equivalent to ``pipe(from, stdout=to)`` when ``from`` is a
command, and to ``pipe(to, stdin=from)`` when ``from`` is another kind of
data source.

**Examples**:
  * ``run(pipe(`dothings`, stdout="out.txt", stderr="errs.txt"))``
  * ``run(pipe(`update`, stdout="log.txt", append=true))``
```
"""
pipe

doc"""
```rst
``mmap_array(type, dims, stream, [offset])``

Create an ``Array`` whose values are linked to a file, using memory-mapping. This provides a convenient way of working with data too large to fit in the computer's memory.

The type determines how the bytes of the array are interpreted. Note that the file must be stored in binary format, and no format conversions are possible (this is a limitation of operating systems, not Julia).

``dims`` is a tuple specifying the size of the array.

The file is passed via the stream argument.  When you initialize the stream, use ``"r"`` for a "read-only" array, and ``"w+"`` to create a new array used to write values to disk.

Optionally, you can specify an offset (in bytes) if, for example, you want to skip over a header in the file. The default value for the offset is the current stream position.

For example, the following code::

   # Create a file for mmapping
   # (you could alternatively use mmap_array to do this step, too)
   A = rand(1:20, 5, 30)
   s = open("/tmp/mmap.bin", "w+")
   # We'll write the dimensions of the array as the first two Ints in the file
   write(s, size(A,1))
   write(s, size(A,2))
   # Now write the data
   write(s, A)
   close(s)

   # Test by reading it back in
   s = open("/tmp/mmap.bin")   # default is read-only
   m = read(s, Int)
   n = read(s, Int)
   A2 = mmap_array(Int, (m,n), s)

creates a ``m``-by-``n`` ``Matrix{Int}``, linked to the file associated with stream ``s``.

A more portable file would need to encode the word size---32 bit or 64 bit---and endianness information in the header. In practice, consider encoding binary data using standard formats like HDF5 (which can be used with memory-mapping).
```
"""
mmap_array

doc"""
```rst
``serialize(stream, value)``

Write an arbitrary value to a stream in an opaque format, such that it can
be read back by ``deserialize``. The read-back value will be as identical as
possible to the original. In general, this process will not work if the
reading and writing are done by different versions of Julia, or
an instance of Julia with a different system image.
```
"""
serialize

doc"""
```rst
``sum(itr)``

Returns the sum of all elements in a collection.

``sum(A, dims)``

Sum elements of an array over the given dimensions.

``sum(f, itr)``

Sum the results of calling function ``f`` on each element of ``itr``.
```
"""
sum

doc"""
```rst
``typemin(type)``

The lowest value representable by the given (real) numeric type.
```
"""
typemin

doc"""
```rst
``call(x, args...)``

If ``x`` is not a ``Function``, then ``x(args...)`` is equivalent to
``call(x, args...)``.  This means that function-like behavior can be
added to any type by defining new ``call`` methods.
```
"""
call

doc"""
```rst
``countfrom(start=1, step=1)``

An iterator that counts forever, starting at ``start`` and incrementing by ``step``.
```
"""
countfrom

doc"""
```rst
``eof(stream) -> Bool``

Tests whether an I/O stream is at end-of-file. If the stream is not yet
exhausted, this function will block to wait for more data if necessary, and
then return ``false``. Therefore it is always safe to read one byte after
seeing ``eof`` return ``false``. ``eof`` will return ``false`` as long
as buffered data is still available, even if the remote end of a
connection is closed.
```
"""
eof

doc"""
```rst
``mktempdir([parent=tempdir()])``

Create a temporary directory in the ``parent`` directory and return its path.
```
"""
mktempdir

doc"""
```rst
``tril(M)``

Lower triangle of a matrix.

``tril(M, k)``

Returns the lower triangle of ``M`` starting from the ``k``\ th subdiagonal.
```
"""
tril

doc"""
```rst
``@edit``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls the ``edit`` function on the resulting expression
```
"""
@edit

doc"""
```rst
``subtypes(T::DataType)``

Return a list of immediate subtypes of DataType T.  Note that all currently loaded subtypes are included, including those not visible in the current module.
```
"""
subtypes

doc"""
```rst
``digits(n, [base], [pad])``

Returns an array of the digits of ``n`` in the given base, optionally padded with
zeros to a specified size. More significant digits are at higher indexes, such
that ``n == sum([digits[k]*base^(k-1) for k=1:length(digits)])``.
```
"""
digits

doc"""
```rst
``bytes2hex(bin_arr::Array{UInt8, 1})``

Convert an array of bytes to its hexadecimal representation. All characters are in lower-case. Returns an ASCIIString.
```
"""
bytes2hex

doc"""
```rst
``unlock(l::ReentrantLock)``

Releases ownership of the lock by the current task. If the lock had been acquired before,
it just decrements an internal counter and returns immediately.
```
"""
unlock

doc"""
```rst
``BigFloat(x)``

Create an arbitrary precision floating point number. ``x`` may be
an ``Integer``, a ``Float64`` or a ``BigInt``. The
usual mathematical operators are defined for this type, and results
are promoted to a ``BigFloat``.

Note that because decimal literals are converted to floating point numbers
when parsed, ``BigFloat(2.1)`` may not yield what you expect. You may instead
prefer to initialize constants from strings via :func:`parse`, or using the
``big`` string literal.

.. doctest::
   julia> BigFloat(2.1)
   2.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625e+00 with 256 bits of precision

   julia> big"2.1"
   2.099999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999986e+00 with 256 bits of precision
```
"""
BigFloat

doc"""
```rst
``xcorr(u,v)``

Compute the cross-correlation of two vectors.
```
"""
xcorr

doc"""
```rst
``typeof(x)``

Get the concrete type of ``x``.
```
"""
typeof

doc"""
```rst
``drop(iter, n)``

An iterator that generates all but the first ``n`` elements of ``iter``.
```
"""
drop

doc"""
```rst
``acsc(x)``

Compute the inverse cosecant of ``x``, where the output is in radians
```
"""
acsc

doc"""
```rst
``log(x)``

Compute the natural logarithm of ``x``. Throws ``DomainError`` for negative
``Real`` arguments. Use complex negative arguments to obtain complex
results.

There is an experimental variant in the ``Base.Math.JuliaLibm`` module,
which is typically faster and more accurate.

``log(b,x)``

Compute the base ``b`` logarithm of ``x``. Throws ``DomainError`` for negative ``Real`` arguments.
```
"""
log

doc"""
```rst
``trunc([T,] x, [digits, [base]])``

``trunc(x)`` returns the nearest integral value of the same type as ``x`` whose absolute
value is less than or equal to ``x``.

``trunc(T, x)`` converts the result to type ``T``, throwing an
``InexactError`` if the value is not representable.

``digits`` and ``base`` work as for :func:`round`.
```
"""
trunc

doc"""
```rst
``@less``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls the ``less`` function on the resulting expression
```
"""
@less

doc"""
```rst
``broadcast_function(f)``

Returns a function ``broadcast_f`` such that ``broadcast_function(f)(As...) === broadcast(f, As...)``. Most useful in the form ``const broadcast_f = broadcast_function(f)``.
```
"""
broadcast_function

doc"""
```rst
``unsafe_convert(T,x)``

Convert "x" to a value of type "T"

In cases where ``convert`` would need to take a Julia object and turn it into a ``Ptr``,
this function should be used to define and perform that conversion.

Be careful to ensure that a julia reference to ``x`` exists as long as the result of this function will be used.
Accordingly, the argument ``x`` to this function should never be an expression,
only a variable name or field reference.
For example, ``x=a.b.c`` is acceptable, but ``x=[a,b,c]`` is not.

The ``unsafe`` prefix on this function indicates that using the result of this function
after the ``x`` argument to this function is no longer accessible to the program may cause
undefined behavior, including program corruption or segfaults, at any later time.
```
"""
unsafe_convert

doc"""
```rst
``warn(msg)``

Display a warning.
```
"""
warn

doc"""
```rst
``erfinv(x)``

Compute the inverse error function of a real ``x``,
defined by :math:`\operatorname{erf}(\operatorname{erfinv}(x)) = x`.
```
"""
erfinv

doc"""
```rst
``@async``

Schedule an expression to run on the local machine, also adding it to the
set of items that the nearest enclosing ``@sync`` waits for.
```
"""
@async

doc"""
```rst
``rotr90(A)``

Rotate matrix ``A`` right 90 degrees.

``rotr90(A, k)``

Rotate matrix ``A`` right 90 degrees an integer ``k`` number of times. If ``k``
is zero or a multiple of four, this is equivalent to a ``copy``.
```
"""
rotr90

doc"""
```rst
``readdir([dir]) -> Vector{ByteString}``

Returns the files and directories in the directory `dir` (or the current working directory if not given).
```
"""
readdir

doc"""
```rst
``seek(s, pos)``

Seek a stream to the given position.
```
"""
seek

doc"""
```rst
``acosd(x)``

Compute the inverse cosine of ``x``, where the output is in degrees
```
"""
acosd

doc"""
```rst
``triu(M)``

Upper triangle of a matrix.

``triu(M, k)``

Returns the upper triangle of ``M`` starting from the ``k``\ th superdiagonal.
```
"""
triu

doc"""
```rst
``instances(T::Type)``

Return a collection of all instances of the given type, if applicable.
Mostly used for enumerated types (see ``@enum``).
```
"""
instances

doc"""
```rst
``besselj0(x)``

Bessel function of the first kind of order 0, :math:`J_0(x)`.
```
"""
besselj0

doc"""
```rst
``erfcinv(x)``

Compute the inverse error complementary function of a real ``x``,
defined by :math:`\operatorname{erfc}(\operatorname{erfcinv}(x)) = x`.
```
"""
erfcinv

doc"""
```rst
``minabs(itr)``

Compute the minimum absolute value of a collection of values.

``minabs(A, dims)``

Compute the minimum absolute values over given dimensions.
```
"""
minabs

doc"""
```rst
``popdisplay()``
	      popdisplay(d::Display)

Pop the topmost backend off of the display-backend stack, or the
topmost copy of ``d`` in the second variant.
```
"""
popdisplay

doc"""
```rst
``readdlm(source, delim::Char, T::Type, eol::Char; header=false, skipstart=0, skipblanks=true, use_mmap, ignore_invalid_chars=false, quotes=true, dims, comments=true, comment_char='#')``

Read a matrix from the source where each line (separated by ``eol``) gives one row, with elements separated by the given delimeter. The source can be a text file, stream or byte array. Memory mapped files can be used by passing the byte array representation of the mapped segment as source.

If ``T`` is a numeric type, the result is an array of that type, with any non-numeric elements as ``NaN`` for floating-point types, or zero. Other useful values of ``T`` include ``ASCIIString``, ``AbstractString``, and ``Any``.

If ``header`` is ``true``, the first row of data will be read as header and the tuple ``(data_cells, header_cells)`` is returned instead of only ``data_cells``.

Specifying ``skipstart`` will ignore the corresponding number of initial lines from the input.

If ``skipblanks`` is ``true``, blank lines in the input will be ignored.

If ``use_mmap`` is ``true``, the file specified by ``source`` is memory mapped for potential speedups. Default is ``true`` except on Windows. On Windows, you may want to specify ``true`` if the file is large, and is only read once and not written to.

If ``ignore_invalid_chars`` is ``true``, bytes in ``source`` with invalid character encoding will be ignored. Otherwise an error is thrown indicating the offending character position.

If ``quotes`` is ``true``, column enclosed within double-quote (``) characters are allowed to contain new lines and column delimiters. Double-quote characters within a quoted field must be escaped with another double-quote.

Specifying ``dims`` as a tuple of the expected rows and columns (including header, if any) may speed up reading of large files.

If ``comments`` is ``true``, lines beginning with ``comment_char`` and text following ``comment_char`` in any line are ignored.

``readdlm(source, delim::Char, eol::Char; options...)``

If all data is numeric, the result will be a numeric array. If some elements cannot be parsed as numbers, a cell array of numbers and strings is returned.

``readdlm(source, delim::Char, T::Type; options...)``

The end of line delimiter is taken as ``\n``.

``readdlm(source, delim::Char; options...)``

The end of line delimiter is taken as ``\n``. If all data is numeric, the result will be a numeric array. If some elements cannot be parsed as numbers, a cell array of numbers and strings is returned.

``readdlm(source, T::Type; options...)``

The columns are assumed to be separated by one or more whitespaces. The end of line delimiter is taken as ``\n``.

``readdlm(source; options...)``

The columns are assumed to be separated by one or more whitespaces. The end of line delimiter is taken as ``\n``. If all data is numeric, the result will be a numeric array. If some elements cannot be parsed as numbers, a cell array of numbers and strings is returned.
```
"""
readdlm

doc"""
```rst
``filesize(path...)``

Equivalent to stat(file).size
```
"""
filesize

doc"""
```rst
``sinc(x)``

Compute :math:`\sin(\pi x) / (\pi x)` if :math:`x \neq 0`, and :math:`1` if :math:`x = 0`.
```
"""
sinc

doc"""
```rst
``utf16(s)``

Create a UTF-16 string from a byte array, array of ``UInt16``, or
any other string type.  (Data must be valid UTF-16.  Conversions of
byte arrays check for a byte-order marker in the first two bytes,
and do not include it in the resulting string.)

Note that the resulting ``UTF16String`` data is terminated by the NUL
codepoint (16-bit zero), which is not treated as a character in the
string (so that it is mostly invisible in Julia); this allows the
string to be passed directly to external functions requiring
NUL-terminated data.  This NUL is appended automatically by the
`utf16(s)` conversion function.  If you have a ``UInt16`` array
``A`` that is already NUL-terminated valid UTF-16 data, then you
can instead use `UTF16String(A)`` to construct the string without
making a copy of the data and treating the NUL as a terminator
rather than as part of the string.

``utf16(::Union{Ptr{UInt16},Ptr{Int16}} [, length])``

Create a string from the address of a NUL-terminated UTF-16 string. A copy is made; the pointer can be safely freed. If ``length`` is specified, the string does not have to be NUL-terminated.
```
"""
utf16

doc"""
```rst
``median(v)``

Compute the median of a vector ``v``. ``NaN`` is returned if the data
contains any ``NaN`` values. For applications requiring the handling of
missing data, the ``DataArrays`` package is recommended.
```
"""
median

doc"""
```rst
``cglobal((symbol, library) [, type=Void])``

Obtain a pointer to a global variable in a C-exported shared library, specified exactly as in ``ccall``.  Returns a ``Ptr{Type}``, defaulting to ``Ptr{Void}`` if no Type argument is supplied.  The values can be read or written by ``unsafe_load`` or ``unsafe_store!``, respectively.
```
"""
cglobal

doc"""
```rst
``one(x)``

Get the multiplicative identity element for the type of x (x can also specify the type itself). For matrices, returns an identity matrix of the appropriate size and type.
```
"""
one

doc"""
```rst
``parseip(addr)``

Parse a string specifying an IPv4 or IPv6 ip address.
```
"""
parseip

doc"""
```rst
``rationalize([Type=Int,] x; tol=eps(x))``

Approximate floating point number ``x`` as a Rational number with components of the given
integer type. The result will differ from ``x`` by no more than ``tol``.
```
"""
rationalize

doc"""
```rst
``splice!(collection, index, [replacement]) -> item``

Remove the item at the given index, and return the removed item. Subsequent items
are shifted down to fill the resulting gap. If specified, replacement values from
an ordered collection will be spliced in place of the removed item.

.. doctest::

  julia> A = [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]; splice!(A, 5)
  2

  julia> A
  5-element Array{Int64,1}:
   6
   5
   4
   3
   1

  julia> splice!(A, 5, -1)
  1

  julia> A
  5-element Array{Int64,1}:
    6
    5
    4
    3
   -1

  julia> splice!(A, 1, [-1, -2, -3])
  6

  julia> A
  7-element Array{Int64,1}:
   -1
   -2
   -3
    5
    4
    3
   -1

To insert ``replacement`` before an index ``n`` without removing any items, use
``splice!(collection, n:n-1, replacement)``.

``splice!(collection, range, [replacement]) -> items``

Remove items in the specified index range, and return a collection containing the
removed items. Subsequent items are shifted down to fill the resulting gap.
If specified, replacement values from an ordered collection will be spliced in place
of the removed items.

To insert ``replacement`` before an index ``n`` without removing any items, use
``splice!(collection, n:n-1, replacement)``.

.. doctest::

  julia> splice!(A, 4:3, 2)
  0-element Array{Int64,1}

  julia> A
  8-element Array{Int64,1}:
   -1
   -2
   -3
    2
    5
    4
    3
   -1
```
"""
splice!

doc"""
```rst
``endof(collection) -> Integer``

Returns the last index of the collection.

.. doctest::

	julia> endof([1,2,4])
	3
```
"""
endof

doc"""
```rst
``isfifo(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a FIFO, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
isfifo

doc"""
```rst
``next(iter, state) -> item, state``

For a given iterable object and iteration state, return the current item and the next iteration state
```
"""
next

doc"""
```rst
``irfft(A, d [, dims])``

Inverse of :func:`rfft`: for a complex array ``A``, gives the
corresponding real array whose FFT yields ``A`` in the first half.
As for :func:`rfft`, ``dims`` is an optional subset of dimensions
to transform, defaulting to ``1:ndims(A)``.

``d`` is the length of the transformed real array along the ``dims[1]``
dimension, which must satisfy ``d == floor(size(A,dims[1])/2)+1``.
(This parameter cannot be inferred from ``size(A)`` due to the
possibility of rounding by the ``floor`` function here.)
```
"""
irfft

doc"""
```rst
``nnz(A)``

Returns the number of stored (filled) elements in a sparse matrix.
```
"""
nnz

doc"""
```rst
``unshift!(collection, items...) -> collection``

Insert one or more ``items`` at the beginning of ``collection``.

.. doctest::

  julia> unshift!([1, 2, 3, 4], 5, 6)
  6-element Array{Int64,1}:
   5
   6
   1
   2
   3
   4
```
"""
unshift!

doc"""
```rst
``log2(x)``

Compute the logarithm of ``x`` to base 2. Throws ``DomainError`` for negative ``Real`` arguments.
```
"""
log2

doc"""
```rst
``SymTridiagonal(d, du)``

Construct a real symmetric tridiagonal matrix from the diagonal and upper diagonal, respectively. The result is of type ``SymTridiagonal`` and provides efficient specialized eigensolvers, but may be converted into a regular matrix with :func:`full`.
```
"""
SymTridiagonal

doc"""
```rst
``spzeros(m,n)``

Create a sparse matrix of size ``m x n``. This sparse matrix will not contain any nonzero values. No storage will be allocated for nonzero values during construction.
```
"""
spzeros

doc"""
```rst
``colon(start, [step], stop)``

Called by ``:`` syntax for constructing ranges.
```
"""
colon

doc"""
```rst
``Base64EncodePipe(ostream)``

Returns a new write-only I/O stream, which converts any bytes written
to it into base64-encoded ASCII bytes written to ``ostream``.  Calling
``close`` on the ``Base64Pipe`` stream is necessary to complete the
encoding (but does not close ``ostream``).
```
"""
Base64EncodePipe

doc"""
```rst
``issetgid(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` has the setgid flag set, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
issetgid

doc"""
```rst
``isnull(x)``

Is the ``Nullable`` object ``x`` null, i.e. missing a value?
```
"""
isnull

doc"""
```rst
``abs2(x)``

Squared absolute value of ``x``
```
"""
abs2

doc"""
```rst
``write(stream, x)``

Write the canonical binary representation of a value to the given stream.
```
"""
write

doc"""
```rst
``sizehint!(s, n)``

Suggest that collection ``s`` reserve capacity for at least ``n`` elements. This can improve performance.
```
"""
sizehint!

doc"""
```rst
``permute!(v, p)``

Permute vector ``v`` in-place, according to permutation ``p``.  No
checking is done to verify that ``p`` is a permutation.

To return a new permutation, use ``v[p]``.  Note that this is
generally faster than ``permute!(v,p)`` for large vectors.
```
"""
permute!

doc"""
```rst
``ifelse(condition::Bool, x, y)``

Return ``x`` if ``condition`` is true, otherwise return ``y``. This
differs from ``?`` or ``if`` in that it is an ordinary function, so
all the arguments are evaluated first. In some cases, using
``ifelse`` instead of an ``if`` statement can eliminate the branch
in generated code and provide higher performance in tight loops.
```
"""
ifelse

doc"""
```rst
``ispow2(n) -> Bool``

Test whether ``n`` is a power of two
```
"""
ispow2

doc"""
```rst
``vcat(A...)``

Concatenate along dimension 1
```
"""
vcat

doc"""
```rst
``isgraph(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is printable, and not a space, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.  Any character that would cause a printer
to use ink should be classified with isgraph(c)==true.
```
"""
isgraph

doc"""
```rst
``OutOfMemoryError()``

An operation allocated too much memory for either the system or the garbage collector to handle properly.
```
"""
OutOfMemoryError

doc"""
```rst
``zip(iters...)``

For a set of iterable objects, returns an iterable of tuples, where the ``i``\ th tuple contains the ``i``\ th component of each input iterable.

Note that :func:`zip` is its own inverse: ``collect(zip(zip(a...)...)) == collect(a)``.
```
"""
zip

doc"""
```rst
``SystemError(prefix::AbstractString, [errnum::Int32])``

A system call failed with an error code (in the ``errno`` global variable).
```
"""
SystemError

doc"""
```rst
``binomial(n,k)``

Number of ways to choose ``k`` out of ``n`` items
```
"""
binomial

doc"""
```rst
``rot180(A)``

Rotate matrix ``A`` 180 degrees.

``rot180(A, k)``

Rotate matrix ``A`` 180 degrees an integer ``k`` number of times.
If ``k`` is even, this is equivalent to a ``copy``.
```
"""
rot180

doc"""
```rst
``.<=(x, y)``
           .≤(x,y)

Element-wise less-than-or-equals comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.<=))

doc"""
```rst
``checkbounds(array, indexes...)``

Throw an error if the specified indexes are not in bounds for the given array.
```
"""
checkbounds

doc"""
```rst
``asec(x)``

Compute the inverse secant of ``x``, where the output is in radians
```
"""
asec

doc"""
```rst
``rank(M)``

Compute the rank of a matrix.
```
"""
rank

doc"""
```rst
``max(x, y, ...)``

Return the maximum of the arguments. Operates elementwise over arrays.
```
"""
max

doc"""
```rst
``versioninfo([verbose::Bool])``

Print information about the version of Julia in use. If the ``verbose`` argument
is true, detailed system information is shown as well.
```
"""
versioninfo

doc"""
```rst
``DimensionMismatch([msg])``

The objects called do not have matching dimensionality.
```
"""
DimensionMismatch

doc"""
```rst
``take!(RemoteRef)``

Fetch the value of a remote reference, removing it so that the reference is empty again.
```
"""
take!

doc"""
```rst
``ifft!(A [, dims])``

Same as :func:`ifft`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
ifft!

doc"""
```rst
``sort!(v, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Sort the vector ``v`` in place. ``QuickSort`` is used by default for numeric arrays
while ``MergeSort`` is used for other arrays. You can specify an algorithm to use via
the ``alg`` keyword (see `Sorting Algorithms`_ for available algorithms). The ``by``
keyword lets you provide a function that will be applied to each element before
comparison; the ``lt`` keyword allows providing a custom "less than" function; use
``rev=true`` to reverse the sorting order. These options are independent and can be
used together in all possible combinations: if both ``by`` and ``lt`` are specified,
the ``lt`` function is applied to the result of the ``by`` function; ``rev=true``
reverses whatever ordering specified via the ``by`` and ``lt`` keywords.
```
"""
sort!

doc"""
```rst
``kill(p::Process, signum=SIGTERM)``

Send a signal to a process. The default is to terminate the process.

``kill(manager::FooManager, pid::Int, config::WorkerConfig)``

 Implemented by cluster managers. It is called on the master process, by ``rmprocs``. It should cause the remote worker specified
 by ``pid`` to exit. ``Base.kill(manager::ClusterManager.....)`` executes a remote ``exit()`` on ``pid``
```
"""
kill

doc"""
```rst
``sylvester(A, B, C)``

Computes the solution ``X`` to the Sylvester equation ``AX + XB + C = 0``, where ``A``, ``B`` and ``C`` have compatible dimensions and ``A`` and ``-B`` have no eigenvalues with equal real part.
```
"""
sylvester

doc"""
```rst
``broadcast!(f, dest, As...)``

Like ``broadcast``, but store the result of ``broadcast(f, As...)`` in the ``dest`` array.
Note that ``dest`` is only used to store the result, and does not supply arguments to
``f`` unless it is also listed in the ``As``, as in ``broadcast!(f, A, A, B)`` to perform
``A[:] = broadcast(f, A, B)``.
```
"""
broadcast!

doc"""
```rst
``cross(x, y)``
           ×(x,y)

Compute the cross product of two 3-vectors.
```
"""
cross

doc"""
```rst
``strides(A)``

Returns a tuple of the memory strides in each dimension
```
"""
strides

doc"""
```rst
``keys(collection)``

Return an iterator over all keys in a collection. ``collect(keys(d))`` returns an array of keys.
```
"""
keys

doc"""
```rst
``repeat(A, inner = Int[], outer = Int[])``

Construct an array by repeating the entries of ``A``. The i-th element of ``inner`` specifies the number of times that the individual entries of the i-th dimension of ``A`` should be repeated. The i-th element of ``outer`` specifies the number of times that a slice along the i-th dimension of ``A`` should be repeated.
```
"""
repeat

doc"""
```rst
``scale(A, b)``

``scale(b, A)``

Scale an array ``A`` by a scalar ``b``, returning a new array.

If ``A`` is a matrix and ``b`` is a vector, then ``scale(A,b)``
scales each column ``i`` of ``A`` by ``b[i]`` (similar to
``A*diagm(b)``), while ``scale(b,A)`` scales each row ``i`` of
``A`` by ``b[i]`` (similar to ``diagm(b)*A``), returning a new array.

Note: for large ``A``, ``scale`` can be much faster than ``A .* b`` or
``b .* A``, due to the use of BLAS.
```
"""
scale

doc"""
```rst
``ReentrantLock()``

Creates a reentrant lock. The same task can acquire the lock as many times
as required. Each lock must be matched with an unlock.
```
"""
ReentrantLock

doc"""
```rst
``real(z)``

Return the real part of the complex number ``z``
```
"""
real

doc"""
```rst
``gperm(file)``

Like uperm but gets the permissions of the group owning the file
```
"""
gperm

doc"""
```rst
``idct(A [, dims])``

Computes the multidimensional inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT)
of the array ``A`` (technically, a type-III DCT with the unitary
normalization).
The optional ``dims`` argument specifies an iterable subset of
dimensions (e.g. an integer, range, tuple, or array) to transform
along.  Most efficient if the size of ``A`` along the transformed
dimensions is a product of small primes; see :func:`nextprod`.  See
also :func:`plan_idct` for even greater efficiency.
```
"""
idct

doc"""
```rst
``nb_available(stream)``

Returns the number of bytes available for reading before a read from this stream or buffer will block.
```
"""
nb_available

doc"""
```rst
``finalize(x)``

Immediately run finalizers registered for object ``x``.
```
"""
finalize

doc"""
```rst
``rand([rng], [S], [dims...])``

Pick a random element or array of random elements from the set of values specified by ``S``; ``S`` can be

* an indexable collection (for example ``1:n`` or ``['x','y','z']``), or

* a type: the set of values to pick from is then equivalent to ``typemin(S):typemax(S)`` for integers (this is not applicable to ``BigInt``), and to [0,1) for floating point numbers;

``S`` defaults to ``Float64``.
```
"""
rand

doc"""
```rst
``bitpack(A::AbstractArray{T,N}) -> BitArray``

Converts a numeric array to a packed boolean array
```
"""
bitpack

doc"""
```rst
``base(base, n, [pad])``

Convert an integer to a string in the given base, optionally specifying a number of digits to pad to. The base can be specified as either an integer, or as a ``UInt8`` array of character values to use as digit symbols.
```
"""
base

doc"""
```rst
``Timer(callback::Function, delay, repeat=0)``

Create a timer to call the given callback function.
The callback is passed one argument, the timer object itself.
The callback will be invoked after the specified initial delay,
and then repeating with the given ``repeat`` interval.
If ``repeat`` is ``0``, the timer is only triggered once.
Times are in seconds.
A timer is stopped and has its resources freed by calling ``close`` on it.

``Timer(delay, repeat=0)``

Create a timer that wakes up tasks waiting for it (by calling ``wait`` on
the timer object) at a specified interval.
```
"""
Timer

doc"""
```rst
``BoundsError([a],[i])``

An indexing operation into an array, ``a``, tried to access an out-of-bounds element, ``i``.
```
"""
BoundsError

doc"""
```rst
``disable_sigint(f::Function)``

Disable Ctrl-C handler during execution of a function, for calling
external code that is not interrupt safe. Intended to be called using ``do``
block syntax as follows::

 disable_sigint() do
     # interrupt-unsafe code
     ...
 end
```
"""
disable_sigint

doc"""
```rst
``svdfact!(A, [thin=true]) -> SVD``

``svdfact!`` is the same as :func:`svdfact`, but saves space by overwriting the input A, instead of creating a copy. If ``thin`` is ``true``, an economy mode decomposition is returned. The default is to produce a thin decomposition.
```
"""
svdfact!

doc"""
```rst
``cartesianmap(f, dims)``

Given a ``dims`` tuple of integers ``(m, n, ...)``, call ``f`` on all combinations of
integers in the ranges ``1:m``, ``1:n``, etc.

.. doctest::

   julia> cartesianmap(println, (2,2))
   11
   21
   12
   22
```
"""
cartesianmap

doc"""
```rst
``hist2d(M, e1, e2) -> (edge1, edge2, counts)``

Compute a "2d histogram" of a set of N points specified by N-by-2 matrix ``M``.
Arguments ``e1`` and ``e2`` are bins for each dimension, specified either as
integer bin counts or vectors of bin edges. The result is a tuple of
``edge1`` (the bin edges used in the first dimension), ``edge2`` (the bin edges
used in the second dimension), and ``counts``, a histogram matrix of size
``(length(edge1)-1, length(edge2)-1)``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
hist2d

doc"""
```rst
``which(f, types)``

Returns the method of ``f`` (a ``Method`` object) that would be called for arguments of the given types.

If ``types`` is an abstract type, then the method that would be called by ``invoke``
is returned.

``which(symbol)``

Return the module in which the binding for the variable referenced
by ``symbol`` was created.
```
"""
which

doc"""
```rst
``conv2(u,v,A)``

2-D convolution of the matrix ``A`` with the 2-D separable kernel generated by
the vectors ``u`` and ``v``.  Uses 2-D FFT algorithm

``conv2(B,A)``

2-D convolution of the matrix ``B`` with the matrix ``A``.  Uses 2-D FFT algorithm
```
"""
conv2

doc"""
```rst
``broadcast_getindex(A, inds...)``

Broadcasts the ``inds`` arrays to a common size like ``broadcast``, and returns an array of the results ``A[ks...]``, where ``ks`` goes over the positions in the broadcast.
```
"""
broadcast_getindex

doc"""
```rst
``findn(A)``

Return a vector of indexes for each dimension giving the locations of the non-zeros in ``A`` (determined by ``A[i]!=0``).
```
"""
findn

doc"""
```rst
``invoke(f, (types...), args...)``

Invoke a method for the given generic function matching the specified types (as a tuple), on the specified arguments. The arguments must be compatible with the specified types. This allows invoking a method other than the most specific matching method, which is useful when the behavior of a more general definition is explicitly needed (often as part of the implementation of a more specific method of the same function).
```
"""
invoke

doc"""
```rst
``parse(str, start; greedy=true, raise=true)``

Parse the expression string and return an expression (which could later be passed to eval for execution). Start is the index of the first character to start parsing. If ``greedy`` is true (default), ``parse`` will try to consume as much input as it can; otherwise, it will stop as soon as it has parsed a valid expression. Incomplete but otherwise syntactically valid expressions will return ``Expr(:incomplete, "(error message)")``. If ``raise`` is true (default), syntax errors other than incomplete expressions will raise an error. If ``raise`` is false, ``parse`` will return an expression that will raise an error upon evaluation.

``parse(str; raise=true)``

Parse the whole string greedily, returning a single expression.  An error is thrown if there are additional characters after the first expression. If ``raise`` is true (default), syntax errors will raise an error; otherwise, ``parse`` will return an expression that will raise an error upon evaluation.

``parse(type, str, [base])``

Parse a string as a number. If the type is an integer type, then a base can be specified (the default is 10). If the type is a floating point type, the string is parsed as a decimal floating point number.
If the string does not contain a valid number, an error is raised.
```
"""
parse

doc"""
```rst
``touch(path::AbstractString)``

Update the last-modified timestamp on a file to the current time.
```
"""
touch

doc"""
```rst
``bkfact!(A) -> BunchKaufman``

``bkfact!`` is the same as :func:`bkfact`, but saves space by overwriting the input ``A``, instead of creating a copy.
```
"""
bkfact!

doc"""
```rst
``^(x, y)``

Exponentiation operator.

``^(s, n)``

Repeat ``n`` times the string ``s``. The ``^`` operator is an alias to this function.

.. doctest::

	julia> "Test "^3
	"Test Test Test "
```
"""
Base.(:(^))

doc"""
```rst
``position(s)``

Get the current position of a stream.
```
"""
position

doc"""
```rst
``isabspath(path::AbstractString) -> Bool``

Determines whether a path is absolute (begins at the root directory).
```
"""
isabspath

doc"""
```rst
``hex2bytes(s::ASCIIString)``

Convert an arbitrarily long hexadecimal string to its binary representation. Returns an Array{UInt8, 1}, i.e. an array of bytes.
```
"""
hex2bytes

doc"""
```rst
``fft(A [, dims])``

Performs a multidimensional FFT of the array ``A``.  The optional ``dims``
argument specifies an iterable subset of dimensions (e.g. an integer,
range, tuple, or array) to transform along.  Most efficient if the
size of ``A`` along the transformed dimensions is a product of small
primes; see :func:`nextprod`.  See also :func:`plan_fft` for even
greater efficiency.

A one-dimensional FFT computes the one-dimensional discrete Fourier
transform (DFT) as defined by

.. math::

   \operatorname{DFT}(A)[k] = \sum_{n=1}^{\operatorname{length}(A)}
   \exp\left(-i\frac{2\pi (n-1)(k-1)}{\operatorname{length}(A)} \right)
   A[n].

A multidimensional FFT simply performs this operation along each transformed
dimension of ``A``.

Higher performance is usually possible with multi-threading. Use
`FFTW.set_num_threads(np)` to use `np` threads, if you have `np`
processors.
```
"""
fft

doc"""
```rst
``isdir(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a directory, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
isdir

doc"""
```rst
``reinterpret(type, A)``

Change the type-interpretation of a block of memory. For example, ``reinterpret(Float32, UInt32(7))`` interprets the 4 bytes corresponding to ``UInt32(7)`` as a ``Float32``. For arrays, this constructs an array with the same binary data as the given array, but with the specified element type.
```
"""
reinterpret

doc"""
```rst
``squeeze(A, dims)``

Remove the dimensions specified by ``dims`` from array ``A``. Elements of
``dims`` must be unique and within the range ``1:ndims(A)``.
```
"""
squeeze

doc"""
```rst
``~(x)``

Bitwise not
```
"""
~

doc"""
```rst
``hankelh1(nu, x)``

Bessel function of the third kind of order ``nu``, :math:`H^{(1)}_\nu(x)`.
```
"""
hankelh1

doc"""
```rst
``hessfact(A)``

Compute the Hessenberg decomposition of ``A`` and return a ``Hessenberg`` object. If ``F`` is the factorization object, the unitary matrix can be accessed with ``F[:Q]`` and the Hessenberg matrix with ``F[:H]``. When ``Q`` is extracted, the resulting type is the ``HessenbergQ`` object, and may be converted to a regular matrix with :func:`full`.
```
"""
hessfact

doc"""
```rst
``gcdx(x,y)``

Computes the greatest common (positive) divisor of ``x`` and ``y`` and their Bézout coefficients, i.e. the integer coefficients ``u`` and ``v`` that satisfy :math:`ux+vy = d = gcd(x,y)`.

.. doctest::

   julia> gcdx(12, 42)
   (6,-3,1)

.. doctest::

   julia> gcdx(240, 46)
   (2,-9,47)

.. note::

   Bézout coefficients are *not* uniquely defined. ``gcdx`` returns the minimal Bézout coefficients that are computed by the extended Euclid algorithm. (Ref: D. Knuth, TAoCP, 2/e, p. 325, Algorithm X.) These coefficients ``u`` and ``v`` are minimal in the sense that :math:`|u| < |\frac y d` and :math:`|v| < |\frac x d`. Furthermore, the signs of ``u`` and ``v`` are chosen so that ``d`` is positive.
```
"""
gcdx

doc"""
```rst
``rem(x, y)``
           %(x, y)

Remainder from Euclidean division, returning a value of the same sign
as``x``, and smaller in magnitude than ``y``. This value is always exact.
```
"""
rem

doc"""
```rst
``rotl90(A)``

Rotate matrix ``A`` left 90 degrees.

``rotl90(A, k)``

Rotate matrix ``A`` left 90 degrees an integer ``k`` number of times. If ``k``
is zero or a multiple of four, this is equivalent to a ``copy``.
```
"""
rotl90

doc"""
```rst
``info(msg)``

Display an informational message.
```
"""
info

doc"""
```rst
``eigmin(A)``

Returns the smallest eigenvalue of ``A``.
```
"""
eigmin

doc"""
```rst
``acscd(x)``

Compute the inverse cosecant of ``x``, where the output is in degrees
```
"""
acscd

doc"""
```rst
``ltoh(x)``

Converts the endianness of a value from Little-endian to that used by the
Host.
```
"""
ltoh

doc"""
```rst
``evalfile(path::AbstractString)``

Load the file using ``include``, evaluate all expressions, and return the value of the last one.
```
"""
evalfile

doc"""
```rst
``success(command)``

Run a command object, constructed with backticks, and tell whether it was successful (exited with a code of 0). An exception is raised if the process cannot be started.
```
"""
success

doc"""
```rst
``sortperm!(ix, v, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false,] [initialized=false])``

Like ``sortperm``, but accepts a preallocated index vector ``ix``.  If ``initialized`` is ``false``
(the default), ix is initialized to contain the values ``1:length(v)``.

See also :func:`sortperm`
```
"""
sortperm!

doc"""
```rst
``isodd(x::Integer) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``x`` is odd (that is, not divisible by 2), and ``false`` otherwise.

.. doctest::

	julia> isodd(9)
	true

	julia> isodd(10)
	false
```
"""
isodd

doc"""
```rst
``normalize_string(s, normalform::Symbol)``

Normalize the string ``s`` according to one of the four "normal
forms" of the Unicode standard: ``normalform`` can be ``:NFC``,
``:NFD``, ``:NFKC``, or ``:NFKD``.  Normal forms C (canonical
composition) and D (canonical decomposition) convert different
visually identical representations of the same abstract string into
a single canonical form, with form C being more compact.  Normal
forms KC and KD additionally canonicalize "compatibility
equivalents": they convert characters that are abstractly similar
but visually distinct into a single canonical choice (e.g. they expand
ligatures into the individual characters), with form KC being more compact.

Alternatively, finer control and additional transformations may be
be obtained by calling `normalize_string(s; keywords...)`, where
any number of the following boolean keywords options (which all default
to ``false`` except for ``compose``) are specified:

* ``compose=false``: do not perform canonical composition
* ``decompose=true``: do canonical decomposition instead of canonical composition (``compose=true`` is ignored if present)
* ``compat=true``: compatibility equivalents are canonicalized
* ``casefold=true``: perform Unicode case folding, e.g. for case-insensitive string comparison
* ``newline2lf=true``, ``newline2ls=true``, or ``newline2ps=true``: convert various newline sequences (LF, CRLF, CR, NEL) into a linefeed (LF), line-separation (LS), or paragraph-separation (PS) character, respectively
* ``stripmark=true``: strip diacritical marks (e.g. accents)
* ``stripignore=true``: strip Unicode's "default ignorable" characters (e.g. the soft hyphen or the left-to-right marker)
* ``stripcc=true``: strip control characters; horizontal tabs and form feeds are converted to spaces; newlines are also converted to spaces unless a newline-conversion flag was specified
* ``rejectna=true``: throw an error if unassigned code points are found
* ``stable=true``: enforce Unicode Versioning Stability

For example, NFKC corresponds to the options ``compose=true, compat=true, stable=true``.
```
"""
normalize_string

doc"""
```rst
``msync(array)``

Forces synchronization between the in-memory version of a memory-mapped ``Array`` or ``BitArray`` and the on-disk version.
```
"""
msync

doc"""
```rst
``cd(dir::AbstractString)``

Set the current working directory.

``cd(f, [dir])``

Temporarily changes the current working directory (HOME if not specified) and applies function f before returning.
```
"""
cd

doc"""
```rst
``hton(x)``

Converts the endianness of a value from that used by the Host to Network
byte order (big-endian).
```
"""
hton

doc"""
```rst
``is(x, y) -> Bool``
           ===(x,y) -> Bool
           ≡(x,y) -> Bool

Determine whether ``x`` and ``y`` are identical, in the sense that no program could distinguish them. Compares mutable objects by address in memory, and compares immutable objects (such as numbers) by contents at the bit level. This function is sometimes called ``egal``.
```
"""
is

doc"""
```rst
``mark(s)``

Add a mark at the current position of stream ``s``.  Returns the marked position.

See also :func:`unmark`, :func:`reset`, :func:`ismarked`
```
"""
mark

doc"""
```rst
``cp(src::AbstractString, dst::AbstractString; remove_destination::Bool=false, follow_symlinks::Bool=false)``

Copy the file, link, or directory from *src* to *dest*.
\"remove_destination=true\" will first remove an existing `dst`.

If `follow_symlinks=false`, and src is a symbolic link, dst will be created as a symbolic link.
If `follow_symlinks=true` and src is a symbolic link, dst will be a copy of the file or directory
`src` refers to.
```
"""
cp

doc"""
```rst
``bswap(n)``

Byte-swap an integer
```
"""
bswap

doc"""
```rst
``manage(manager::FooManager, pid::Int, config::WorkerConfig. op::Symbol)``

 Implemented by cluster managers. It is called on the master process, during a worker's lifetime,
 with appropriate ``op`` values:

   - with ``:register``/``:deregister`` when a worker is added / removed
     from the Julia worker pool.
   - with ``:interrupt`` when ``interrupt(workers)`` is called. The
     :class:`ClusterManager` should signal the appropriate worker with an
     interrupt signal.
   - with ``:finalize`` for cleanup purposes.
```
"""
manage

doc"""
```rst
``resize!(collection, n) -> collection``

Resize ``collection`` to contain ``n`` elements.
If ``n`` is smaller than the current collection length, the first ``n``
elements will be retained. If ``n`` is larger, the new elements are not
guaranteed to be initialized.

.. doctest::

  julia> resize!([6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], 3)
  3-element Array{Int64,1}:
   6
   5
   4

.. code-block:: julia

  julia> resize!([6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], 8)
  8-element Array{Int64,1}:
   6
   5
   4
   3
   2
   1
   0
   0
```
"""
resize!

doc"""
```rst
``sumabs2!(r, A)``

Sum squared absolute values of elements of ``A`` over the singleton
dimensions of ``r``, and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
sumabs2!

doc"""
```rst
``IPv4(host::Integer) -> IPv4``

Returns IPv4 object from ip address formatted as Integer
```
"""
IPv4

doc"""
```rst
``trailing_zeros(x::Integer) -> Integer``

Number of zeros trailing the binary representation of ``x``.

.. doctest::

   julia> trailing_zeros(2)
   1
```
"""
trailing_zeros

doc"""
```rst
``etree(A[, post])``

Compute the elimination tree of a symmetric sparse matrix ``A`` from ``triu(A)`` and, optionally, its post-ordering permutation.
```
"""
etree

doc"""
```rst
``isalnum(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is alphanumeric, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.  A character is classified as alphabetic
if it belongs to the Unicode general category Letter or Number, i.e. a character whose
category code begins with 'L' or 'N'.
```
"""
isalnum

doc"""
```rst
``dct!(A [, dims])``

Same as :func:`dct!`, except that it operates in-place
on ``A``, which must be an array of real or complex floating-point
values.
```
"""
dct!

doc"""
```rst
``@sprintf("%Fmt", args...)``

Return ``@printf`` formatted output as string.
```
"""
@sprintf

doc"""
```rst
``tanh(x)``

Compute hyperbolic tangent of ``x``
```
"""
tanh

doc"""
```rst
``repr(x)``

Create a string from any value using the ``showall`` function.
```
"""
repr

doc"""
```rst
``maxintfloat(type)``

The largest integer losslessly representable by the given floating-point type
```
"""
maxintfloat

doc"""
```rst
``promote_shape(s1, s2)``

Check two array shapes for compatibility, allowing trailing singleton dimensions,
and return whichever shape has more dimensions.
```
"""
promote_shape

doc"""
```rst
``methodswith(typ[, module or function][, showparents])``

Return an array of methods with an argument of type ``typ``. If optional
``showparents`` is ``true``, also return arguments with a parent type
of ``typ``, excluding type ``Any``.

The optional second argument restricts the search to a particular module
or function.
```
"""
methodswith

doc"""
```rst
``foldr(op, v0, itr)``

Like :func:`reduce`, but with guaranteed right associativity. ``v0``
will be used exactly once.

``foldr(op, itr)``

Like ``foldr(op, v0, itr)``, but using the last element of ``itr``
as ``v0``. In general, this cannot be used with empty collections
(see ``reduce(op, itr)``).
```
"""
foldr

doc"""
```rst
``chol(A, [LU]) -> F``

Compute the Cholesky factorization of a symmetric positive definite matrix ``A`` and return the matrix ``F``. If ``LU`` is ``Val{:U}`` (Upper), ``F`` is of type ``UpperTriangular`` and ``A = F'*F``. If ``LU`` is ``Val{:L}`` (Lower), ``F`` is of type ``LowerTriangular`` and ``A = F*F'``. ``LU`` defaults to ``Val{:U}``.
```
"""
chol

doc"""
```rst
``ParseError(msg)``

The expression passed to the `parse` function could not be interpreted as a valid Julia expression.
```
"""
ParseError

doc"""
```rst
``delete!(collection, key)``

Delete the mapping for the given key in a collection, and return the collection.
```
"""
delete!

doc"""
```rst
``interrupt([pids...])``

Interrupt the current executing task on the specified workers. This is
equivalent to pressing Ctrl-C on the local machine. If no arguments are given,
all workers are interrupted.
```
"""
interrupt

doc"""
```rst
``std(v[, region])``

Compute the sample standard deviation of a vector or array ``v``, optionally along dimensions in ``region``. The algorithm returns an estimator of the generative distribution's standard deviation under the assumption that each entry of ``v`` is an IID drawn from that generative distribution. This computation is equivalent to calculating ``sqrt(sum((v - mean(v)).^2) / (length(v) - 1))``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
For applications requiring the handling of missing data, the ``DataArray``
package is recommended.
```
"""
std

doc"""
```rst
``chr2ind(string, i)``

Convert a character index to a byte index
```
"""
chr2ind

doc"""
```rst
``fullname(m::Module)``

Get the fully-qualified name of a module as a tuple of symbols. For example,
``fullname(Base.Pkg)`` gives ``(:Base,:Pkg)``, and ``fullname(Main)`` gives ``()``.
```
"""
fullname

doc"""
```rst
``isreadable(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if the current user has permission to read ``path``,
``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
isreadable

doc"""
```rst
``eps([type])``

The distance between 1.0 and the next larger representable floating-point value of ``type``. Only floating-point types are sensible arguments. If ``type`` is omitted, then ``eps(Float64)`` is returned.

``eps(x)``

The distance between ``x`` and the next larger representable floating-point value of the same type as ``x``.
```
"""
eps

doc"""
```rst
``rem1(x,m)``

Remainder after division, returning in the range (0,m]
```
"""
rem1

doc"""
```rst
``sparsevec(I, V, [m, combine])``

Create a sparse matrix ``S`` of size ``m x 1`` such that ``S[I[k]] = V[k]``. Duplicates are combined using the ``combine`` function, which defaults to ``+`` if it is not provided. In julia, sparse vectors are really just sparse matrices with one column. Given Julia's Compressed Sparse Columns (CSC) storage format, a sparse column matrix with one column is sparse, whereas a sparse row matrix with one row ends up being dense.

``sparsevec(D::Dict, [m])``

Create a sparse matrix of size ``m x 1`` where the row values are keys from the dictionary, and the nonzero values are the values from the dictionary.

``sparsevec(A)``

Convert a dense vector ``A`` into a sparse matrix of size ``m x 1``. In julia, sparse vectors are really just sparse matrices with one column.
```
"""
sparsevec

doc"""
```rst
``isalpha(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is alphabetic, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string. A character is classified as alphabetic
if it belongs to the Unicode general category Letter, i.e. a character whose
category code begins with 'L'.
```
"""
isalpha

doc"""
```rst
``lock(l::ReentrantLock)``

Associates ``l`` with the current task. If ``l`` is already locked by a different
task, waits for it to become available. The same task can acquire the lock multiple
times. Each "lock" must be matched by an "unlock"
```
"""
lock

doc"""
```rst
``transpose(A)``

The transposition operator (``.'``).
```
"""
transpose

doc"""
```rst
``searchsortedfirst(a, x, [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Returns the index of the first value in ``a`` greater than or equal to ``x``,
according to the specified order. Returns ``length(a)+1`` if ``x`` is greater
than all values in ``a``.
```
"""
searchsortedfirst

doc"""
```rst
``big(x)``

Convert a number to a maximum precision representation (typically ``BigInt`` or ``BigFloat``). See ``BigFloat`` for information about some pitfalls with floating-point numbers.
```
"""
big

doc"""
```rst
``names(x::Module[, all=false[, imported=false]])``

Get an array of the names exported by a module, with optionally more module
globals according to the additional parameters.
```
"""
names

doc"""
```rst
``quit()``

Quit the program indicating that the processes completed successfully. This function calls ``exit(0)`` (see :func:`exit`).
```
"""
quit

doc"""
```rst
``init_worker(manager::FooManager)``

 Called by cluster managers implementing custom transports. It initializes a newly launched process as a worker.
 Command line argument ``--worker`` has the effect of initializing a process as a worker using TCP/IP sockets
 for transport.
```
"""
init_worker

doc"""
```rst
``print_escaped(io, str::AbstractString, esc::AbstractString)``

General escaping of traditional C and Unicode escape sequences, plus any characters in esc are also escaped (with a backslash).
```
"""
print_escaped

doc"""
```rst
``typejoin(T, S)``

Compute a type that contains both ``T`` and ``S``.
```
"""
typejoin

doc"""
```rst
``summary(x)``

Return a string giving a brief description of a value. By default returns
``string(typeof(x))``. For arrays, returns strings like "2x2 Float64 Array".
```
"""
summary

doc"""
```rst
``Base64DecodePipe(istream)``

Returns a new read-only I/O stream, which decodes base64-encoded data
read from ``istream``.
```
"""
Base64DecodePipe

doc"""
```rst
``module_parent(m::Module) -> Module``

Get a module's enclosing module. ``Main`` is its own parent.
```
"""
module_parent

doc"""
```rst
``airyaiprime(x)``

Airy function derivative :math:`\operatorname{Ai}'(x)`.
```
"""
airyaiprime

doc"""
```rst
``besselh(nu, k, x)``

Bessel function of the third kind of order ``nu`` (Hankel function).
``k`` is either 1 or 2, selecting ``hankelh1`` or ``hankelh2``, respectively.
```
"""
besselh

doc"""
```rst
``prepend!(collection, items) -> collection``

Insert the elements of ``items`` to the beginning of ``collection``.

.. doctest::

   julia> prepend!([3],[1,2])
   3-element Array{Int64,1}:
    1
    2
    3
```
"""
prepend!

doc"""
```rst
``sum_kbn(A)``

Returns the sum of all array elements, using the Kahan-Babuska-Neumaier compensated summation algorithm for additional accuracy.
```
"""
sum_kbn

doc"""
```rst
``beta(x, y)``

Euler integral of the first kind :math:`\operatorname{B}(x,y) = \Gamma(x)\Gamma(y)/\Gamma(x+y)`.
```
"""
beta

doc"""
```rst
``eye(n)``

n-by-n identity matrix

``eye(m, n)``

m-by-n identity matrix

``eye(A)``

Constructs an identity matrix of the same dimensions and type as ``A``.
```
"""
eye

doc"""
```rst
``diagind(M[, k])``

A ``Range`` giving the indices of the ``k``\ th diagonal of the matrix ``M``.
```
"""
diagind

doc"""
```rst
``include_string(code::AbstractString)``

Like ``include``, except reads code from the given string rather than from a file. Since there is no file path involved, no path processing or fetching from node 1 is done.
```
"""
include_string

doc"""
```rst
``chmod(path, mode)``

Change the permissions mode of ``path`` to ``mode``. Only integer ``mode``\ s
(e.g. 0o777) are currently supported.
```
"""
chmod

doc"""
```rst
``gamma(x)``

Compute the gamma function of ``x``
```
"""
gamma

doc"""
```rst
``sin(x)``

Compute sine of ``x``, where ``x`` is in radians
```
"""
sin

doc"""
```rst
``ordschur!(Q, T, select) -> Schur``

Reorders the Schur factorization of a real matrix ``A=Q*T*Q'``, overwriting ``Q`` and ``T`` in the process. See :func:`ordschur`

``ordschur!(S, select) -> Schur``

Reorders the Schur factorization ``S`` of type ``Schur``, overwriting ``S`` in the process. See :func:`ordschur`

``ordschur!(S, T, Q, Z, select) -> GeneralizedSchur``

Reorders the Generalized Schur factorization of a matrix by overwriting the matrices ``(S, T, Q, Z)`` in the process.  See :func:`ordschur`.

``ordschur!(GS, select) -> GeneralizedSchur``

Reorders the Generalized Schur factorization of a Generalized Schur object by overwriting the object with the new factorization.  See :func:`ordschur`.
```
"""
ordschur!

doc"""
```rst
``whos([Module,] [pattern::Regex])``

Print information about exported global variables in a module, optionally restricted
to those matching ``pattern``.
```
"""
whos

doc"""
```rst
``clipboard(x)``

Send a printed form of ``x`` to the operating system clipboard ("copy").

``clipboard() -> AbstractString``

Return a string with the contents of the operating system clipboard ("paste").
```
"""
clipboard

doc"""
```rst
``code_lowered(f, types)``

Returns an array of lowered ASTs for the methods matching the given generic function and type signature.
```
"""
code_lowered

doc"""
```rst
``nthperm(v, k)``

Compute the kth lexicographic permutation of a vector.

``nthperm(p)``

Return the ``k`` that generated permutation ``p``.
Note that ``nthperm(nthperm([1:n], k)) == k`` for ``1 <= k <= factorial(n)``.
```
"""
nthperm

doc"""
```rst
``values(collection)``

Return an iterator over all values in a collection. ``collect(values(d))`` returns an array of values.
```
"""
values

doc"""
```rst
``A_mul_B!(Y, A, B) -> Y``


Calculates the matrix-matrix or matrix-vector product *A B* and stores the
result in *Y*, overwriting the existing value of *Y*.

.. doctest::

   julia> A=[1.0 2.0; 3.0 4.0]; B=[1.0 1.0; 1.0 1.0]; A_mul_B!(B, A, B);

   julia> B
   2x2 Array{Float64,2}:
    3.0  3.0
    7.0  7.0
```
"""
A_mul_B!

doc"""
```rst
``ntuple(f::Function, n)``

Create a tuple of length ``n``, computing each element as ``f(i)``, where ``i`` is the index of the element.
```
"""
ntuple

doc"""
```rst
``idct!(A [, dims])``

Same as :func:`idct!`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
idct!

doc"""
```rst
``Ac_rdiv_Bc(a,b)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`H` / B\ :sup:`H`
```
"""
Ac_rdiv_Bc

doc"""
```rst
``istaskdone(task) -> Bool``

Tell whether a task has exited.
```
"""
istaskdone

doc"""
```rst
``.>(x, y)``

Element-wise greater-than comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.>))

doc"""
```rst
``search(string, chars, [start])``

Search for the first occurrence of the given characters within the given string. The second argument may be a single character, a vector or a set of characters, a string, or a regular expression (though regular expressions are only allowed on contiguous strings, such as ASCII or UTF-8 strings). The third argument optionally specifies a starting index. The return value is a range of indexes where the matching sequence is found, such that ``s[search(s,x)] == x``:

``search(string, "substring")`` = ``start:end`` such that ``string[start:end] == "substring"``, or ``0:-1`` if unmatched.

``search(string, 'c')``         = ``index`` such that ``string[index] == 'c'``, or ``0`` if unmatched.
```
"""
search

doc"""
```rst
``remotecall_fetch(id, func, args...)``

Perform ``fetch(remotecall(...))`` in one message.
```
"""
remotecall_fetch

doc"""
```rst
``contains(haystack, needle)``

Determine whether the second argument is a substring of the first.
```
"""
contains

doc"""
```rst
``flush(stream)``

Commit all currently buffered writes to the given stream.
```
"""
flush

doc"""
```rst
``detach(command)``

Mark a command object so that it will be run in a new process group,
allowing it to outlive the julia process, and not have Ctrl-C interrupts
passed to it.
```
"""
detach

doc"""
```rst
``precompile(f,args::Tuple{Vararg{Any}})``

Compile the given function ``f`` for the argument tuple (of types) ``args``, but do not execute it.
```
"""
precompile

doc"""
```rst
``toc()``

Print and return the time elapsed since the last :func:`tic`.
```
"""
toc

doc"""
```rst
``asinh(x)``

Compute the inverse hyperbolic sine of ``x``
```
"""
asinh

doc"""
```rst
``count(p, itr) -> Integer``

Count the number of elements in ``itr`` for which predicate ``p`` returns true.
```
"""
count

doc"""
```rst
``atreplinit(f)``

Register a one-argument function to be called before the REPL interface is initialized in interactive sessions; this is useful to customize the interface. The argument of ``f`` is the REPL object.
This function should be called from within the ``.juliarc.jl`` initialization file.
```
"""
atreplinit

doc"""
```rst
``strip(string, [chars])``

Return ``string`` with any leading and trailing whitespace removed. If ``chars`` (a character, or vector or set of characters) is provided, instead remove characters contained in it.
```
"""
strip

doc"""
```rst
``findin(a, b)``

Returns the indices of elements in collection ``a`` that appear in collection ``b``
```
"""
findin

doc"""
```rst
``minimum(itr)``

Returns the smallest element in a collection.

``minimum(A, dims)``

Compute the minimum value of an array over the given dimensions.
```
"""
minimum

doc"""
```rst
``var(v[, region])``

Compute the sample variance of a vector or array ``v``, optionally along dimensions in ``region``. The algorithm will return an estimator of the generative distribution's variance under the assumption that each entry of ``v`` is an IID drawn from that generative distribution. This computation is equivalent to calculating ``sum((v - mean(v)).^2) / (length(v) - 1)``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
For applications requiring the handling of missing data, the ``DataArray``
package is recommended.
```
"""
var

doc"""
```rst
``lcfirst(string)``

Returns ``string`` with the first character converted to lowercase.
```
"""
lcfirst

doc"""
```rst
``@code_native``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls :func:`code_native` on the resulting expression
```
"""
@code_native

doc"""
```rst
``flipbits!(B::BitArray{N}) -> BitArray{N}``

Performs a bitwise not operation on B. See :ref:`~ operator <~>`.
```
"""
flipbits!

doc"""
```rst
``readlink(path) -> AbstractString``

Returns the value of a symbolic link ``path``.
```
"""
readlink

doc"""
```rst
``@code_warntype``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls :func:`code_warntype` on the resulting expression
```
"""
@code_warntype

doc"""
```rst
``deg2rad(x)``

Convert ``x`` from degrees to radians
```
"""
deg2rad

doc"""
```rst
``redirect_stdin([stream])``

Like redirect_stdout, but for STDIN. Note that the order of the return tuple is still (rd,wr), i.e. data to be read
from STDIN, may be written to wr.
```
"""
redirect_stdin

doc"""
```rst
``minmax(x, y)``

Return ``(min(x,y), max(x,y))``.
See also: :func:`extrema` that returns ``(minimum(x), maximum(x))``
```
"""
minmax

doc"""
```rst
``mktemp([parent=tempdir()])``

Returns ``(path, io)``, where ``path`` is the path of a new temporary file
in ``parent`` and ``io`` is an open file object for this path.
```
"""
mktemp

doc"""
```rst
``isreadonly(stream) -> Bool``

Determine whether a stream is read-only.
```
"""
isreadonly

doc"""
```rst
``get_rounding(T)``

Get the current floating point rounding mode for type ``T``, controlling
the rounding of basic arithmetic functions (:func:`+`, :func:`-`,
:func:`*`, :func:`/` and :func:`sqrt`) and type conversion.

Valid modes are ``RoundNearest``, ``RoundToZero``, ``RoundUp``,
``RoundDown``, and ``RoundFromZero`` (``BigFloat`` only).
```
"""
get_rounding

doc"""
```rst
``code_llvm(f, types)``

Prints the LLVM bitcodes generated for running the method matching the given generic function and type signature to :const:`STDOUT`.

All metadata and dbg.* calls are removed from the printed bitcode. Use code_llvm_raw for the full IR.
```
"""
code_llvm

doc"""
```rst
``Bidiagonal(dv, ev, isupper)``

Constructs an upper (``isupper=true``) or lower (``isupper=false``) bidiagonal matrix
using the given diagonal (``dv``) and off-diagonal (``ev``) vectors.  The result is of type ``Bidiagonal`` and provides efficient specialized linear solvers, but may be converted into a regular matrix with :func:`full`.
```
"""
Bidiagonal

doc"""
```rst
``notify(condition, val=nothing; all=true, error=false)``

Wake up tasks waiting for a condition, passing them ``val``.
If ``all`` is true (the default), all waiting tasks are woken, otherwise
only one is. If ``error`` is true, the passed value is raised as an
exception in the woken tasks.
```
"""
notify

doc"""
```rst
``fftshift(x)``

Swap the first and second halves of each dimension of ``x``.

``fftshift(x,dim)``

Swap the first and second halves of the given dimension of array ``x``.
```
"""
fftshift

doc"""
```rst
``unique(itr[, dim])``

Returns an array containing only the unique elements of the iterable ``itr``, in
the order that the first of each set of equivalent elements originally appears.
If ``dim`` is specified, returns unique regions of the array ``itr`` along ``dim``.
```
"""
unique

doc"""
```rst
``sub(A, inds...)``

Like :func:`getindex`, but returns a view into the parent array ``A`` with the given indices instead of making a copy.  Calling :func:`getindex` or :func:`setindex!` on the returned :obj:`SubArray` computes the indices to the parent array on the fly without checking bounds.
```
"""
sub

doc"""
```rst
``cholfact!(A [,LU=:U [,pivot=Val{false}]][;tol=-1.0]) -> Cholesky``

``cholfact!`` is the same as :func:`cholfact`, but saves space by overwriting the input ``A``, instead of creating a copy. ``cholfact!`` can also reuse the symbolic factorization from a different matrix ``F`` with the same structure when used as: ``cholfact!(F::CholmodFactor, A)``.
```
"""
cholfact!

doc"""
```rst
``expanduser(path::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

On Unix systems, replace a tilde character at the start of a path with the
current user's home directory.
```
"""
expanduser

doc"""
```rst
``haskey(collection, key) -> Bool``

Determine whether a collection has a mapping for a given key.
```
"""
haskey

doc"""
```rst
``cot(x)``

Compute the cotangent of ``x``, where ``x`` is in radians
```
"""
cot

doc"""
```rst
``get(x)``

Attempt to access the value of the ``Nullable`` object, ``x``. Returns the
value if it is present; otherwise, throws a ``NullException``.

``get(x, y)``

Attempt to access the value of the ``Nullable{T}`` object, ``x``. Returns
the value if it is present; otherwise, returns ``convert(T, y)``.

``get(collection, key, default)``

Return the value stored for the given key, or the given default value if no mapping for the key is present.

``get(f::Function, collection, key)``

Return the value stored for the given key, or if no mapping for the key is present, return ``f()``.  Use :func:`get!` to also store the default value in the dictionary.

This is intended to be called using ``do`` block syntax::

  get(dict, key) do
      # default value calculated here
```
"""
get

doc"""
```rst
``.!=(x, y)``
           .≠(x,y)

Element-wise not-equals comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.!=))

doc"""
```rst
``lufact!(A) -> LU``

``lufact!`` is the same as :func:`lufact`, but saves space by overwriting the input A, instead of creating a copy.  For sparse ``A`` the ``nzval`` field is not overwritten but the index fields, ``colptr`` and ``rowval`` are decremented in place, converting from 1-based indices to 0-based indices.
```
"""
lufact!

doc"""
```rst
``IOBuffer() -> IOBuffer``

Create an in-memory I/O stream.

``IOBuffer(size::Int)``

Create a fixed size IOBuffer. The buffer will not grow dynamically.

``IOBuffer(string)``

Create a read-only IOBuffer on the data underlying the given string

``IOBuffer([data,],[readable,writable,[maxsize]])``

Create an IOBuffer, which may optionally operate on a pre-existing array. If the readable/writable arguments are given,
they restrict whether or not the buffer may be read from or written to respectively. By default the buffer is readable
but not writable. The last argument optionally specifies a size beyond which the buffer may not be grown.
```
"""
IOBuffer

doc"""
```rst
``plan_dct!(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_dct`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
plan_dct!

doc"""
```rst
``findmax(itr) -> (x, index)``

Returns the maximum element and its index.

``findmax(A, dims) -> (maxval, index)``

For an array input, returns the value and index of the maximum over
the given dimensions.
```
"""
findmax

doc"""
```rst
``tempname()``

Generate a unique temporary file path.
```
"""
tempname

doc"""
```rst
``poll_fd(fd, seconds::Real; readable=false, writable=false)``

Poll a file descriptor fd for changes in the read or write availability and with a timeout given by the second argument.
If the timeout is not needed, use ``wait(fd)`` instead. The keyword arguments determine which of read and/or write status
should be monitored and at least one of them needs to be set to true.
The returned value is an object with boolean fields ``readable``, ``writable``, and
``timedout``, giving the result of the polling.
```
"""
poll_fd

doc"""
```rst
``prevpow2(n)``

The largest power of two not greater than ``n``. Returns 0 for ``n==0``, and returns
``-prevpow2(-n)`` for negative arguments.
```
"""
prevpow2

doc"""
```rst
``code_warntype(f, types)``

Displays lowered and type-inferred ASTs for the methods matching the given generic function and type signature. The ASTs are annotated in such a way as to cause "non-leaf" types to be emphasized (if color is available, displayed in red). This serves as a warning of potential type instability. Not all non-leaf types are particularly problematic for performance, so the results need to be used judiciously. See :ref:`man-code-warntype` for more information.
```
"""
code_warntype

doc"""
```rst
``broadcast!_function(f)``

Like ``broadcast_function``, but for ``broadcast!``.
```
"""
broadcast!_function

doc"""
```rst
``with_rounding(f::Function, T, mode)``

Change the rounding mode of floating point type ``T`` for the duration of ``f``. It is logically equivalent to::

    old = get_rounding(T)
    set_rounding(T, mode)
    f()
    set_rounding(T, old)

See ``get_rounding`` for available rounding modes.
```
"""
with_rounding

doc"""
```rst
``sleep(seconds)``

Block the current task for a specified number of seconds. The minimum sleep
time is 1 millisecond or input of ``0.001``.
```
"""
sleep

doc"""
```rst
``csc(x)``

Compute the cosecant of ``x``, where ``x`` is in radians
```
"""
csc

doc"""
```rst
``hash(x[, h])``

Compute an integer hash code such that ``isequal(x,y)`` implies ``hash(x)==hash(y)``.
The optional second argument ``h`` is a hash code to be mixed with the result.

New types should implement the 2-argument form, typically  by calling the 2-argument ``hash`` method recursively in order to mix hashes of the contents with each other (and with ``h``).   Typically, any type that implements ``hash`` should also implement its own ``==`` (hence ``isequal``) to guarantee the property mentioned above.
```
"""
hash

doc"""
```rst
``atan2(y, x)``

Compute the inverse tangent of ``y/x``, using the signs of both ``x`` and ``y`` to determine the quadrant of the return value.
```
"""
atan2

doc"""
```rst
``send(socket::UDPSocket, host::IPv4, port::Integer, msg)``

Send ``msg`` over ``socket to ``host:port``.
```
"""
send

doc"""
```rst
``atanh(x)``

Compute the inverse hyperbolic tangent of ``x``
```
"""
atanh

doc"""
```rst
``deleteat!(collection, index)``

Remove the item at the given ``index`` and return the modified ``collection``.
Subsequent items are shifted to fill the resulting gap.

.. doctest::

  julia> deleteat!([6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], 2)
  5-element Array{Int64,1}:
   6
   4
   3
   2
   1

``deleteat!(collection, itr)``

Remove the items at the indices given by ``itr``, and return the modified ``collection``.
Subsequent items are shifted to fill the resulting gap. ``itr`` must be sorted and unique.

.. doctest::

  julia> deleteat!([6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], 1:2:5)
  3-element Array{Int64,1}:
   5
   3
   1

.. doctest::

  julia> deleteat!([6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1], (2, 2))
  ERROR: ArgumentError: indices must be unique and sorted
   in deleteat! at array.jl:631
```
"""
deleteat!

doc"""
```rst
``schurfact!(A)``

Computes the Schur factorization of ``A``, overwriting ``A`` in the process. See :func:`schurfact`
```
"""
schurfact!

doc"""
```rst
``read(stream, type)``

Read a value of the given type from a stream, in canonical binary representation.

``read(stream, type, dims)``

Read a series of values of the given type from a stream, in canonical binary representation. ``dims`` is either a tuple or a series of integer arguments specifying the size of ``Array`` to return.
```
"""
read

doc"""
```rst
``plan_rfft(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized real-input FFT, similar to :func:`plan_fft`
except for :func:`rfft` instead of :func:`fft`.  The first two
arguments, and the size of the transformed result, are the same as
for :func:`rfft`.
```
"""
plan_rfft

doc"""
```rst
``@timev``

This is a verbose version of the ``@time`` macro, it first prints the same information as ``@time``, then any non-zero memory allocation counters, and then returns the value of the expression.
```
"""
@timev

doc"""
```rst
``isopen(stream) -> Bool``

Determine whether a stream is open (i.e. has not been closed yet).
If the connection has been closed remotely (in case of e.g. a socket),
``isopen`` will return ``false`` even though buffered data may still be
available. Use ``eof`` to check if necessary.
```
"""
isopen

doc"""
```rst
``shift!(collection) -> item``

Remove the first ``item`` from ``collection``.

.. doctest::

  julia> A = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  6-element Array{Int64,1}:
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6

  julia> shift!(A)
  1

  julia> A
  5-element Array{Int64,1}:
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
```
"""
shift!

doc"""
```rst
``@fetch``

Equivalent to ``fetch(@spawn expr)``.
```
"""
@fetch

doc"""
```rst
``spawn(command)``

Run a command object asynchronously, returning the resulting ``Process`` object.
```
"""
spawn

doc"""
```rst
``isposdef(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is positive definite.
```
"""
isposdef

doc"""
```rst
``nextind(str, i)``

Get the next valid string index after ``i``. Returns a value greater than ``endof(str)``
at or after the end of the string.
```
"""
nextind

doc"""
```rst
``>>>(x, n)``

Unsigned right bit shift operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(>>>))

doc"""
```rst
``@timed``

A macro to execute an expression, and return the value of the expression, elapsed time, total bytes allocated, garbage collection time, and an object with various memory allocation counters.
```
"""
@timed

doc"""
```rst
``code_native(f, types)``

Prints the native assembly instructions generated for running the method matching the given generic function and type signature to STDOUT.
```
"""
code_native

doc"""
```rst
``isgeneric(f::Function) -> Bool``

Determine whether a function is generic.
```
"""
isgeneric

doc"""
```rst
``symdiff(s1,s2...)``

Construct the symmetric difference of elements in the passed in sets or arrays. Maintains order with arrays.
```
"""
symdiff

doc"""
```rst
``bfft!(A [, dims])``

Same as :func:`bfft`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
bfft!

doc"""
```rst
``histrange(v, n)``

Compute *nice* bin ranges for the edges of a histogram of ``v``, using
approximately ``n`` bins. The resulting step sizes will be 1, 2 or 5
multiplied by a power of 10.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
histrange

doc"""
```rst
``eta(x)``

Dirichlet eta function :math:`\eta(s) = \sum^\infty_{n=1}(-)^{n-1}/n^{s}`.
```
"""
eta

doc"""
```rst
``isdefined([object,] index | symbol)``

Tests whether an assignable location is defined. The arguments can be an
array and index, a composite object and field name (as a symbol), or a
module and a symbol.
With a single symbol argument, tests whether a global variable with that
name is defined in ``current_module()``.
```
"""
isdefined

doc"""
```rst
``cotd(x)``

Compute the cotangent of ``x``, where ``x`` is in degrees
```
"""
cotd

doc"""
```rst
``dec(n, [pad])``

Convert an integer to a decimal string, optionally specifying a number of digits to pad to.
```
"""
dec

doc"""
```rst
``wait([x])``

Block the current task until some event occurs, depending on the type
of the argument:

* ``RemoteRef``: Wait for a value to become available for the specified remote reference.

* ``Condition``: Wait for ``notify`` on a condition.

* ``Process``: Wait for a process or process chain to exit. The ``exitcode`` field of a process can be used to determine success or failure.

* ``Task``: Wait for a ``Task`` to finish, returning its result value. If the task fails with an exception, the exception is propagated (re-thrown in the task that called ``wait``).

* ``RawFD``: Wait for changes on a file descriptor (see `poll_fd` for keyword arguments and return code)

If no argument is passed, the task blocks for an undefined period. If the task's
state is set to ``:waiting``, it can only be restarted by an explicit call to
``schedule`` or ``yieldto``. If the task's state is ``:runnable``, it might be
restarted unpredictably.

Often ``wait`` is called within a ``while`` loop to ensure a waited-for condition
is met before proceeding.
```
"""
wait

doc"""
```rst
``shuffle([rng,] v)``

Return a randomly permuted copy of ``v``. The optional ``rng`` argument
specifies a random number generator, see :ref:`Random Numbers
<random-numbers>`.
```
"""
shuffle

doc"""
```rst
``Dict([itr])``

``Dict{K,V}()`` constructs a hash table with keys of type ``K`` and values of type ``V``.

Given a single iterable argument, constructs a :obj:`Dict` whose key-value pairs
are taken from 2-tuples ``(key,value)`` generated by the argument.

.. doctest::

  julia> Dict([("A", 1), ("B", 2)])
  Dict{ASCIIString,Int64} with 2 entries:
    "B" => 2
    "A" => 1

Alternatively, a sequence of pair arguments may be passed.

.. doctest::

  julia> Dict("A"=>1, "B"=>2)
  Dict{ASCIIString,Int64} with 2 entries:
    "B" => 2
    "A" => 1
```
"""
Dict

doc"""
```rst
``sqrt(x)``

Return :math:`\sqrt{x}`. Throws ``DomainError`` for negative ``Real`` arguments. Use complex negative arguments instead.  The prefix operator ``√`` is equivalent to ``sqrt``.
```
"""
sqrt

doc"""
```rst
``atexit(f)``

Register a zero-argument function to be called at exit.
```
"""
atexit

doc"""
```rst
``besselk(nu, x)``

Modified Bessel function of the second kind of order ``nu``, :math:`K_\nu(x)`.
```
"""
besselk

doc"""
```rst
``readchomp(x)``

Read the entirety of x as a string but remove trailing newlines. Equivalent to chomp(readall(x)).
```
"""
readchomp

doc"""
```rst
``pinv(M[, tol])``

Computes the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse.

For matrices ``M`` with floating point elements, it is convenient to compute
the pseudoinverse by inverting only singular values above a given threshold,
``tol``.

The optimal choice of ``tol`` varies both with the value of ``M``
and the intended application of the pseudoinverse. The default value of
``tol`` is ``eps(real(float(one(eltype(M)))))*maximum(size(A))``,
which is essentially machine epsilon for the real part of a matrix element
multiplied by the larger matrix dimension.
For inverting dense ill-conditioned matrices in a least-squares sense,
``tol = sqrt(eps(real(float(one(eltype(M))))))`` is recommended.

For more information, see [8859]_, [B96]_, [S84]_, [KY88]_.

.. [8859] Issue 8859, "Fix least squares", https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/pull/8859
.. [B96] Åke Björck, "Numerical Methods for Least Squares Problems",
   SIAM Press, Philadelphia, 1996, "Other Titles in Applied Mathematics", Vol. 51.
   `doi:10.1137/1.9781611971484 <http:https://epubs.siam.org/doi/book/10.1137/1.9781611971484>`_
.. [S84] G. W. Stewart, "Rank Degeneracy", SIAM Journal on
   Scientific and Statistical Computing, 5(2), 1984, 403-413.
   `doi:10.1137/0905030 <http:https://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/0905030>`_
.. [KY88] Konstantinos Konstantinides and Kung Yao, "Statistical analysis
   of effective singular values in matrix rank determination", IEEE
   Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 36(5), 1988,
   757-763.
   `doi:10.1109/29.1585 <http:https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/29.1585>`_
```
"""
pinv

doc"""
```rst
``asecd(x)``

Compute the inverse secant of ``x``, where the output is in degrees
```
"""
asecd

doc"""
```rst
``readbytes!(stream, b::Vector{UInt8}, nb=length(b))``

Read at most ``nb`` bytes from the stream into ``b``, returning the
number of bytes read (increasing the size of ``b`` as needed).
```
"""
readbytes!

doc"""
```rst
``basename(path::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

Get the file name part of a path.
```
"""
basename

doc"""
```rst
``issparse(S)``

Returns ``true`` if ``S`` is sparse, and ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
issparse

doc"""
```rst
``ArgumentError(msg)``

The parameters to a function call do not match a valid signature.
```
"""
ArgumentError

doc"""
```rst
``atand(x)``

Compute the inverse tangent of ``x``, where the output is in degrees
```
"""
atand

doc"""
```rst
``KeyError(key)``

An indexing operation into an ``Associative`` (``Dict``) or ``Set`` like object tried to access or delete a non-existent element.
```
"""
KeyError

doc"""
```rst
``isdiag(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is diagonal.
```
"""
isdiag

doc"""
```rst
``!==(x, y)``
           ≢(x,y)

Equivalent to ``!is(x, y)``
```
"""
Base.(:(!==))

doc"""
```rst
``trailing_ones(x::Integer) -> Integer``

Number of ones trailing the binary representation of ``x``.

.. doctest::

   julia> trailing_ones(3)
   2
```
"""
trailing_ones

doc"""
```rst
``repeated(x[, n::Int])``

An iterator that generates the value ``x`` forever. If ``n`` is specified, generates
``x`` that many times (equivalent to ``take(repeated(x), n)``).
```
"""
repeated

doc"""
```rst
``isnumber(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is numeric, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.   A character is classified as numeric
if it belongs to the Unicode general category Number, i.e. a character whose
category code begins with 'N'.
```
"""
isnumber

doc"""
```rst
``similar(array, element_type, dims)``

Create an uninitialized array of the same type as the given array, but with the specified element type and dimensions. The second and third arguments are both optional. The ``dims`` argument may be a tuple or a series of integer arguments. For some special ``AbstractArray`` objects which are not real containers (like ranges), this function returns a standard ``Array`` to allow operating on elements.
```
"""
similar

doc"""
```rst
``copy(x)``

Create a shallow copy of ``x``: the outer structure is copied, but not all internal values. For example, copying an array produces a new array with identically-same elements as the original.
```
"""
copy

doc"""
```rst
``isempty(collection) -> Bool``

Determine whether a collection is empty (has no elements).

.. doctest::

	julia> isempty([])
	true

	julia> isempty([1 2 3])
	false
```
"""
isempty

doc"""
```rst
``sumabs!(r, A)``

Sum absolute values of elements of ``A`` over the singleton
dimensions of ``r``, and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
sumabs!

doc"""
```rst
``abs(x)``

Absolute value of ``x``
```
"""
abs

doc"""
```rst
``Sys.set_process_title(title::AbstractString)``

Set the process title. No-op on some operating systems. (not exported)
```
"""
Sys.set_process_title

doc"""
```rst
``htol(x)``

Converts the endianness of a value from that used by the Host to
Little-endian.
```
"""
htol

doc"""
```rst
``ctime(file)``

Equivalent to stat(file).ctime
```
"""
ctime

doc"""
```rst
``normpath(path::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

Normalize a path, removing "." and ".." entries.
```
"""
normpath

doc"""
```rst
``unmark(s)``

Remove a mark from stream ``s``.
Returns ``true`` if the stream was marked, ``false`` otherwise.

See also :func:`mark`, :func:`reset`, :func:`ismarked`
```
"""
unmark

doc"""
```rst
``module_name(m::Module) -> Symbol``

Get the name of a module as a symbol.
```
"""
module_name

doc"""
```rst
``reset(s)``

Reset a stream ``s`` to a previously marked position, and remove the mark.
Returns the previously marked position.
Throws an error if the stream is not marked.

See also :func:`mark`, :func:`unmark`, :func:`ismarked`
```
"""
reset

doc"""
```rst
``modf(x)``

Return a tuple (fpart,ipart) of the fractional and integral parts of a
number. Both parts have the same sign as the argument.
```
"""
modf

doc"""
```rst
``hex2num(str)``

Convert a hexadecimal string to the floating point number it represents
```
"""
hex2num

doc"""
```rst
``ndims(A) -> Integer``

Returns the number of dimensions of A
```
"""
ndims

doc"""
```rst
``@osx``

Given ``@osx? a : b``, do ``a`` on OS X and ``b`` elsewhere. See documentation for Handling Platform Variations
in the Calling C and Fortran Code section of the manual.
```
"""
@osx

doc"""
```rst
``ishermitian(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is Hermitian.
```
"""
ishermitian

doc"""
```rst
``sind(x)``

Compute sine of ``x``, where ``x`` is in degrees
```
"""
sind

doc"""
```rst
``iseltype(A,T)``

Tests whether A or its elements are of type T
```
"""
iseltype

doc"""
```rst
``symperm(A, p)``

Return the symmetric permutation of A, which is ``A[p,p]``. A should be symmetric and sparse, where only the upper triangular part of the matrix is stored. This algorithm ignores the lower triangular part of the matrix. Only the upper triangular part of the result is returned as well.
```
"""
symperm

doc"""
```rst
``min(x, y, ...)``

Return the minimum of the arguments. Operates elementwise over arrays.
```
"""
min

doc"""
```rst
``isready(r::RemoteRef)``

Determine whether a ``RemoteRef`` has a value stored to it. Note that this function
can cause race conditions, since by the time you receive its result it may
no longer be true. It is recommended that this function only be used on a
``RemoteRef`` that is assigned once.

If the argument ``RemoteRef`` is owned by a different node, this call will block to
wait for the answer. It is recommended to wait for ``r`` in a separate task instead,
or to use a local ``RemoteRef`` as a proxy::

    rr = RemoteRef()
    @async put!(rr, remotecall_fetch(p, long_computation))
    isready(rr)  # will not block
```
"""
isready

doc"""
```rst
``InexactError()``

Type conversion cannot be done exactly.
```
"""
InexactError

doc"""
```rst
``@sync``

Wait until all dynamically-enclosed uses of ``@async``, ``@spawn``,
``@spawnat`` and ``@parallel`` are complete.
```
"""
@sync

doc"""
```rst
``typemax(type)``

The highest value representable by the given (real) numeric type.
```
"""
typemax

doc"""
```rst
``all(itr) -> Bool``

Test whether all elements of a boolean collection are true.

``all(A, dims)``

Test whether all values along the given dimensions of an array are true.

``all(p, itr) -> Bool``

Determine whether predicate ``p`` returns true for all elements of ``itr``.

.. doctest::

	julia> all(i->(4<=i<=6), [4,5,6])
	true
```
"""
all

doc"""
```rst
``bind(socket::Union{UDPSocket, TCPSocket}, host::IPv4, port::Integer)``

Bind ``socket`` to the given ``host:port``. Note that `0.0.0.0` will listen on all devices.
```
"""
bind

doc"""
```rst
``cld(x, y)``

Smallest integer larger than or equal to ``x/y``.
```
"""
cld

doc"""
```rst
``issetuid(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` has the setuid flag set, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
issetuid

doc"""
```rst
``ccall((symbol, library) or function_pointer, ReturnType, (ArgumentType1, ...), ArgumentValue1, ...)``

Call function in C-exported shared library, specified by ``(function name, library)`` tuple,
where each component is an AbstractString or :Symbol.

Note that the argument type tuple must be a literal tuple, and not a tuple-valued variable or expression.
Alternatively, ccall may also be used to call a function pointer, such as one returned by dlsym.

Each ``ArgumentValue`` to the ``ccall`` will be converted to the corresponding ``ArgumentType``,
by automatic insertion of calls to ``unsafe_convert(ArgumentType, cconvert(ArgumentType, ArgumentValue))``.
(see also the documentation for each of these functions for further details).
In most cases, this simply results in a call to ``convert(ArgumentType, ArgumentValue)``
```
"""
Base.ccall

doc"""
```rst
``scale!(A, b)``

``scale!(b, A)``

Scale an array ``A`` by a scalar ``b``, similar to :func:`scale` but
overwriting ``A`` in-place.

If ``A`` is a matrix and ``b`` is a vector, then ``scale!(A,b)``
scales each column ``i`` of ``A`` by ``b[i]`` (similar to
``A*diagm(b)``), while ``scale!(b,A)`` scales each row ``i`` of
``A`` by ``b[i]`` (similar to ``diagm(b)*A``), again operating in-place
on ``A``.
```
"""
scale!

doc"""
```rst
``mmap_bitarray([type,] dims, stream, [offset])``

Create a ``BitArray`` whose values are linked to a file, using memory-mapping; it has the same purpose, works in the same way, and has the same arguments, as :func:`mmap_array`, but the byte representation is different. The ``type`` parameter is optional, and must be ``Bool`` if given.

**Example**:  ``B = mmap_bitarray((25,30000), s)``

This would create a 25-by-30000 ``BitArray``, linked to the file associated with stream ``s``.
```
"""
mmap_bitarray

doc"""
```rst
``DomainError()``

The arguments to a function or constructor are outside the valid domain.
```
"""
DomainError

doc"""
```rst
``issym(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is symmetric.
```
"""
issym

doc"""
```rst
``svds(A; nsv=6, ritzvec=true, tol=0.0, maxiter=1000) -> (left_sv, s, right_sv, nconv, niter, nmult, resid)``

``svds`` computes largest singular values ``s`` of ``A`` using Lanczos or Arnoldi iterations.
Uses :func:`eigs` underneath.

Inputs are:
 * ``A``: Linear operator. It can either subtype of ``AbstractArray`` (e.g., sparse matrix) or duck typed. For duck typing ``A`` has to support ``size(A)``, ``eltype(A)``, ``A * vector`` and ``A' * vector``.
 * ``nsv``: Number of singular values.
 * ``ritzvec``: Whether to return the left and right singular vectors ``left_sv`` and ``right_sv``, default is ``true``. If ``false`` the singular vectors are omitted from the output.
 * ``tol``: tolerance, see :func:`eigs`.
 * ``maxiter``: Maximum number of iterations, see :func:`eigs`.

**Example**::

   X = sprand(10, 5, 0.2)
   svds(X, nsv = 2)
```
"""
svds

doc"""
```rst
``acosh(x)``

Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosine of ``x``
```
"""
acosh

doc"""
```rst
``IntSet([itr])``

Construct a sorted set of the integers generated by the given iterable object, or an empty set. Implemented as a bit string, and therefore designed for dense integer sets. Only non-negative integers can be stored. If the set will be sparse (for example holding a single very large integer), use :obj:`Set` instead.
```
"""
IntSet

doc"""
```rst
``Task(func)``

Create a ``Task`` (i.e. thread, or coroutine) to execute the given function (which must be callable with no arguments). The task exits when this function returns.
```
"""
Task

doc"""
```rst
``pushdisplay(d::Display)``

Pushes a new display ``d`` on top of the global display-backend
stack.  Calling ``display(x)`` or ``display(mime, x)`` will display
``x`` on the topmost compatible backend in the stack (i.e., the
topmost backend that does not throw a ``MethodError``).
```
"""
pushdisplay

doc"""
```rst
``randexp!([rng], A::Array{Float64,N})``

Fill the array A with random numbers following the exponential distribution (with scale 1).
```
"""
randexp!

doc"""
```rst
``prevind(str, i)``

Get the previous valid string index before ``i``. Returns a value less than ``1`` at
the beginning of the string.
```
"""
prevind

doc"""
```rst
``setenv(command, env; dir=working_dir)``

Set environment variables to use when running the given
command. ``env`` is either a dictionary mapping strings to strings,
an array of strings of the form ``"var=val"``, or zero or more
``"var"=>val`` pair arguments.  In order to modify (rather than
replace) the existing environment, create ``env`` by ``copy(ENV)``
and then setting ``env["var"]=val`` as desired, or use ``withenv``.

The ``dir`` keyword argument can be used to specify a working
directory for the command.
```
"""
setenv

doc"""
```rst
``invperm(v)``

Return the inverse permutation of v.
```
"""
invperm

doc"""
```rst
``lowercase(string)``

Returns ``string`` with all characters converted to lowercase.
```
"""
lowercase

doc"""
```rst
``produce(value)``

Send the given value to the last ``consume`` call, switching to the consumer task.
If the next ``consume`` call passes any values, they are returned by ``produce``.
```
"""
produce

doc"""
```rst
``ifft(A [, dims])``

Multidimensional inverse FFT.

A one-dimensional inverse FFT computes

.. math::

   \operatorname{IDFT}(A)[k] = \frac{1}{\operatorname{length}(A)}
   \sum_{n=1}^{\operatorname{length}(A)} \exp\left(+i\frac{2\pi (n-1)(k-1)}
   {\operatorname{length}(A)} \right) A[n].

A multidimensional inverse FFT simply performs this operation along each
transformed dimension of ``A``.
```
"""
ifft

doc"""
```rst
``StackOverflowError()``

The function call grew beyond the size of the call stack. This usually happens when a call recurses infinitely.
```
"""
StackOverflowError

doc"""
```rst
``acsch(x)``

Compute the inverse hyperbolic cosecant of ``x``
```
"""
acsch

doc"""
```rst
``process_running(p::Process)``

Determine whether a process is currently running.
```
"""
process_running

doc"""
```rst
``BigInt(x)``

Create an arbitrary precision integer. ``x`` may be an ``Int`` (or anything
that can be converted to an ``Int``).  The usual mathematical operators are
defined for this type, and results are promoted to a ``BigInt``.

Instances can be constructed from strings via :func:`parse`, or using the
``big`` string literal.
```
"""
BigInt

doc"""
```rst
``rsearch(string, chars, [start])``

Similar to ``search``, but returning the last occurrence of the given characters within the given string, searching in reverse from ``start``.
```
"""
rsearch

doc"""
```rst
``isdirpath(path::AbstractString) -> Bool``

Determines whether a path refers to a directory (for example, ends with a path separator).
```
"""
isdirpath

doc"""
```rst
``in(item, collection) -> Bool``
           ∈(item,collection) -> Bool
           ∋(collection,item) -> Bool
           ∉(item,collection) -> Bool
           ∌(collection,item) -> Bool

Determine whether an item is in the given collection, in the sense that it is
``==`` to one of the values generated by iterating over the collection.
Some collections need a slightly different definition; for example :obj:`Set`\ s
check whether the item :func:`isequal` to one of the elements. :obj:`Dict`\ s look for
``(key,value)`` pairs, and the key is compared using :func:`isequal`. To test
for the presence of a key in a dictionary, use :func:`haskey` or
``k in keys(dict)``.
```
"""
Base.in

doc"""
```rst
``isblockdev(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a block device, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
isblockdev

doc"""
```rst
``==(x, y)``

Generic equality operator, giving a single ``Bool`` result. Falls back to ``===``.
Should be implemented for all types with a notion of equality, based
on the abstract value that an instance represents. For example, all numeric types are compared
by numeric value, ignoring type. Strings are compared as sequences of characters, ignoring
encoding.

Follows IEEE semantics for floating-point numbers.

Collections should generally implement ``==`` by calling ``==`` recursively on all contents.

New numeric types should implement this function for two arguments of the new type, and handle
comparison to other types via promotion rules where possible.
```
"""
Base.(:(==))

doc"""
```rst
``mapreducedim(f, op, A, dims[, initial])``

Evaluates to the same as `reducedim(op, map(f, A), dims, f(initial))`, but
is generally faster because the intermediate array is avoided.
```
"""
mapreducedim

doc"""
```rst
``seekstart(s)``

Seek a stream to its beginning.
```
"""
seekstart

doc"""
```rst
``nfields(x::DataType) -> Int``

Get the number of fields of a data type.
```
"""
nfields

doc"""
```rst
``toq()``

Return, but do not print, the time elapsed since the last :func:`tic`.
```
"""
toq

doc"""
```rst
``writemime(stream, mime, x)``

The ``display`` functions ultimately call ``writemime`` in order to
write an object ``x`` as a given ``mime`` type to a given I/O
``stream`` (usually a memory buffer), if possible.  In order to
provide a rich multimedia representation of a user-defined type
``T``, it is only necessary to define a new ``writemime`` method for
``T``, via: ``writemime(stream, ::MIME"mime", x::T) = ...``, where
``mime`` is a MIME-type string and the function body calls
``write`` (or similar) to write that representation of ``x`` to
``stream``. (Note that the ``MIME""`` notation only supports literal
strings; to construct ``MIME`` types in a more flexible manner use
``MIME{symbol("")}``.)

For example, if you define a ``MyImage`` type and know how to write
it to a PNG file, you could define a function ``writemime(stream,
::MIME"image/png", x::MyImage) = ...``` to allow your images to
be displayed on any PNG-capable ``Display`` (such as IJulia).
As usual, be sure to ``import Base.writemime`` in order to add
new methods to the built-in Julia function ``writemime``.

Technically, the ``MIME"mime"`` macro defines a singleton type for
the given ``mime`` string, which allows us to exploit Julia's
dispatch mechanisms in determining how to display objects of any
given type.
```
"""
writemime

doc"""
```rst
``mean!(r, v)``

Compute the mean of ``v`` over the singleton dimensions of ``r``, and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
mean!

doc"""
```rst
``join(strings, delim, [last])``

Join an array of ``strings`` into a single string, inserting the given delimiter between adjacent strings.
If ``last`` is given, it will be used instead of ``delim`` between the last two strings.
For example, ``join(["apples", "bananas", "pineapples"], ", ", " and ") == "apples, bananas and pineapples"``.

``strings`` can be any iterable over elements ``x`` which are convertible to strings via ``print(io::IOBuffer, x)``.
```
"""
join

doc"""
```rst
``linreg(x, y) -> [a; b]``

Linear Regression. Returns ``a`` and ``b`` such that ``a+b*x`` is the closest line to the given points ``(x,y)``. In other words, this function determines parameters ``[a, b]`` that minimize the squared error between ``y`` and ``a+b*x``.

**Example**::

   using PyPlot;
   x = float([1:12])
   y = [5.5; 6.3; 7.6; 8.8; 10.9; 11.79; 13.48; 15.02; 17.77; 20.81; 22.0; 22.99]
   a, b = linreg(x,y) # Linear regression
   plot(x, y, "o") # Plot (x,y) points
   plot(x, [a+b*i for i in x]) # Plot the line determined by the linear regression

``linreg(x, y, w)``

Weighted least-squares linear regression.
```
"""
linreg

doc"""
```rst
``polygamma(m, x)``

Compute the polygamma function of order ``m`` of argument ``x`` (the ``(m+1)th`` derivative of the logarithm of ``gamma(x)``)
```
"""
polygamma

doc"""
```rst
``isless(x, y)``

Test whether ``x`` is less than ``y``, according to a canonical total order.
Values that are normally unordered, such as ``NaN``, are ordered in an arbitrary but consistent fashion. This is the default comparison used by ``sort``. Non-numeric types with a canonical total order should implement this function. Numeric types only need to implement it if they have special values such as ``NaN``.
```
"""
isless

doc"""
```rst
``expm1(x)``

Accurately compute :math:`e^x-1`
```
"""
expm1

doc"""
```rst
``showerror(io, e)``

Show a descriptive representation of an exception object.
```
"""
showerror

doc"""
```rst
``setdiff(s1,s2)``

Construct the set of elements in ``s1`` but not ``s2``. Maintains order with arrays.
Note that both arguments must be collections, and both will be iterated over.
In particular, ``setdiff(set,element)`` where ``element`` is a potential member of
``set``, will not work in general.
```
"""
setdiff

doc"""
```rst
``airyai(x)``

Airy function :math:`\operatorname{Ai}(x)`.
```
"""
airyai

doc"""
```rst
``error(message::AbstractString)``

Raise an ``ErrorException`` with the given message
```
"""
error

doc"""
```rst
``less(file::AbstractString, [line])``

Show a file using the default pager, optionally providing a starting line number. Returns to the julia prompt when you quit the pager.

``less(function, [types])``

Show the definition of a function using the default pager, optionally specifying a tuple of types to indicate which method to see.
```
"""
less

doc"""
```rst
``sqrtm(A)``

Compute the matrix square root of ``A``. If ``B = sqrtm(A)``, then ``B*B == A`` within roundoff error.

``sqrtm`` uses a polyalgorithm, computing the matrix square root using Schur factorizations (:func:`schurfact`) unless it detects the matrix to be Hermitian or real symmetric, in which case it computes the matrix square root from an eigendecomposition (:func:`eigfact`). In the latter situation for positive definite matrices, the matrix square root has ``Real`` elements, otherwise it has ``Complex`` elements.
```
"""
sqrtm

doc"""
```rst
``conv(u,v)``

Convolution of two vectors. Uses FFT algorithm.
```
"""
conv

doc"""
```rst
``unsafe_store!(p::Ptr{T},x,i::Integer)``

Store a value of type ``T`` to the address of the ith element (1-indexed)
starting at ``p``. This is equivalent to the C expression ``p[i-1] = x``.

The ``unsafe`` prefix on this function indicates that no validation is performed
on the pointer ``p`` to ensure that it is valid. Incorrect usage may corrupt
or segfault your program, in the same manner as C.
```
"""
unsafe_store!

doc"""
```rst
``expm(A)``

Matrix exponential.
```
"""
expm

doc"""
```rst
``hessfact!(A)``

``hessfact!`` is the same as :func:`hessfact`, but saves space by overwriting the input A, instead of creating a copy.
```
"""
hessfact!

doc"""
```rst
``Sys.get_process_title()``

Get the process title. On some systems, will always return empty string. (not exported)
```
"""
Sys.get_process_title

doc"""
```rst
``readcsv(source, [T::Type]; options...)``

Equivalent to ``readdlm`` with ``delim`` set to comma.
```
"""
readcsv

doc"""
```rst
``current_module() -> Module``

Get the *dynamically* current module, which is the module code is currently being
read from. In general, this is not the same as the module containing the call to
this function.
```
"""
current_module

doc"""
```rst
``erfcx(x)``

Compute the scaled complementary error function of ``x``,
defined by :math:`e^{x^2} \operatorname{erfc}(x)`.  Note
also that :math:`\operatorname{erfcx}(-ix)` computes the
Faddeeva function :math:`w(x)`.
```
"""
erfcx

doc"""
```rst
``UndefVarError(var::Symbol)``

A symbol in the current scope is not defined.
```
"""
UndefVarError

doc"""
```rst
``gc()``

Perform garbage collection. This should not generally be used.
```
"""
gc

doc"""
```rst
``iscntrl(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is a control character, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.  Control characters are the
non-printing characters of the Latin-1 subset of Unicode.
```
"""
iscntrl

doc"""
```rst
``hist!(counts, v, e) -> e, counts``

Compute the histogram of ``v``, using a vector/range ``e`` as the edges for the bins.
This function writes the resultant counts to a pre-allocated array ``counts``.
```
"""
hist!

doc"""
```rst
``minimum!(r, A)``

Compute the minimum value of ``A`` over the singleton dimensions of ``r``,
and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
minimum!

doc"""
```rst
``diagm(v[, k])``

Construct a diagonal matrix and place ``v`` on the ``k``\ th diagonal.
```
"""
diagm

doc"""
```rst
``.-(x, y)``

Element-wise subtraction operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.-))

doc"""
```rst
``imag(z)``

Return the imaginary part of the complex number ``z``
```
"""
imag

doc"""
```rst
``unsafe_trunc(T, x)``

``unsafe_trunc(T, x)`` returns the nearest integral value of type ``T`` whose absolute
value is less than or equal to ``x``. If the value is not representable by
``T``, an arbitrary value will be returned.
```
"""
unsafe_trunc

doc"""
```rst
``parent(A)``

Returns the "parent array" of an array view type (e.g., SubArray), or the array itself if it is not a view
```
"""
parent

doc"""
```rst
``<(x, y)``

Less-than comparison operator. New numeric types should implement this function
for two arguments of the new type.
Because of the behavior of floating-point NaN values, ``<`` implements a
partial order. Types with a canonical partial order should implement ``<``, and
types with a canonical total order should implement ``isless``.
```
"""
Base.(:(<))

doc"""
```rst
``EnvHash() -> EnvHash``

A singleton of this type provides a hash table interface to environment variables.
```
"""
EnvHash

doc"""
```rst
``method_exists(f, Tuple type) -> Bool``

Determine whether the given generic function has a method matching the given :obj:`Tuple` of argument types.

.. doctest::

	julia> method_exists(length, Tuple{Array})
	true
```
"""
method_exists

doc"""
```rst
``nextpow(a, x)``

The smallest ``a^n`` not less than ``x``, where ``n`` is a non-negative integer.
``a`` must be greater than 1, and ``x`` must be greater than 0.
```
"""
nextpow

doc"""
```rst
``rad2deg(x)``

Convert ``x`` from radians to degrees
```
"""
rad2deg

doc"""
```rst
``gc_enable(on::Bool)``

Control whether garbage collection is enabled using a boolean argument (true for
enabled, false for disabled).
Returns previous GC state.
Disabling garbage collection should be used only with extreme caution,
as it can cause memory use to grow without bound.
```
"""
gc_enable

doc"""
```rst
``sub2ind(dims, i, j, k...) -> index``

The inverse of ``ind2sub``, returns the linear index corresponding to the provided subscripts
```
"""
sub2ind

doc"""
```rst
``isperm(v) -> Bool``

Returns true if v is a valid permutation.
```
"""
isperm

doc"""
```rst
``super(T::DataType)``

Return the supertype of DataType T
```
"""
super

doc"""
```rst
``readline(stream=STDIN)``

Read a single line of text, including a trailing newline character (if one is reached before the end of the input), from the given ``stream`` (defaults to ``STDIN``),
```
"""
readline

doc"""
```rst
``atan(x)``

Compute the inverse tangent of ``x``, where the output is in radians
```
"""
atan

doc"""
```rst
``logabsdet(M)``

Log of absolute value of determinant of real matrix. Equivalent to ``(log(abs(det(M))), sign(det(M)))``, but may provide increased accuracy and/or speed.
```
"""
logabsdet

doc"""
```rst
``joinpath(parts...) -> AbstractString``

Join path components into a full path. If some argument is an absolute
path, then prior components are dropped.
```
"""
joinpath

doc"""
```rst
``get_bigfloat_precision()``

Get the precision (in bits) currently used for BigFloat arithmetic.
```
"""
get_bigfloat_precision

doc"""
```rst
``homedir() -> AbstractString``

Return the current user's home directory.
```
"""
homedir

doc"""
```rst
``count_zeros(x::Integer) -> Integer``

Number of zeros in the binary representation of ``x``.

.. doctest::

   julia> count_zeros(Int32(2 ^ 16 - 1))
   16
```
"""
count_zeros

doc"""
```rst
``isinf(f) -> Bool``

Test whether a number is infinite
```
"""
isinf

doc"""
```rst
``@fetchfrom``

Equivalent to ``fetch(@spawnat p expr)``.
```
"""
@fetchfrom

doc"""
```rst
``secd(x)``

Compute the secant of ``x``, where ``x`` is in degrees
```
"""
secd

doc"""
```rst
``varm(v, m)``

Compute the sample variance of a vector ``v`` with known mean ``m``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
varm

doc"""
```rst
``OverflowError()``

The result of an expression is too large for the specified type and will cause a wraparound.
```
"""
OverflowError

doc"""
```rst
``redirect_stderr([stream])``

Like redirect_stdout, but for STDERR
```
"""
redirect_stderr

doc"""
```rst
``ctranspose!(dest,src)``

Conjugate transpose array ``src`` and store the result in the preallocated array ``dest``, which should have a size corresponding to ``(size(src,2),size(src,1))``. No in-place transposition is supported and unexpected results will happen if `src` and `dest` have overlapping memory regions.
```
"""
ctranspose!

doc"""
```rst
``object_id(x)``

Get a unique integer id for ``x``. ``object_id(x)==object_id(y)`` if and only if ``is(x,y)``.
```
"""
object_id

doc"""
```rst
``norm(A, [p])``

Compute the ``p``-norm of a vector or the operator norm of a matrix ``A``, defaulting to the ``p=2``-norm.

For vectors, ``p`` can assume any numeric value (even though not all values produce a mathematically valid vector norm). In particular, ``norm(A, Inf)`` returns the largest value in ``abs(A)``, whereas ``norm(A, -Inf)`` returns the smallest.

For matrices, valid values of ``p`` are ``1``, ``2``, or ``Inf``. (Note that for sparse matrices, ``p=2`` is currently not implemented.) Use :func:`vecnorm` to compute the Frobenius norm.
```
"""
norm

doc"""
```rst
``print_unescaped(io, s::AbstractString)``

General unescaping of traditional C and Unicode escape sequences. Reverse of :func:`print_escaped`.
```
"""
print_unescaped

doc"""
```rst
``digits!(array, n, [base])``

 Fills an array of the digits of ``n`` in the given base. More significant digits are at higher indexes.
 If the array length is insufficient, the least significant digits are filled up to the array length.
 If the array length is excessive, the excess portion is filled with zeros.
```
"""
digits!

doc"""
```rst
``MethodError(f, args)``

A method with the required type signature does not exist in the given generic function.
```
"""
MethodError

doc"""
```rst
``cat(dims, A...)``

Concatenate the input arrays along the specified dimensions in the iterable ``dims``. For dimensions not in ``dims``, all input arrays should have the same size, which will also be the size of the output array along that dimension. For dimensions in ``dims``, the size of the output array is the sum of the sizes of the input arrays along that dimension. If ``dims`` is a single number, the different arrays are tightly stacked along that dimension. If ``dims`` is an iterable containing several dimensions, this allows to construct block diagonal matrices and their higher-dimensional analogues by simultaneously increasing several dimensions for every new input array and putting zero blocks elsewhere. For example, `cat([1,2], matrices...)` builds a block diagonal matrix, i.e. a block matrix with `matrices[1]`, `matrices[2]`, ... as diagonal blocks and matching zero blocks away from the diagonal.
```
"""
cat

doc"""
```rst
``factorial(n)``

Factorial of ``n``.  If ``n`` is an :obj:`Integer`, the factorial
is computed as an integer (promoted to at least 64 bits).  Note
that this may overflow if ``n`` is not small, but you can use
``factorial(big(n))`` to compute the result exactly in arbitrary
precision.  If ``n`` is not an ``Integer``, ``factorial(n)`` is
equivalent to :func:`gamma(n+1) <gamma>`.

``factorial(n,k)``

Compute ``factorial(n)/factorial(k)``
```
"""
factorial

doc"""
```rst
``bitrand([rng], [dims...])``

Generate a ``BitArray`` of random boolean values.
```
"""
bitrand

doc"""
```rst
``randcycle([rng,] n)``

Construct a random cyclic permutation of length ``n``. The optional ``rng``
argument specifies a random number generator, see :ref:`Random Numbers
<random-numbers>`.
```
"""
randcycle

doc"""
```rst
``leading_zeros(x::Integer) -> Integer``

Number of zeros leading the binary representation of ``x``.

.. doctest::

   julia> leading_zeros(Int32(1))
   31
```
"""
leading_zeros

doc"""
```rst
``hankelh2(nu, x)``

Bessel function of the third kind of order ``nu``, :math:`H^{(2)}_\nu(x)`.
```
"""
hankelh2

doc"""
```rst
``lexcmp(x, y)``

Compare ``x`` and ``y`` lexicographically and return -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether ``x`` is less than, equal to, or greater than ``y``, respectively.
This function should be defined for lexicographically comparable types, and ``lexless`` will call ``lexcmp`` by default.
```
"""
lexcmp

doc"""
```rst
``inf(f)``

Returns positive infinity of the floating point type ``f`` or of the same floating point type as ``f``
```
"""
inf

doc"""
```rst
``isupper(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is an uppercase letter, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.    A character is classified as uppercase
if it belongs to Unicode category Lu, Letter: Uppercase, or Lt, Letter: Titlecase.
```
"""
isupper

doc"""
```rst
``pointer_to_array(pointer, dims[, take_ownership::Bool])``

Wrap a native pointer as a Julia Array object. The pointer element type determines
the array element type. ``own`` optionally specifies whether Julia should take
ownership of the memory, calling ``free`` on the pointer when the array is no
longer referenced.
```
"""
pointer_to_array

doc"""
```rst
``show(x)``

Write an informative text representation of a value to the current output stream. New types should overload ``show(io, x)`` where the first argument is a stream.
The representation used by ``show`` generally includes Julia-specific formatting and type information.
```
"""
show

doc"""
```rst
``@allocated``

A macro to evaluate an expression, discarding the resulting value, instead returning the total number of bytes allocated during evaluation of the expression.
Note: the expression is evaluated inside a local function, instead of the current context, in order to eliminate the effects of compilation,
however, there still may be some allocations due to JIT compilation.  This also makes the results inconsistent with the ``@time`` macros,
which do not try to adjust for the effects of compilation.
```
"""
@allocated

doc"""
```rst
``Array(dims)``

``Array{T}(dims)`` constructs an uninitialized dense array with element type ``T``.
``dims`` may be a tuple or a series of integer arguments.
The syntax ``Array(T, dims)`` is also available, but deprecated.
```
"""
Array

doc"""
```rst
``isreal(x) -> Bool``

Test whether ``x`` or all its elements are numerically equal to some real number
```
"""
isreal

doc"""
```rst
``randsubseq(A, p) -> Vector``

Return a vector consisting of a random subsequence of the given array ``A``,
where each element of ``A`` is included (in order) with independent
probability ``p``.   (Complexity is linear in ``p*length(A)``, so this
function is efficient even if ``p`` is small and ``A`` is large.)  Technically,
this process is known as "Bernoulli sampling" of ``A``.
```
"""
randsubseq

doc"""
```rst
``issubtype(type1, type2)``

True if and only if all values of ``type1`` are also of ``type2``. Can also be written using the ``<:`` infix operator as ``type1 <: type2``.
```
"""
issubtype

doc"""
```rst
``finalizer(x, function)``

Register a function ``f(x)`` to be called when there are no program-accessible references to ``x``. The behavior of this function is unpredictable if ``x`` is of a bits type.
```
"""
finalizer

doc"""
```rst
``nextprod([k_1,k_2,...], n)``

Next integer not less than ``n`` that can be written as :math:`\prod k_i^{p_i}` for integers :math:`p_1`, :math:`p_2`, etc.
```
"""
nextprod

doc"""
```rst
``<<(x, n)``

Left bit shift operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(<<))

doc"""
```rst
``csch(x)``

Compute the hyperbolic cosecant of ``x``
```
"""
csch

doc"""
```rst
``isequal(x, y)``

Similar to ``==``, except treats all floating-point ``NaN`` values as equal to each other,
and treats ``-0.0`` as unequal to ``0.0``.
The default implementation of ``isequal`` calls ``==``, so if you have a type that doesn't have these floating-point subtleties then you probably only need to define ``==``.

``isequal`` is the comparison function used by hash tables (``Dict``).
``isequal(x,y)`` must imply that ``hash(x) == hash(y)``.

This typically means that if you define your own ``==`` function then you must define a corresponding ``hash`` (and vice versa).  Collections typically implement ``isequal`` by calling ``isequal`` recursively on
all contents.

Scalar types generally do not need to implement ``isequal`` separate from ``==``, unless they
represent floating-point numbers amenable to a more efficient implementation
than that provided as a generic fallback (based on ``isnan``, ``signbit``, and ``==``).
```
"""
isequal

doc"""
```rst
``lyap(A, C)``

Computes the solution ``X`` to the continuous Lyapunov equation ``AX + XA' + C = 0``, where no eigenvalue of ``A`` has a zero real part and no two eigenvalues are negative complex conjugates of each other.
```
"""
lyap

doc"""
```rst
``condskeel(M, [x, p])``

.. math::
   \kappa_S(M, p) & = \left\Vert \left\vert M \right\vert \left\vert M^{-1} \right\vert  \right\Vert_p \\
   \kappa_S(M, x, p) & = \left\Vert \left\vert M \right\vert \left\vert M^{-1} \right\vert \left\vert x \right\vert \right\Vert_p

Skeel condition number :math:`\kappa_S` of the matrix ``M``, optionally with respect to the vector ``x``, as computed using the operator ``p``-norm. ``p`` is ``Inf`` by default, if not provided. Valid values for ``p`` are ``1``, ``2``, or ``Inf``.

This quantity is also known in the literature as the Bauer condition number, relative condition number, or componentwise relative condition number.
```
"""
condskeel

doc"""
```rst
``sec(x)``

Compute the secant of ``x``, where ``x`` is in radians
```
"""
sec

doc"""
```rst
``recv(socket::UDPSocket)``

Read a UDP packet from the specified socket, and return the bytes received. This call blocks.
```
"""
recv

doc"""
```rst
``acoth(x)``

Compute the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of ``x``
```
"""
acoth

doc"""
```rst
``det(M)``

Matrix determinant
```
"""
det

doc"""
```rst
``TypeError(func::Symbol, context::AbstractString, expected::Type, got)``

A type assertion failure, or calling an intrinsic function with an incorrect argument type.
```
"""
TypeError

doc"""
```rst
``plan_fft(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized FFT along given dimensions (``dims``) of arrays
matching the shape and type of ``A``.  (The first two arguments have
the same meaning as for :func:`fft`.)  Returns a function ``plan(A)``
that computes ``fft(A, dims)`` quickly.

The ``flags`` argument is a bitwise-or of FFTW planner flags, defaulting
to ``FFTW.ESTIMATE``.  e.g. passing ``FFTW.MEASURE`` or ``FFTW.PATIENT``
will instead spend several seconds (or more) benchmarking different
possible FFT algorithms and picking the fastest one; see the FFTW manual
for more information on planner flags.  The optional ``timelimit`` argument
specifies a rough upper bound on the allowed planning time, in seconds.
Passing ``FFTW.MEASURE`` or ``FFTW.PATIENT`` may cause the input array ``A``
to be overwritten with zeros during plan creation.

:func:`plan_fft!` is the same as :func:`plan_fft` but creates a plan
that operates in-place on its argument (which must be an array of
complex floating-point numbers).  :func:`plan_ifft` and so on
are similar but produce plans that perform the equivalent of
the inverse transforms :func:`ifft` and so on.
```
"""
plan_fft

doc"""
```rst
``A_rdiv_Bt(a,b)``

Matrix operator A / B\ :sup:`T`
```
"""
A_rdiv_Bt

doc"""
```rst
``pwd() -> AbstractString``

Get the current working directory.
```
"""
pwd

doc"""
```rst
``getipaddr() -> AbstractString``

Get the IP address of the local machine, as a string of the form "x.x.x.x".
```
"""
getipaddr

doc"""
```rst
``uppercase(string)``

Returns ``string`` with all characters converted to uppercase.
```
"""
uppercase

doc"""
```rst
``cosd(x)``

Compute cosine of ``x``, where ``x`` is in degrees
```
"""
cosd

doc"""
```rst
``brfft(A, d [, dims])``

Similar to :func:`irfft` but computes an unnormalized inverse transform
(similar to :func:`bfft`), which must be divided by the product
of the sizes of the transformed dimensions (of the real output array)
in order to obtain the inverse transform.
```
"""
brfft

doc"""
```rst
``cycle(iter)``

An iterator that cycles through ``iter`` forever.
```
"""
cycle

doc"""
```rst
``put!(RemoteRef, value)``

Store a value to a remote reference. Implements "shared queue of length 1" semantics: if a value is already present, blocks until the value is removed with ``take!``. Returns its first argument.
```
"""
put!

doc"""
```rst
``operm(file)``

Like uperm but gets the permissions for people who neither own the file nor are a
member of the group owning the file
```
"""
operm

doc"""
```rst
``cumsum(A, [dim])``

Cumulative sum along a dimension ``dim`` (defaults to 1).
See also :func:`cumsum!` to use a preallocated output array,
both for performance and to control the precision of the
output (e.g. to avoid overflow).
```
"""
cumsum

doc"""
```rst
``rmprocs(pids...)``

Removes the specified workers.
```
"""
rmprocs

doc"""
```rst
``rpad(string, n, p)``

Make a string at least ``n`` columns wide when printed, by padding on the right with copies of ``p``.
```
"""
rpad

doc"""
```rst
``setfield!(value, name::Symbol, x)``

Assign ``x`` to a named field in ``value`` of composite type.
The syntax ``a.b = c`` calls ``setfield!(a, :b, c)``, and the syntax ``a.(b) = c``
calls ``setfield!(a, b, c)``.
```
"""
setfield!

doc"""
```rst
``@printf([io::IOStream], "%Fmt", args...)``

Print arg(s) using C ``printf()`` style format specification string. Optionally, an IOStream may be passed as the first argument to redirect output.
```
"""
@printf

doc"""
```rst
``rstrip(string, [chars])``

Return ``string`` with any trailing whitespace removed. If ``chars`` (a character, or vector or set of characters) is provided, instead remove characters contained in it.
```
"""
rstrip

doc"""
```rst
``countlines(io,[eol::Char])``

Read io until the end of the stream/file and count the number of non-empty lines. To specify a file pass the filename as the first
argument. EOL markers other than '\\n' are supported by passing them as the second argument.
```
"""
countlines

doc"""
```rst
``*(A, B)``
:noindex:

Matrix multiplication

``*(x, y...)``

Multiplication operator. ``x*y*z*...`` calls this function with all arguments, i.e.
``*(x, y, z, ...)``.

``*(s, t)``

Concatenate strings. The ``*`` operator is an alias to this function.

.. doctest::
```
"""
Base.(:(*))

doc"""
```rst
``complement!(s)``

Mutates :obj:`IntSet` ``s`` into its set-complement.
```
"""
complement!

doc"""
```rst
``slice(A, inds...)``

Returns a view of array ``A`` with the given indices like :func:`sub`, but drops all dimensions indexed with scalars.
```
"""
slice

doc"""
```rst
``time()``

Get the system time in seconds since the epoch, with fairly high (typically, microsecond) resolution.
```
"""
time

doc"""
```rst
``procs()``

Returns a list of all process identifiers.

``procs(S::SharedArray)``

Get the vector of processes that have mapped the shared array
```
"""
procs

doc"""
```rst
``plan_bfft(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_fft`, but produces a plan that performs an unnormalized
backwards transform :func:`bfft`.
```
"""
plan_bfft

doc"""
```rst
``mod(x, y)``

Modulus after division, returning in the range [0,``y``), if ``y`` is
positive, or (``y``,0] if ``y`` is negative.
```
"""
mod

doc"""
```rst
``trues(dims)``

Create a ``BitArray`` with all values set to true
```
"""
trues

doc"""
```rst
``qr(A [,pivot=Val{false}][;thin=true]) -> Q, R, [p]``

Compute the (pivoted) QR factorization of ``A`` such that either ``A = Q*R`` or ``A[:,p] = Q*R``. Also see ``qrfact``. The default is to compute a thin factorization. Note that ``R`` is not extended with zeros when the full ``Q`` is requested.
```
"""
qr

doc"""
```rst
``invmod(x,m)``

Take the inverse of ``x`` modulo ``m``: ``y`` such that :math:`xy = 1 \pmod m`
```
"""
invmod

doc"""
```rst
``TextDisplay(stream)``

Returns a ``TextDisplay <: Display``, which can display any object
as the text/plain MIME type (only), writing the text representation
to the given I/O stream.  (The text representation is the same
as the way an object is printed in the Julia REPL.)
```
"""
TextDisplay

doc"""
```rst
``factor(n) -> Dict``

Compute the prime factorization of an integer ``n``. Returns a dictionary. The keys of the dictionary correspond to the factors, and hence are of the same type as ``n``. The value associated with each key indicates the number of times the factor appears in the factorization.

.. doctest::

   julia> factor(100) # == 2*2*5*5
   Dict{Int64,Int64} with 2 entries:
     2 => 2
     5 => 2
```
"""
factor

doc"""
```rst
``ismatch(r::Regex, s::AbstractString) -> Bool``

Test whether a string contains a match of the given regular expression.
```
"""
ismatch

doc"""
```rst
``exp(x)``

Compute :math:`e^x`
```
"""
exp

doc"""
```rst
``with_bigfloat_precision(f::Function,precision::Integer)``

Change the BigFloat arithmetic precision (in bits) for the duration of ``f``. It is logically equivalent to::

    old = get_bigfloat_precision()
    set_bigfloat_precision(precision)
    f()
    set_bigfloat_precision(old)
```
"""
with_bigfloat_precision

doc"""
```rst
``searchindex(string, substring, [start])``

Similar to ``search``, but return only the start index at which the substring is found, or 0 if it is not.
```
"""
searchindex

doc"""
```rst
``listenany(port_hint) -> (UInt16,TcpServer)``

Create a TcpServer on any port, using hint as a starting point. Returns a tuple of the actual port that the server
was created on and the server itself.
```
"""
listenany

doc"""
```rst
``getpid() -> Int32``

Get julia's process ID.
```
"""
getpid

doc"""
```rst
``cbrt(x)``

Return :math:`x^{1/3}`.  The prefix operator ``∛`` is equivalent to ``cbrt``.
```
"""
cbrt

doc"""
```rst
``Tridiagonal(dl, d, du)``

Construct a tridiagonal matrix from the lower diagonal, diagonal, and upper diagonal, respectively.  The result is of type ``Tridiagonal`` and provides efficient specialized linear solvers, but may be converted into a regular matrix with :func:`full`.
```
"""
Tridiagonal

doc"""
```rst
``findprev(A, i)``

Find the previous index <= ``i`` of a non-zero element of ``A``, or 0 if not found.

``findprev(predicate, A, i)``

Find the previous index <= ``i`` of an element of ``A`` for which ``predicate`` returns true, or ``0`` if not found.

``findprev(A, v, i)``

Find the previous index <= ``i`` of an element of ``A`` equal to ``v`` (using ``==``),
or ``0`` if not found.
```
"""
findprev

doc"""
```rst
``matchall(r::Regex, s::AbstractString[, overlap::Bool=false]) -> Vector{AbstractString}``

Return a vector of the matching substrings from eachmatch.
```
"""
matchall

doc"""
```rst
``get!(collection, key, default)``

Return the value stored for the given key, or if no mapping for the key is present, store ``key => default``, and return ``default``.

``get!(f::Function, collection, key)``

Return the value stored for the given key, or if no mapping for the key is present, store ``key => f()``, and return ``f()``.

This is intended to be called using ``do`` block syntax::

  get!(dict, key) do
      # default value calculated here
```
"""
get!

doc"""
```rst
``inv(M)``

Matrix inverse
```
"""
inv

doc"""
```rst
``mod1(x,m)``

Modulus after division, returning in the range (0,m]
```
"""
mod1

doc"""
```rst
``@assert cond [text]``

Throw an ``AssertionError`` if ``cond`` is false. Preferred syntax for writing assertions.
```
"""
@assert

doc"""
```rst
``intersect!(s1, s2)``

Intersects sets ``s1`` and ``s2`` and overwrites the set ``s1`` with the result. If needed, ``s1`` will be expanded to the size of ``s2``.
```
"""
intersect!

doc"""
```rst
``listen([addr,]port) -> TcpServer``

Listen on port on the address specified by ``addr``. By default this listens on localhost only.
To listen on all interfaces pass, ``IPv4(0)`` or ``IPv6(0)`` as appropriate.

``listen(path) -> PipeServer``

Listens on/Creates a Named Pipe/Domain Socket
```
"""
listen

doc"""
```rst
``leading_ones(x::Integer) -> Integer``

Number of ones leading the binary representation of ``x``.

.. doctest::

   julia> leading_ones(UInt32(2 ^ 32 - 2))
   31
```
"""
leading_ones

doc"""
```rst
``deserialize(stream)``

Read a value written by ``serialize``.
```
"""
deserialize

doc"""
```rst
``asech(x)``

Compute the inverse hyperbolic secant of ``x``
```
"""
asech

doc"""
```rst
``sprandn(m,n,p)``

Create a random ``m`` by ``n`` sparse matrix with the specified (independent) probability ``p`` of any entry being nonzero, where nonzero values are sampled from the normal distribution.
```
"""
sprandn

doc"""
```rst
``ismarked(s)``

Returns true if stream ``s`` is marked.

See also :func:`mark`, :func:`unmark`, :func:`reset`
```
"""
ismarked

doc"""
```rst
``first(coll)``

Get the first element of an iterable collection. Returns the start point of a :obj:`Range`
even if it is empty.
```
"""
first

doc"""
```rst
``median!(v)``

Like ``median``, but may overwrite the input vector.
```
"""
median!

doc"""
```rst
``cumprod!(B, A, [dim])``

Cumulative product of ``A`` along a dimension, storing the result in ``B``.
The dimension defaults to 1.
```
"""
cumprod!

doc"""
```rst
``@linux``

Given ``@linux? a : b``, do ``a`` on Linux and ``b`` elsewhere. See documentation for Handling Platform Variations
in the Calling C and Fortran Code section of the manual.
```
"""
@linux

doc"""
```rst
``complement(s)``

Returns the set-complement of :obj:`IntSet` ``s``.
```
"""
complement

doc"""
```rst
``rethrow([e])``

Throw an object without changing the current exception backtrace.
The default argument is the current exception (if called within a
``catch`` block).
```
"""
rethrow

doc"""
```rst
``reprmime(mime, x)``

Returns an ``AbstractString`` or ``Vector{UInt8}`` containing the
representation of ``x`` in the requested ``mime`` type, as written
by ``writemime`` (throwing a ``MethodError`` if no appropriate
``writemime`` is available).  An ``AbstractString`` is returned for MIME
types with textual representations (such as ``"text/html"`` or
``"application/postscript"``), whereas binary data is returned as
``Vector{UInt8}``.  (The function ``istext(mime)`` returns whether
or not Julia treats a given ``mime`` type as text.)

As a special case, if ``x`` is an ``AbstractString`` (for textual MIME types)
or a ``Vector{UInt8}`` (for binary MIME types), the ``reprmime`` function
assumes that ``x`` is already in the requested ``mime`` format and
simply returns ``x``.
```
"""
reprmime

doc"""
```rst
``rm(path::AbstractString; recursive=false)``

Delete the file, link, or empty directory at the given path. If ``recursive=true`` is
passed and the path is a directory, then all contents are removed recursively.
```
"""
rm

doc"""
```rst
``MersenneTwister([seed])``

Create a ``MersenneTwister`` RNG object. Different RNG objects can have their own seeds, which may be useful for generating different streams of random numbers.
```
"""
MersenneTwister

doc"""
```rst
``graphemes(s) -> iterator over substrings of s``

Returns an iterator over substrings of ``s`` that correspond to
the extended graphemes in the string, as defined by Unicode UAX #29.
(Roughly, these are what users would perceive as single characters,
even though they may contain more than one codepoint; for example
a letter combined with an accent mark is a single grapheme.)
```
"""
graphemes

doc"""
```rst
``@__FILE__() -> AbstractString``

``@__FILE__`` expands to a string with the absolute path and file name of the script being run.
Returns ``nothing`` if run from a REPL or an empty string if evaluated by ``julia -e <expr>``.
```
"""
@__FILE__

doc"""
```rst
``charwidth(c)``

Gives the number of columns needed to print a character.
```
"""
charwidth

doc"""
```rst
``abspath(path::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

Convert a path to an absolute path by adding the current directory if
necessary.
```
"""
abspath

doc"""
```rst
``ispunct(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character belongs to the Unicode general category Punctuation, i.e. a character whose category code begins with 'P'. For strings, tests whether this is true for all elements of the string.
```
"""
ispunct

doc"""
```rst
``bitunpack(B::BitArray{N}) -> Array{Bool,N}``

Converts a packed boolean array to an array of booleans
```
"""
bitunpack

doc"""
```rst
``@which``

Applied to a function call, it evaluates the arguments to the
specified function call, and returns the ``Method`` object for the
method that would be called for those arguments.  Applied to a
variable, it returns the module in which the variable was bound. It
calls out to the ``which`` function.
```
"""
@which

doc"""
```rst
``size(A, [dim...])``

Returns a tuple containing the dimensions of A. Optionally you can specify the dimension(s) you want the length of, and get the length of that dimension, or a tuple of the lengths of dimensions you asked for.::

 julia> A = rand(2,3,4);

 julia> size(A, 2)
 3

 julia> size(A,3,2)
 (4,3)
```
"""
size

doc"""
```rst
``trigamma(x)``

Compute the trigamma function of ``x`` (the logarithmic second derivative of ``gamma(x)``)
```
"""
trigamma

doc"""
```rst
``findmin(itr) -> (x, index)``

Returns the minimum element and its index.

``findmin(A, dims) -> (minval, index)``

For an array input, returns the value and index of the minimum over
the given dimensions.
```
"""
findmin

doc"""
```rst
``ismount(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a mount point, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
ismount

doc"""
```rst
``endswith(string, suffix | chars)``

Returns ``true`` if ``string`` ends with ``suffix``. If the second argument is a vector or set of characters, tests whether the last character of ``string`` belongs to that set.
```
"""
endswith

doc"""
```rst
``airy(k,x)``

kth derivative of the Airy function :math:`\operatorname{Ai}(x)`.
```
"""
airy

doc"""
```rst
``!(x)``

Boolean not
```
"""
Base.(:(!))

doc"""
```rst
``length(A) -> Integer``

Returns the number of elements in A

``length(collection) -> Integer``

For ordered, indexable collections, the maximum index ``i`` for which ``getindex(collection, i)`` is valid. For unordered collections, the number of elements.

``length(s)``

The number of characters in string ``s``.
```
"""
length

doc"""
```rst
``rand!([rng], A, [coll])``

Populate the array A with random values. If the indexable collection ``coll`` is specified, the values are picked randomly from ``coll``. This is equivalent to ``copy!(A, rand(rng, coll, size(A)))`` or ``copy!(A, rand(rng, eltype(A), size(A)))`` but without allocating a new array.
```
"""
rand!

doc"""
```rst
``bkfact(A) -> BunchKaufman``

Compute the Bunch-Kaufman [Bunch1977]_ factorization of a real symmetric or complex Hermitian matrix ``A`` and return a ``BunchKaufman`` object. The following functions are available for ``BunchKaufman`` objects: ``size``, ``\``, ``inv``, ``issym``, ``ishermitian``.
```
"""
bkfact

doc"""
```rst
``searchsortedlast(a, x, [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Returns the index of the last value in ``a`` less than or equal to ``x``,
according to the specified order. Returns ``0`` if ``x`` is less than all
values in ``a``.
```
"""
searchsortedlast

doc"""
```rst
``InterruptException()``

The process was stopped by a terminal interrupt (CTRL+C).
```
"""
InterruptException

doc"""
```rst
``cov(v1[, v2][, vardim=1, corrected=true, mean=nothing])``

Compute the Pearson covariance between the vector(s) in ``v1`` and ``v2``.
Here, ``v1`` and ``v2`` can be either vectors or matrices.

This function accepts three keyword arguments:

- ``vardim``: the dimension of variables. When ``vardim = 1``, variables
  are considered in columns while observations in rows; when ``vardim = 2``,
  variables are in rows while observations in columns. By default, it is
  set to ``1``.

- ``corrected``: whether to apply Bessel's correction (divide by ``n-1``
  instead of ``n``). By default, it is set to ``true``.

- ``mean``: allow users to supply mean values that are known. By default,
  it is set to ``nothing``, which indicates that the mean(s) are unknown,
  and the function will compute the mean. Users can use ``mean=0`` to
  indicate that the input data are centered, and hence there's no need to
  subtract the mean.

The size of the result depends on the size of ``v1`` and ``v2``. When both
``v1`` and ``v2`` are vectors, it returns the covariance between them as a
scalar. When either one is a matrix, it returns a covariance matrix of size
``(n1, n2)``, where ``n1`` and ``n2`` are the numbers of slices in ``v1`` and
``v2``, which depend on the setting of ``vardim``.

Note: ``v2`` can be omitted, which indicates ``v2 = v1``.
```
"""
cov

doc"""
```rst
``den(x)``

Denominator of the rational representation of ``x``
```
"""
den

doc"""
```rst
``issubnormal(f) -> Bool``

Test whether a floating point number is subnormal
```
"""
issubnormal

doc"""
```rst
``Ac_ldiv_B(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`H` \\ B
```
"""
Ac_ldiv_B

doc"""
```rst
``NullException()``

An attempted access to a ``Nullable`` with no defined value.
```
"""
NullException

doc"""
```rst
``.==(x, y)``

Element-wise equality comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.==))

doc"""
```rst
``cfunction(function::Function, ReturnType::Type, (ArgumentTypes...))``

Generate C-callable function pointer from Julia function. Type annotation of the return value in the
callback function is a must for situations where Julia cannot infer the return type automatically.

For example::

	function foo()
	    # body

	    retval::Float64
	end

	bar = cfunction(foo, Float64, ())
```
"""
cfunction

doc"""
```rst
``recvfrom(socket::UDPSocket) -> (address, data)``

 Read a UDP packet from the specified socket, returning a tuple of (address, data), where address will be either IPv4 or IPv6 as appropriate.
```
"""
recvfrom

doc"""
```rst
``@code_llvm``

Evaluates the arguments to the function call, determines their types, and calls :func:`code_llvm` on the resulting expression
```
"""
@code_llvm

doc"""
```rst
``nextfloat(f)``

Get the next floating point number in lexicographic order
```
"""
nextfloat

doc"""
```rst
``intersect(s1,s2...)``
           ∩(s1,s2)

Construct the intersection of two or more sets. Maintains order and multiplicity of the first argument for arrays and ranges.
```
"""
intersect

doc"""
```rst
``!=(x, y)``
           ≠(x,y)

Not-equals comparison operator. Always gives the opposite answer as ``==``.
New types should generally not implement this, and rely on the fallback
definition ``!=(x,y) = !(x==y)`` instead.
```
"""
Base.(:(!=))

doc"""
```rst
``@spawn``

Execute an expression on an automatically-chosen process, returning a
``RemoteRef`` to the result.
```
"""
@spawn

doc"""
```rst
``findfirst(A)``

Return the index of the first non-zero value in ``A`` (determined by ``A[i]!=0``).

``findfirst(A,v)``

Return the index of the first element equal to ``v`` in ``A``.

``findfirst(predicate, A)``

Return the index of the first element of ``A`` for which ``predicate`` returns true.
```
"""
findfirst

doc"""
```rst
``factorize(A)``

Compute a convenient factorization (including LU, Cholesky, Bunch-Kaufman, LowerTriangular, UpperTriangular) of A, based upon the type of the input matrix. The return value can then be reused for efficient solving of multiple systems. For example: ``A=factorize(A); x=A\\b; y=A\\C``.
```
"""
factorize

doc"""
```rst
``promote_rule(type1, type2)``

Specifies what type should be used by ``promote`` when given values of types
``type1`` and ``type2``. This function should not be called directly, but
should have definitions added to it for new types as appropriate.
```
"""
promote_rule

doc"""
```rst
``mtime(file)``

Equivalent to stat(file).mtime
```
"""
mtime

doc"""
```rst
``SharedArray(T::Type, dims::NTuple; init=false, pids=Int[])``

 Construct a SharedArray of a bitstype ``T``  and size ``dims`` across the processes
 specified by ``pids`` - all of which have to be on the same host.

 If ``pids`` is left unspecified, the shared array will be mapped across all processes
 on the current host, including the master. But, ``localindexes`` and ``indexpids``
 will only refer to worker processes. This facilitates work distribution code to use
 workers for actual computation with the master process acting as a driver.

 If an ``init`` function of the type ``initfn(S::SharedArray)`` is specified,
 it is called on all the participating workers.
```
"""
SharedArray

doc"""
```rst
``logspace(start, stop, n=50)``

Construct a vector of ``n`` logarithmically spaced numbers from ``10^start`` to ``10^stop``.
```
"""
logspace

doc"""
```rst
``@gensym``

Generates a gensym symbol for a variable. For example, ``@gensym x y`` is transformed into ``x = gensym("x"); y = gensym("y")``.
```
"""
@gensym

doc"""
```rst
``sumabs2(itr)``

Sum squared absolute values of all elements in a collection. This
is equivalent to `sum(abs2(itr))` but faster.

``sumabs2(A, dims)``

Sum squared absolute values of elements of an array over the given
dimensions.
```
"""
sumabs2

doc"""
```rst
``uperm(file)``

Gets the permissions of the owner of the file as a bitfield of

==== =====================
 01   Execute Permission
 02   Write Permission
 04   Read Permission
==== =====================

For allowed arguments, see ``stat``.
```
"""
uperm

doc"""
```rst
``run(command)``

Run a command object, constructed with backticks. Throws an error if anything goes wrong, including the process exiting with a non-zero status.
```
"""
run

doc"""
```rst
``showall(x)``

Similar to ``show``, except shows all elements of arrays.
```
"""
showall

doc"""
```rst
``mimewritable(mime, x)``

Returns a boolean value indicating whether or not the object ``x``
can be written as the given ``mime`` type.  (By default, this
is determined automatically by the existence of the corresponding
``writemime`` function for ``typeof(x)``.)
```
"""
mimewritable

doc"""
```rst
``vecdot(x, y)``

For any iterable containers ``x`` and ``y`` (including arrays of
any dimension) of numbers (or any element type for which ``dot`` is
defined), compute the Euclidean dot product (the sum of
``dot(x[i],y[i])``) as if they were vectors.
```
"""
vecdot

doc"""
```rst
``isprime(x::Integer) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``x`` is prime, and ``false`` otherwise.

.. doctest::

	julia> isprime(3)
	true

``isprime(x::BigInt, [reps = 25]) -> Bool``

Probabilistic primality test. Returns ``true`` if ``x`` is prime; and
``false`` if ``x`` is not prime with high probability. The false positive
rate is about ``0.25^reps``. ``reps = 25`` is considered safe for
cryptographic applications (Knuth, Seminumerical Algorithms).

.. doctest::

	julia> isprime(big(3))
	true
```
"""
isprime

doc"""
```rst
``>(x, y)``

Greater-than comparison operator. Generally, new types should implement ``<``
instead of this function, and rely on the fallback definition ``>(x,y) = y<x``.
```
"""
Base.(:(>))

doc"""
```rst
``match(r::Regex, s::AbstractString[, idx::Integer[, addopts]])``

Search for the first match of the regular expression ``r`` in ``s`` and return a RegexMatch object containing the match, or nothing if the match failed. The matching substring can be retrieved by accessing ``m.match`` and the captured sequences can be retrieved by accessing ``m.captures`` The optional ``idx`` argument specifies an index at which to start the search.
```
"""
match

doc"""
```rst
``nprocs()``

Get the number of available processes.
```
"""
nprocs

doc"""
```rst
``Ac_mul_B(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`H` B
```
"""
Ac_mul_B

doc"""
```rst
``qrfact!(A [,pivot=Val{false}])``

``qrfact!`` is the same as :func:`qrfact` when A is a subtype of ``StridedMatrix``, but saves space by overwriting the input ``A``, instead of creating a copy.
```
"""
qrfact!

doc"""
```rst
``At_rdiv_B(a,b)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`T` / B
```
"""
At_rdiv_B

doc"""
```rst
``coth(x)``

Compute the hyperbolic cotangent of ``x``
```
"""
coth

doc"""
```rst
``conj(z)``

Compute the complex conjugate of a complex number ``z``
```
"""
conj

doc"""
```rst
``conj!(A)``

Convert an array to its complex conjugate in-place
```
"""
conj!

doc"""
```rst
``start(iter) -> state``

Get initial iteration state for an iterable object
```
"""
start

doc"""
```rst
``div(x, y)``
           ÷(x, y)

The quotient from Euclidean division. Computes ``x/y``, truncated to an integer.
```
"""
div

doc"""
```rst
``relpath(path::AbstractString, startpath::AbstractString = ".") -> AbstractString``

Return a relative filepath to path either from the current directory or from an optional
start directory.
This is a path computation: the filesystem is not accessed to confirm the existence or
nature of path or startpath.
```
"""
relpath

doc"""
```rst
``readavailable(stream)``

Read all available data on the stream, blocking the task only if no data is available. The result is a ``Vector{UInt8,1}``.
```
"""
readavailable

doc"""
```rst
``remotecall(id, func, args...)``

Call a function asynchronously on the given arguments on the specified process. Returns a ``RemoteRef``.
```
"""
remotecall

doc"""
```rst
``slicedim(A, d, i)``

Return all the data of ``A`` where the index for dimension ``d`` equals ``i``. Equivalent to ``A[:,:,...,i,:,:,...]`` where ``i`` is in position ``d``.
```
"""
slicedim

doc"""
```rst
``isa(x, type) -> Bool``

Determine whether ``x`` is of the given ``type``.
```
"""
isa

doc"""
```rst
``<=(x, y)``
           ≤(x,y)

Less-than-or-equals comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(<=))

doc"""
```rst
``ProcessExitedException()``

After a client Julia process has exited, further attempts to reference the dead child will throw this exception.
```
"""
ProcessExitedException

doc"""
```rst
``unsafe_load(p::Ptr{T},i::Integer)``

Load a value of type ``T`` from the address of the ith element (1-indexed)
starting at ``p``. This is equivalent to the C expression ``p[i-1]``.

The ``unsafe`` prefix on this function indicates that no validation is
performed on the pointer ``p`` to ensure that it is valid. Incorrect usage
may segfault your program or return garbage answers, in the same manner as
C.
```
"""
unsafe_load

doc"""
```rst
``catch_backtrace()``

Get the backtrace of the current exception, for use within ``catch``
blocks.
```
"""
catch_backtrace

doc"""
```rst
``airyx(k,x)``

scaled kth derivative of the Airy function, return :math:`\operatorname{Ai}(x) e^{\frac{2}{3} x \sqrt{x}}` for ``k == 0 || k == 1``, and :math:`\operatorname{Ai}(x) e^{- \left| \operatorname{Re} \left( \frac{2}{3} x \sqrt{x} \right) \right|}` for ``k == 2 || k == 3``.
```
"""
airyx

doc"""
```rst
``cos(x)``

Compute cosine of ``x``, where ``x`` is in radians
```
"""
cos

doc"""
```rst
``base64encode(writefunc, args...)``
           base64encode(args...)

Given a ``write``-like function ``writefunc``, which takes an I/O
stream as its first argument, ``base64(writefunc, args...)``
calls ``writefunc`` to write ``args...`` to a base64-encoded string,
and returns the string.  ``base64(args...)`` is equivalent to
``base64(write, args...)``: it converts its arguments into bytes
using the standard ``write`` functions and returns the base64-encoded
string.
```
"""
base64encode

doc"""
```rst
``Condition()``

Create an edge-triggered event source that tasks can wait for. Tasks
that call ``wait`` on a ``Condition`` are suspended and queued.
Tasks are woken up when ``notify`` is later called on the ``Condition``.
Edge triggering means that only tasks waiting at the time ``notify`` is
called can be woken up. For level-triggered notifications, you must
keep extra state to keep track of whether a notification has happened.
The ``RemoteRef`` type does this, and so can be used for level-triggered
events.
```
"""
Condition

doc"""
```rst
``filt!(out, b, a, x, [si])``

Same as :func:`filt` but writes the result into the ``out`` argument,
which may alias the input ``x`` to modify it in-place.
```
"""
filt!

doc"""
```rst
``ascii(::Array{UInt8,1})``

Create an ASCII string from a byte array.

``ascii(s)``

Convert a string to a contiguous ASCII string (all characters must be valid ASCII characters).

``ascii(::Ptr{UInt8}, [length])``

Create an ASCII string from the address of a C (0-terminated) string encoded in ASCII. A copy is made; the ptr can be safely freed. If ``length`` is specified, the string does not have to be 0-terminated.
```
"""
ascii

doc"""
```rst
``plan_idct(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT), similar to
:func:`plan_fft` except producing a function that computes :func:`idct`.
The first two arguments have the same meaning as for :func:`idct`.
```
"""
plan_idct

doc"""
```rst
``maxabs(itr)``

Compute the maximum absolute value of a collection of values.

``maxabs(A, dims)``

Compute the maximum absolute values over given dimensions.
```
"""
maxabs

doc"""
```rst
``done(iter, state) -> Bool``

Test whether we are done iterating
```
"""
done

doc"""
```rst
``convert(T, x)``

Convert ``x`` to a value of type ``T``.

If ``T`` is an ``Integer`` type, an :exc:`InexactError` will be raised if
``x`` is not representable by ``T``, for example if ``x`` is not
integer-valued, or is outside the range supported by ``T``.

.. doctest::

   julia> convert(Int, 3.0)
   3

   julia> convert(Int, 3.5)
   ERROR: InexactError()
    in convert at int.jl:196

If ``T`` is a :obj:`FloatingPoint` or :obj:`Rational` type, then it will return
the closest value to ``x`` representable by ``T``.

.. doctest::

   julia> x = 1/3
   0.3333333333333333

   julia> convert(Float32, x)
   0.33333334f0

   julia> convert(Rational{Int32}, x)
   1//3

   julia> convert(Rational{Int64}, x)
   6004799503160661//18014398509481984
```
"""
convert

doc"""
```rst
``A_ldiv_Bt(a,b)``

Matrix operator A \\ B\ :sup:`T`
```
"""
A_ldiv_Bt

doc"""
```rst
``applicable(f, args...) -> Bool``

Determine whether the given generic function has a method applicable to the given arguments.

.. doctest::

	julia> function f(x, y)
	           x + y
	       end;

	julia> applicable(f, 1)
	false

	julia> applicable(f, 1, 2)
	true
```
"""
applicable

doc"""
```rst
``xdump(x)``

Show all structure of a value, including all fields of objects.
```
"""
xdump

doc"""
```rst
``Base.process_messages(instrm::AsyncStream, outstrm::AsyncStream)``

 Called by cluster managers using custom transports. It should be called when the custom transport implementation receives the
 first message from a remote worker. The custom transport must manage a logical connection to the remote worker and provide two
 AsyncStream objects, one for incoming messages and the other for messages addressed to the remote worker.
```
"""
Base.process_messages

doc"""
```rst
``RandomDevice()``

Create a ``RandomDevice`` RNG object. Two such objects will always generate different streams of random numbers.
```
"""
RandomDevice

doc"""
```rst
``plan_fft!(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_fft`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
plan_fft!

doc"""
```rst
``fma(x, y, z)``

Computes ``x*y+z`` without rounding the intermediate result
``x*y``. On some systems this is significantly more expensive than
``x*y+z``. ``fma`` is used to improve accuracy in certain
algorithms. See ``muladd``.
```
"""
fma

doc"""
```rst
``eigvals(A,[irange,][vl,][vu])``

Returns the eigenvalues of ``A``. If ``A`` is :class:`Symmetric`,
:class:`Hermitian` or :class:`SymTridiagonal`, it is possible to calculate
only a subset of the eigenvalues by specifying either a :class:`UnitRange`
``irange`` covering indices of the sorted eigenvalues, or a pair ``vl`` and
``vu`` for the lower and upper boundaries of the eigenvalues.

For general non-symmetric matrices it is possible to specify how the matrix
is balanced before the eigenvector calculation. The option ``permute=true``
permutes the matrix to become closer to upper triangular, and ``scale=true``
scales the matrix by its diagonal elements to make rows and columns more
equal in norm. The default is ``true`` for both options.
```
"""
eigvals

doc"""
```rst
``A_ldiv_Bc(a,b)``

Matrix operator A \\ B\ :sup:`H`
```
"""
A_ldiv_Bc

doc"""
```rst
``escape_string(str::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

General escaping of traditional C and Unicode escape sequences. See :func:`print_escaped` for more general escaping.
```
"""
escape_string

doc"""
```rst
``significand(x)``

Extract the significand(s) (a.k.a. mantissa), in binary representation, of
a floating-point number or array. If ``x`` is a non-zero finite number,
than the result will be a number of the same type on the interval
[1,2). Otherwise ``x`` is returned.

.. doctest::

   julia> significand(15.2)/15.2
   0.125

   julia> significand(15.2)*8
   15.2
```
"""
significand

doc"""
```rst
``pointer_from_objref(object_instance)``

Get the memory address of a Julia object as a ``Ptr``. The existence of the resulting
``Ptr`` will not protect the object from garbage collection, so you must ensure
that the object remains referenced for the whole time that the ``Ptr`` will be used.
```
"""
pointer_from_objref

doc"""
```rst
``cumsum_kbn(A, [dim])``

Cumulative sum along a dimension, using the Kahan-Babuska-Neumaier
compensated summation algorithm for additional accuracy.
The dimension defaults to 1.
```
"""
cumsum_kbn

doc"""
```rst
``cmp(x,y)``

Return -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether ``x`` is less than, equal to, or greater
than ``y``, respectively. Uses the total order implemented by ``isless``. For
floating-point numbers, uses ``<`` but throws an error for unordered arguments.
```
"""
cmp

doc"""
```rst
``tand(x)``

Compute tangent of ``x``, where ``x`` is in degrees
```
"""
tand

doc"""
```rst
``issorted(v, [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Test whether a vector is in sorted order. The ``by``, ``lt`` and ``rev``
keywords modify what order is considered to be sorted just as they do for ``sort``.
```
"""
issorted

doc"""
```rst
``set_bigfloat_precision(x::Int64)``

Set the precision (in bits) to be used to BigFloat arithmetic.
```
"""
set_bigfloat_precision

doc"""
```rst
``isbits(T)``

True if ``T`` is a "plain data" type, meaning it is immutable and contains no references to other values. Typical examples are numeric types such as ``UInt8``, ``Float64``, and ``Complex{Float64}``.

.. doctest::

   julia> isbits(Complex{Float64})
   true

   julia> isbits(Complex)
   false
```
"""
isbits

doc"""
```rst
``findlast(A)``

Return the index of the last non-zero value in ``A`` (determined by ``A[i]!=0``).

``findlast(A, v)``

Return the index of the last element equal to ``v`` in ``A``.

``findlast(predicate, A)``

Return the index of the last element of ``A`` for which ``predicate`` returns true.
```
"""
findlast

doc"""
```rst
``@elapsed``

A macro to evaluate an expression, discarding the resulting value, instead returning the number of seconds it took to execute as a floating-point number.
```
"""
@elapsed

doc"""
```rst
``findnext(A, i)``

Find the next index >= ``i`` of a non-zero element of ``A``, or ``0`` if not found.

``findnext(predicate, A, i)``

Find the next index >= ``i`` of an element of ``A`` for which ``predicate`` returns true, or ``0`` if not found.

``findnext(A, v, i)``

Find the next index >= ``i`` of an element of ``A`` equal to ``v`` (using ``==``),
or ``0`` if not found.
```
"""
findnext

doc"""
```rst
``fetch(RemoteRef)``

Wait for and get the value of a remote reference.
```
"""
fetch

doc"""
```rst
``angle(z)``

Compute the phase angle in radians of a complex number ``z``
```
"""
angle

doc"""
```rst
``tic()``

Set a timer to be read by the next call to :func:`toc` or :func:`toq`. The macro call ``@time expr`` can also be used to time evaluation.
```
"""
tic

doc"""
```rst
``LoadError(file::AbstractString, line::Int, error)``

An error occurred while `including`, `requiring`, or `using` a file. The error specifics should be available in the `.error` field.
```
"""
LoadError

doc"""
```rst
``vec(Array) -> Vector``

Vectorize an array using column-major convention.
```
"""
vec

doc"""
```rst
``copy!(dest, src)``

Copy all elements from collection ``src`` to array ``dest``. Returns ``dest``.

``copy!(dest, do, src, so, N)``

Copy ``N`` elements from collection ``src`` starting at offset ``so``, to
array ``dest`` starting at offset ``do``. Returns ``dest``.
```
"""
copy!

doc"""
```rst
``broadcast(f, As...)``

Broadcasts the arrays ``As`` to a common size by expanding singleton dimensions, and returns an array of the results ``f(as...)`` for each position.
```
"""
broadcast

doc"""
```rst
``eigvecs(A, [eigvals,][permute=true,][scale=true]) -> Matrix``

Returns a matrix ``M`` whose columns are the eigenvectors of ``A``.
(The ``k``\ th eigenvector can be obtained from the slice ``M[:, k]``.)
The ``permute`` and ``scale`` keywords are the same as for :func:`eigfact`.

For :class:`SymTridiagonal` matrices, if the optional vector of eigenvalues
``eigvals`` is specified, returns the specific corresponding eigenvectors.
```
"""
eigvecs

doc"""
```rst
``ntoh(x)``

Converts the endianness of a value from Network byte order (big-endian) to
that used by the Host.
```
"""
ntoh

doc"""
```rst
``qrfact(A [,pivot=Val{false}]) -> F``

Computes the QR factorization of ``A``. The return type of ``F`` depends on the element type of ``A`` and whether pivoting is specified (with ``pivot==Val{true}``).

   ================ ================= ============== =====================================
   Return type      ``eltype(A)``     ``pivot``      Relationship between ``F`` and ``A``
   ---------------- ----------------- -------------- -------------------------------------
   ``QR``           not ``BlasFloat`` either          ``A==F[:Q]*F[:R]``
   ``QRCompactWY``  ``BlasFloat``     ``Val{false}``  ``A==F[:Q]*F[:R]``
   ``QRPivoted``    ``BlasFloat``     ``Val{true}``   ``A[:,F[:p]]==F[:Q]*F[:R]``
   ================ ================= ============== =====================================

``BlasFloat`` refers to any of: ``Float32``, ``Float64``, ``Complex64`` or ``Complex128``.

The individual components of the factorization ``F`` can be accessed by indexing:

   =========== ============================================= ================== ===================== ==================
   Component   Description                                   ``QR``             ``QRCompactWY``       ``QRPivoted``
   ----------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------------- ------------------
   ``F[:Q]``   ``Q`` (orthogonal/unitary) part of ``QR``      ✓ (``QRPackedQ``)  ✓ (``QRCompactWYQ``)  ✓ (``QRPackedQ``)
   ``F[:R]``   ``R`` (upper right triangular) part of ``QR``  ✓                  ✓                     ✓
   ``F[:p]``   pivot ``Vector``                                                                        ✓
   ``F[:P]``   (pivot) permutation ``Matrix``                                                          ✓
   =========== ============================================= ================== ===================== ==================

The following functions are available for the ``QR`` objects: ``size``, ``\``. When ``A`` is rectangular, ``\`` will return a least squares solution and if the solution is not unique, the one with smallest norm is returned.

Multiplication with respect to either thin or full ``Q`` is allowed, i.e. both ``F[:Q]*F[:R]`` and ``F[:Q]*A`` are supported. A ``Q`` matrix can be converted into a regular matrix with :func:`full` which has a named argument ``thin``.

.. note::

   ``qrfact`` returns multiple types because LAPACK uses several representations that minimize the memory storage requirements of products of Householder elementary reflectors, so that the ``Q`` and ``R`` matrices can be stored compactly rather as two separate dense matrices.

   The data contained in ``QR`` or ``QRPivoted`` can be used to construct the ``QRPackedQ`` type, which is a compact representation of the rotation matrix:

      .. math::

         Q = \prod_{i=1}^{\min(m,n)} (I - \tau_i v_i v_i^T)

   where :math:`\tau_i` is the scale factor and :math:`v_i` is the projection vector associated with the :math:`i^{th}` Householder elementary reflector.

   The data contained in ``QRCompactWY`` can be used to construct the ``QRCompactWYQ`` type, which is a compact representation of the rotation matrix

      .. math::

         Q = I + Y T Y^T

   where ``Y`` is :math:`m \times r` lower trapezoidal and ``T`` is :math:`r \times r` upper triangular. The *compact WY* representation [Schreiber1989]_ is not to be confused with the older, *WY* representation [Bischof1987]_. (The LAPACK documentation uses ``V`` in lieu of ``Y``.)

.. [Bischof1987] C Bischof and C Van Loan, The WY representation for products of Householder matrices, SIAM J Sci Stat Comput 8 (1987), s2-s13. doi:10.1137/0908009
.. [Schreiber1989] R Schreiber and C Van Loan, A storage-efficient WY representation for products of Householder transformations, SIAM J Sci Stat Comput 10 (1989), 53-57. doi:10.1137/0910005

``qrfact(A) -> SPQR.Factorization``

Compute the QR factorization of a sparse matrix ``A``. A fill-reducing permutation is used. The main application of this type is to solve least squares problems with ``\``. The function calls the C library SPQR and a few additional functions from the library are wrapped but not exported.
```
"""
qrfact

doc"""
```rst
``+(x, y...)``

Addition operator. ``x+y+z+...`` calls this function with all arguments, i.e.
``+(x, y, z, ...)``.
```
"""
+

doc"""
```rst
``identity(x)``

The identity function. Returns its argument.
```
"""
identity

doc"""
```rst
``iseven(x::Integer) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` is ``x`` is even (that is, divisible by 2), and ``false`` otherwise.

.. doctest::

	julia> iseven(9)
	false

	julia> iseven(10)
	true
```
"""
iseven

doc"""
```rst
``setindex!(A, X, inds...)``

Store values from array ``X`` within some subset of ``A`` as specified by ``inds``.

``setindex!(collection, value, key...)``

Store the given value at the given key or index within a collection.
The syntax ``a[i,j,...] = x`` is converted by the compiler to
``setindex!(a, x, i, j, ...)``.
```
"""
setindex!

doc"""
```rst
``signif(x, digits, [base])``

Rounds (in the sense of ``round``) ``x`` so that there are ``digits`` significant digits, under a base ``base`` representation, default 10. E.g., ``signif(123.456, 2)`` is ``120.0``, and ``signif(357.913, 4, 2)`` is ``352.0``.
```
"""
signif

doc"""
```rst
``sprandbool(m,n,p)``

Create a random ``m`` by ``n`` sparse boolean matrix with the specified (independent) probability ``p`` of any entry being ``true``.
```
"""
sprandbool

doc"""
```rst
``nextpow2(n)``

The smallest power of two not less than ``n``. Returns 0 for ``n==0``, and returns
``-nextpow2(-n)`` for negative arguments.
```
"""
nextpow2

doc"""
```rst
``ipermute!(v, p)``

Like permute!, but the inverse of the given permutation is applied.
```
"""
ipermute!

doc"""
```rst
``full(S)``

Convert a sparse matrix ``S`` into a dense matrix.

``full(F)``

Reconstruct the matrix ``A`` from the factorization ``F=factorize(A)``.

``full(QRCompactWYQ[, thin=true]) -> Matrix``

Converts an orthogonal or unitary matrix stored as a ``QRCompactWYQ``
object, i.e. in the compact WY format [Bischof1987]_, to a dense matrix.

Optionally takes a ``thin`` Boolean argument, which if ``true`` omits the
columns that span the rows of ``R`` in the QR factorization that are zero.
The resulting matrix is the ``Q`` in a thin QR factorization (sometimes
called the reduced QR factorization).  If ``false``, returns a ``Q`` that
spans all rows of ``R`` in its corresponding QR factorization.
```
"""
full

doc"""
```rst
``map(f, c...) -> collection``

Transform collection ``c`` by applying ``f`` to each element.
For multiple collection arguments, apply ``f`` elementwise.

.. doctest::

   julia> map((x) -> x * 2, [1, 2, 3])
   3-element Array{Int64,1}:
    2
    4
    6

   julia> map(+, [1, 2, 3], [10, 20, 30])
   3-element Array{Int64,1}:
    11
    22
    33
```
"""
map

doc"""
```rst
``@parallel``

A parallel for loop of the form ::

     @parallel [reducer] for var = range
         body
     end

The specified range is partitioned and locally executed across all workers.
In case an optional reducer function is specified, @parallel performs local
reductions on each worker with a final reduction on the calling process.

Note that without a reducer function, @parallel executes asynchronously,
i.e. it spawns independent tasks on all available workers and returns
immediately without waiting for completion. To wait for completion, prefix
the call with ``@sync``, like ::

     @sync @parallel for var = range
         body
     end
```
"""
@parallel

doc"""
```rst
``throw(e)``

Throw an object as an exception
```
"""
throw

doc"""
```rst
``isxdigit(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is a valid hexadecimal digit, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.
```
"""
isxdigit

doc"""
```rst
``fill(x, dims)``

Create an array filled with the value ``x``.
For example, ``fill(1.0, (10,10))`` returns a  10x10 array of floats, with each
element initialized to 1.0.

If ``x`` is an object reference, all elements will refer to the same object.
``fill(Foo(), dims)`` will return an array filled with the result of evaluating ``Foo()`` once.
```
"""
fill

doc"""
```rst
``rol!(dest::BitArray{1}, src::BitArray{1}, i::Integer) -> BitArray{1}``

Performs a left rotation operation on ``src`` and put the result into ``dest``.

``rol!(B::BitArray{1}, i::Integer) -> BitArray{1}``

Performs a left rotation operation on B.
```
"""
rol!

doc"""
```rst
``issubset(a, b)``
           ⊆(A,S) -> Bool
           ⊈(A,S) -> Bool
           ⊊(A,S) -> Bool

Determine whether every element of ``a`` is also in ``b``, using :func:`in`.

``issubset(A, S) -> Bool``
           ⊆(A,S) -> Bool

True if A is a subset of or equal to S.
```
"""
issubset

doc"""
```rst
``istriu(A) -> Bool``

Test whether a matrix is upper triangular.
```
"""
istriu

doc"""
```rst
``map!(function, collection)``

In-place version of :func:`map`.

``map!(function, destination, collection...)``

Like :func:`map`, but stores the result in ``destination`` rather than a
new collection. ``destination`` must be at least as large as the first
collection.
```
"""
map!

doc"""
```rst
``unescape_string(s::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

General unescaping of traditional C and Unicode escape sequences. Reverse of :func:`escape_string`. See also :func:`print_unescaped`.
```
"""
unescape_string

doc"""
```rst
``redirect_stdout()``

Create a pipe to which all C and Julia level STDOUT output will be redirected. Returns a tuple (rd,wr)
representing the pipe ends. Data written to STDOUT may now be read from the rd end of the pipe. The
wr end is given for convenience in case the old STDOUT object was cached by the user and needs to be
replaced elsewhere.

``redirect_stdout(stream)``

Replace STDOUT by stream for all C and julia level output to STDOUT. Note that `stream` must be a TTY, a Pipe or a
TcpSocket.
```
"""
redirect_stdout

doc"""
```rst
``print_with_color(color::Symbol, [io], strings...)``

Print strings in a color specified as a symbol, for example ``:red`` or ``:blue``.
```
"""
print_with_color

doc"""
```rst
``stringmime(mime, x)``

Returns an ``AbstractString`` containing the representation of ``x`` in the
requested ``mime`` type.  This is similar to ``reprmime`` except
that binary data is base64-encoded as an ASCII string.
```
"""
stringmime

doc"""
```rst
``ischardev(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if ``path`` is a character device, ``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
ischardev

doc"""
```rst
``zero(x)``

Get the additive identity element for the type of x (x can also specify the type itself).
```
"""
zero

doc"""
```rst
``any(itr) -> Bool``

Test whether any elements of a boolean collection are true.

``any(A, dims)``

Test whether any values along the given dimensions of an array are true.

``any(p, itr) -> Bool``

Determine whether predicate ``p`` returns true for any elements of ``itr``.
```
"""
any

doc"""
```rst
``plan_ifft(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_fft`, but produces a plan that performs inverse transforms
:func:`ifft`.
```
"""
plan_ifft

doc"""
```rst
``cosc(x)``

Compute :math:`\cos(\pi x) / x - \sin(\pi x) / (\pi x^2)` if :math:`x \neq 0`, and :math:`0`
if :math:`x = 0`. This is the derivative of ``sinc(x)``.
```
"""
cosc

doc"""
```rst
``getkey(collection, key, default)``

Return the key matching argument ``key`` if one exists in ``collection``, otherwise return ``default``.
```
"""
getkey

doc"""
```rst
``At_ldiv_Bt(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`T` \\ B\ :sup:`T`
```
"""
At_ldiv_Bt

doc"""
```rst
``Ac_mul_Bc(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`H` B\ :sup:`H`
```
"""
Ac_mul_Bc

doc"""
```rst
``acotd(x)``

Compute the inverse cotangent of ``x``, where the output is in degrees
```
"""
acotd

doc"""
```rst
``zeros(type, dims)``

Create an array of all zeros of specified type. The type defaults to Float64 if not specified.

``zeros(A)``

Create an array of all zeros with the same element type and shape as A.
```
"""
zeros

doc"""
```rst
``symbol(x...) -> Symbol``

Create a ``Symbol`` by concatenating the string representations of the arguments together.
```
"""
symbol

doc"""
```rst
``zeta(s)``

Riemann zeta function :math:`\zeta(s)`.

``zeta(s, z)``

Hurwitz zeta function :math:`\zeta(s, z)`.  (This is equivalent to
the Riemann zeta function :math:`\zeta(s)` for the case of ``z=1``.)
```
"""
zeta

doc"""
```rst
``sprand([rng,] m,n,p [,rfn])``

Create a random ``m`` by ``n`` sparse matrix, in which the probability of any element being nonzero is independently given by ``p`` (and hence the mean density of nonzeros is also exactly ``p``). Nonzero values are sampled from the distribution specified by ``rfn``. The uniform distribution is used in case ``rfn`` is not specified. The optional ``rng`` argument specifies a random number generator, see :ref:`Random Numbers <random-numbers>`.
```
"""
sprand

doc"""
```rst
``A_mul_Bt(...)``

Matrix operator A B\ :sup:`T`
```
"""
A_mul_Bt

doc"""
```rst
``vecnorm(A, [p])``

For any iterable container ``A`` (including arrays of any
dimension) of numbers (or any element type for which ``norm`` is
defined), compute the ``p``-norm (defaulting to ``p=2``) as if
``A`` were a vector of the corresponding length.

For example, if ``A`` is a matrix and ``p=2``, then this is equivalent
to the Frobenius norm.
```
"""
vecnorm

doc"""
```rst
``isvalid(value) -> Bool``

Returns true if the given value is valid for its type,
which currently can be one of ``Char``, ``ASCIIString``, ``UTF8String``, ``UTF16String``, or ``UTF32String``

``isvalid(T, value) -> Bool``

Returns true if the given value is valid for that type.
Types currently can be ``Char``, ``ASCIIString``, ``UTF8String``, ``UTF16String``, or ``UTF32String``
Values for ``Char`` can be of type ``Char`` or ``UInt32``
Values for ``ASCIIString`` and ``UTF8String`` can be of that type, or ``Vector{UInt8}``
Values for ``UTF16String`` can be ``UTF16String`` or ``Vector{UInt16}``
Values for ``UTF32String`` can be ``UTF32String``, ``Vector{Char}`` or ``Vector{UInt32}``

``isvalid(str, i)``

Tells whether index ``i`` is valid for the given string
```
"""
isvalid

doc"""
```rst
``esc(e::ANY)``

Only valid in the context of an Expr returned from a macro. Prevents the macro hygiene pass from turning embedded variables into gensym variables. See the :ref:`man-macros`
section of the Metaprogramming chapter of the manual for more details and examples.
```
"""
esc

doc"""
```rst
``bitbroadcast(f, As...)``

Like ``broadcast``, but allocates a ``BitArray`` to store the result, rather then an ``Array``.
```
"""
bitbroadcast

doc"""
```rst
``take(iter, n)``

An iterator that generates at most the first ``n`` elements of ``iter``.
```
"""
take

doc"""
```rst
``combinations(array, n)``

Generate all combinations of ``n`` elements from an indexable
object.  Because the number of combinations can be very large, this
function returns an iterator object. Use
``collect(combinations(array,n))`` to get an array of all combinations.
```
"""
combinations

doc"""
```rst
``frexp(val)``

Return ``(x,exp)`` such that ``x`` has a magnitude in the interval ``[1/2, 1)`` or 0,
and val = :math:`x \times 2^{exp}`.
```
"""
frexp

doc"""
```rst
``sortcols(A, [alg=<algorithm>,] [by=<transform>,] [lt=<comparison>,] [rev=false])``

Sort the columns of matrix ``A`` lexicographically.
```
"""
sortcols

doc"""
```rst
``rsplit(string, [chars]; limit=0, keep=true)``

Similar to ``split``, but starting from the end of the string.
```
"""
rsplit

doc"""
```rst
``trace(M)``

Matrix trace
```
"""
trace

doc"""
```rst
``runtests([tests=["all"] [, numcores=iceil(CPU_CORES/2) ]])``

Run the Julia unit tests listed in ``tests``, which can be either a
string or an array of strings, using ``numcores`` processors. (not exported)
```
"""
runtests

doc"""
```rst
``time_ns()``

Get the time in nanoseconds. The time corresponding to 0 is undefined, and wraps every 5.8 years.
```
"""
time_ns

doc"""
```rst
``exponent(x) -> Int``

Get the exponent of a normalized floating-point number.
```
"""
exponent

doc"""
```rst
``rsearchindex(string, substring, [start])``

Similar to ``rsearch``, but return only the start index at which the substring is found, or 0 if it is not.
```
"""
rsearchindex

doc"""
```rst
``muladd(x, y, z)``

Combined multiply-add, computes ``x*y+z`` in an efficient manner.
This may on some systems be equivalent to ``x*y+z``, or to
``fma(x,y,z)``. ``muladd`` is used to improve performance. See
``fma``.
```
"""
muladd

doc"""
```rst
``unsigned(x) -> Unsigned``

Convert a number to an unsigned integer. If the argument is signed, it is reinterpreted as unsigned without checking for negative values.
```
"""
unsigned

doc"""
```rst
``eigfact(A,[irange,][vl,][vu,][permute=true,][scale=true]) -> Eigen``

Computes the eigenvalue decomposition of ``A``, returning an ``Eigen``
factorization object ``F`` which contains the eigenvalues in ``F[:values]``
and the eigenvectors in the columns of the matrix ``F[:vectors]``.
(The ``k``\ th eigenvector can be obtained from the slice ``F[:vectors][:, k]``.)

The following functions are available for ``Eigen`` objects: ``inv``,
``det``.

If ``A`` is :class:`Symmetric`, :class:`Hermitian` or :class:`SymTridiagonal`,
it is possible to calculate only a subset of the eigenvalues by specifying
either a :class:`UnitRange` ``irange`` covering indices of the sorted
eigenvalues or a pair ``vl`` and ``vu`` for the lower and upper boundaries
of the eigenvalues.

For general nonsymmetric matrices it is possible to specify how the matrix
is balanced before the eigenvector calculation. The option ``permute=true``
permutes the matrix to become closer to upper triangular, and ``scale=true``
scales the matrix by its diagonal elements to make rows and columns more
equal in norm. The default is ``true`` for both options.

``eigfact(A, B) -> GeneralizedEigen``

Computes the generalized eigenvalue decomposition of ``A`` and ``B``,
returning a ``GeneralizedEigen`` factorization object ``F`` which contains
the generalized eigenvalues in ``F[:values]`` and the generalized
eigenvectors in the columns of the matrix ``F[:vectors]``. (The ``k``\ th
generalized eigenvector can be obtained from the slice ``F[:vectors][:,
k]``.)
```
"""
eigfact

doc"""
```rst
``plan_brfft(A, d [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized real-input unnormalized transform, similar to
:func:`plan_rfft` except for :func:`brfft` instead of :func:`rfft`.
The first two arguments and the size of the transformed result, are
the same as for :func:`brfft`.
```
"""
plan_brfft

doc"""
```rst
``rowvals(A)``

Return a vector of the row indices of ``A``, and any modifications to the returned vector will mutate ``A`` as well. Given the internal storage format of sparse matrices, providing access to how the row indices are stored internally can be useful in conjuction with iterating over structural nonzero values. See ``nonzeros(A)`` and ``nzrange(A, col)``.
```
"""
rowvals

doc"""
```rst
``mkdir(path, [mode])``

Make a new directory with name ``path`` and permissions ``mode``.
``mode`` defaults to 0o777, modified by the current file creation mask.
```
"""
mkdir

doc"""
```rst
``bytestring(::Ptr{UInt8}, [length])``

Create a string from the address of a C (0-terminated) string encoded in ASCII or UTF-8. A copy is made; the ptr can be safely freed. If ``length`` is specified, the string does not have to be 0-terminated.

``bytestring(s)``

Convert a string to a contiguous byte array representation appropriate for passing it to C functions. The string will be encoded as either ASCII or UTF-8.
```
"""
bytestring

doc"""
```rst
``midpoints(e)``

Compute the midpoints of the bins with edges ``e``. The result is a
vector/range of length ``length(e) - 1``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
midpoints

doc"""
```rst
``.+(x, y)``

Element-wise addition operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(.+))

doc"""
```rst
``reverseind(v, i)``

Given an index ``i`` in ``reverse(v)``, return the corresponding
index in ``v`` so that ``v[reverseind(v,i)] == reverse(v)[i]``.
(This can be nontrivial in the case where ``v`` is a Unicode string.)
```
"""
reverseind

doc"""
```rst
``nan(f)``

Returns NaN (not-a-number) of the floating point type ``f`` or of the same floating point type as ``f``
```
"""
nan

doc"""
```rst
``float(x)``

Convert a number, array, or string to a ``FloatingPoint`` data type. For numeric data, the smallest suitable ``FloatingPoint`` type is used. Converts strings to ``Float64``.
```
"""
float

doc"""
```rst
``include(path::AbstractString)``

Evaluate the contents of a source file in the current context. During including, a task-local include path is set to the directory containing the file. Nested calls to ``include`` will search relative to that path. All paths refer to files on node 1 when running in parallel, and files will be fetched from node 1. This function is typically used to load source interactively, or to combine files in packages that are broken into multiple source files.
```
"""
include

doc"""
```rst
``randn!([rng], A::Array{Float64,N})``

Fill the array A with normally-distributed (mean 0, standard deviation 1) random numbers. Also see the rand function.
```
"""
randn!

doc"""
```rst
``ldexp(x, n)``

Compute :math:`x \times 2^n`
```
"""
ldexp

doc"""
```rst
``quadgk(f, a,b,c...; reltol=sqrt(eps), abstol=0, maxevals=10^7, order=7, norm=vecnorm)``

Numerically integrate the function ``f(x)`` from ``a`` to ``b``,
and optionally over additional intervals ``b`` to ``c`` and so on.
Keyword options include a relative error tolerance ``reltol`` (defaults
to ``sqrt(eps)`` in the precision of the endpoints), an absolute error
tolerance ``abstol`` (defaults to 0), a maximum number of function
evaluations ``maxevals`` (defaults to ``10^7``), and the ``order``
of the integration rule (defaults to 7).

Returns a pair ``(I,E)`` of the estimated integral ``I`` and an
estimated upper bound on the absolute error ``E``.  If ``maxevals``
is not exceeded then ``E <= max(abstol, reltol*norm(I))`` will hold.
(Note that it is useful to specify a positive ``abstol`` in cases where
``norm(I)`` may be zero.)

The endpoints ``a`` etcetera can also be complex (in which case the
integral is performed over straight-line segments in the complex
plane).  If the endpoints are ``BigFloat``, then the integration
will be performed in ``BigFloat`` precision as well (note: it is
advisable to increase the integration ``order`` in rough proportion
to the precision, for smooth integrands).  More generally, the
precision is set by the precision of the integration endpoints
(promoted to floating-point types).

The integrand ``f(x)`` can return any numeric scalar, vector, or matrix
type, or in fact any type supporting ``+``, ``-``, multiplication
by real values, and a ``norm`` (i.e., any normed vector space).
Alternatively, a different norm can be specified by passing a `norm`-like
function as the `norm` keyword argument (which defaults to `vecnorm`).

[Only one-dimensional integrals are provided by this function.  For
multi-dimensional integration (cubature), there are many different
algorithms (often much better than simple nested 1d integrals)
and the optimal choice tends to be very problem-dependent.  See
the Julia external-package listing for available algorithms for
multidimensional integration or other specialized tasks (such as
integrals of highly oscillatory or singular functions).]

The algorithm is an adaptive Gauss-Kronrod integration technique:
the integral in each interval is estimated using a Kronrod rule
(``2*order+1`` points) and the error is estimated using an embedded
Gauss rule (``order`` points).   The interval with the largest
error is then subdivided into two intervals and the process is repeated
until the desired error tolerance is achieved.

These quadrature rules work best for smooth functions within each
interval, so if your function has a known discontinuity or other
singularity, it is best to subdivide your interval to put the
singularity at an endpoint.  For example, if ``f`` has a discontinuity
at ``x=0.7`` and you want to integrate from 0 to 1, you should use
``quadgk(f, 0,0.7,1)`` to subdivide the interval at the point of
discontinuity.  The integrand is never evaluated exactly at the endpoints
of the intervals, so it is possible to integrate functions that diverge
at the endpoints as long as the singularity is integrable (for example,
a ``log(x)`` or ``1/sqrt(x)`` singularity).

For real-valued endpoints, the starting and/or ending points may be
infinite.  (A coordinate transformation is performed internally to
map the infinite interval to a finite one.)
```
"""
quadgk

doc"""
```rst
``hist(v[, n]) -> e, counts``

Compute the histogram of ``v``, optionally using approximately ``n``
bins. The return values are a range ``e``, which correspond to the
edges of the bins, and ``counts`` containing the number of elements of
``v`` in each bin.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.

``hist(v, e) -> e, counts``

Compute the histogram of ``v`` using a vector/range ``e`` as the edges for
the bins. The result will be a vector of length ``length(e) - 1``, such that the
element at location ``i`` satisfies ``sum(e[i] .< v .<= e[i+1])``.
Note: Julia does not ignore ``NaN`` values in the computation.
```
"""
hist

doc"""
```rst
``islower(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is a lowercase letter, or whether this
is true for all elements of a string.  A character is classified as lowercase
if it belongs to Unicode category Ll, Letter: Lowercase.
```
"""
islower

doc"""
```rst
``nthperm!(v, k)``

In-place version of :func:`nthperm`.
```
"""
nthperm!

doc"""
```rst
``cell(dims)``

Construct an uninitialized cell array (heterogeneous array). ``dims`` can be either a tuple or a series of integer arguments.
```
"""
cell

doc"""
```rst
``readbytes(stream, nb=typemax(Int))``

Read at most ``nb`` bytes from the stream, returning a
``Vector{UInt8}`` of the bytes read.
```
"""
readbytes

doc"""
```rst
``eig(A,[irange,][vl,][vu,][permute=true,][scale=true]) -> D, V``

Computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors of ``A``. See :func:`eigfact` for
details on the ``balance`` keyword argument.

.. doctest::

   julia> eig([1.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 3.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 18.0])
   ([1.0,3.0,18.0],
   3x3 Array{Float64,2}:
    1.0  0.0  0.0
    0.0  1.0  0.0
    0.0  0.0  1.0)

``eig`` is a wrapper around :func:`eigfact`, extracting all parts of the
factorization to a tuple; where possible, using :func:`eigfact` is
recommended.

``eig(A, B) -> D, V``

Computes generalized eigenvalues and vectors of ``A`` with respect to ``B``.

``eig`` is a wrapper around :func:`eigfact`, extracting all parts of the
factorization to a tuple; where possible, using :func:`eigfact` is
recommended.
```
"""
eig

doc"""
```rst
``exp2(x)``

Compute :math:`2^x`
```
"""
exp2

doc"""
```rst
``gcd(x,y)``

Greatest common (positive) divisor (or zero if x and y are both zero).
```
"""
gcd

doc"""
```rst
``signbit(x)``

Returns ``true`` if the value of the sign of ``x`` is negative, otherwise ``false``.
```
"""
signbit

doc"""
```rst
``istaskstarted(task) -> Bool``

Tell whether a task has started executing.
```
"""
istaskstarted

doc"""
```rst
``clamp(x, lo, hi)``

Return x if ``lo <= x <= hi``. If ``x < lo``, return ``lo``. If ``x > hi``, return ``hi``. Arguments are promoted to a common type. Operates elementwise over ``x`` if it is an array.
```
"""
clamp

doc"""
```rst
``plan_dct(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Pre-plan an optimized discrete cosine transform (DCT), similar to
:func:`plan_fft` except producing a function that computes :func:`dct`.
The first two arguments have the same meaning as for :func:`dct`.
```
"""
plan_dct

doc"""
```rst
``cscd(x)``

Compute the cosecant of ``x``, where ``x`` is in degrees
```
"""
cscd

doc"""
```rst
``tryparse(type, str, [base])``

Like ``parse``, but returns a ``Nullable`` of the requested type.
The result will be null if the string does not contain a valid number.
```
"""
tryparse

doc"""
```rst
``lexless(x, y)``

Determine whether ``x`` is lexicographically less than ``y``.
```
"""
lexless

doc"""
```rst
``all!(r, A)``

Test whether all values in ``A`` along the singleton dimensions of ``r`` are true,
and write results to ``r``.
```
"""
all!

doc"""
```rst
``is_assigned_char(c) -> Bool``

Returns true if the given char or integer is an assigned Unicode code point.
```
"""
is_assigned_char

doc"""
```rst
``exit([code])``

Quit (or control-D at the prompt). The default exit code is zero, indicating that the processes completed successfully.
```
"""
exit

doc"""
```rst
``nonzeros(A)``

Return a vector of the structural nonzero values in sparse matrix ``A``. This includes zeros that are explicitly stored in the sparse matrix. The returned vector points directly to the internal nonzero storage of ``A``, and any modifications to the returned vector will mutate ``A`` as well. See ``rowvals(A)`` and ``nzrange(A, col)``.
```
"""
nonzeros

doc"""
```rst
``istext(m::MIME)``

Determine whether a MIME type is text data.
```
"""
istext

doc"""
```rst
``merge!(collection, others...)``

Update collection with pairs from the other collections
```
"""
merge!

doc"""
```rst
``realpath(path::AbstractString) -> AbstractString``

Canonicalize a path by expanding symbolic links and removing "." and ".." entries.
```
"""
realpath

doc"""
```rst
``skipchars(stream, predicate; linecomment::Char)``

Advance the stream until before the first character for which ``predicate`` returns false. For example ``skipchars(stream, isspace)`` will skip all whitespace. If keyword argument ``linecomment`` is specified, characters from that character through the end of a line will also be skipped.
```
"""
skipchars

doc"""
```rst
``realmin(type)``

The smallest in absolute value non-subnormal value representable by the given floating-point type
```
"""
realmin

doc"""
```rst
``union!(s, iterable)``

Union each element of ``iterable`` into set ``s`` in-place.
```
"""
union!

doc"""
```rst
``At_ldiv_B(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`T` \\ B
```
"""
At_ldiv_B

doc"""
```rst
``dot(x, y)``
           ⋅(x,y)

Compute the dot product. For complex vectors, the first vector is conjugated.
```
"""
dot

doc"""
```rst
``cond(M, [p])``

Condition number of the matrix ``M``, computed using the operator ``p``-norm. Valid values for ``p`` are ``1``, ``2`` (default), or ``Inf``.
```
"""
cond

doc"""
```rst
``deepcopy(x)``

Create a deep copy of ``x``: everything is copied recursively, resulting in a fully independent object. For example, deep-copying an array produces a new array whose elements are deep copies of the original elements. Calling `deepcopy` on an object should generally have the same effect as serializing and then deserializing it.

As a special case, functions can only be actually deep-copied if they are anonymous, otherwise they are just copied. The difference is only relevant in the case of closures, i.e. functions which may contain hidden internal references.

While it isn't normally necessary, user-defined types can override the default ``deepcopy`` behavior by defining a specialized version of the function ``deepcopy_internal(x::T, dict::ObjectIdDict)`` (which shouldn't otherwise be used), where ``T`` is the type to be specialized for, and ``dict`` keeps track of objects copied so far within the recursion. Within the definition, ``deepcopy_internal`` should be used in place of ``deepcopy``, and the ``dict`` variable should be updated as appropriate before returning.
```
"""
deepcopy

doc"""
```rst
``widen(type | x)``

If the argument is a type, return a "larger" type (for numeric types, this will be
a type with at least as much range and precision as the argument, and usually more).
Otherwise the argument ``x`` is converted to ``widen(typeof(x))``.

.. doctest::

   julia> widen(Int32)
   Int64

.. doctest::

   julia> widen(1.5f0)
   1.5
```
"""
widen

doc"""
```rst
``@eval``

Evaluate an expression and return the value.
```
"""
@eval

doc"""
```rst
``eval([m::Module], expr::Expr)``

Evaluate an expression in the given module and return the result.
Every module (except those defined with ``baremodule``) has its own 1-argument definition
of ``eval``, which evaluates expressions in that module.
```
"""
eval

doc"""
```rst
``Set([itr])``

Construct a :obj:`Set` of the values generated by the given iterable object, or an empty set.
Should be used instead of :obj:`IntSet` for sparse integer sets, or for sets of arbitrary objects.
```
"""
Set

doc"""
```rst
``erf(x)``

Compute the error function of ``x``, defined by
:math:`\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}} \int_0^x e^{-t^2} dt`
for arbitrary complex ``x``.
```
"""
erf

doc"""
```rst
``lcm(x,y)``

Least common (non-negative) multiple.
```
"""
lcm

doc"""
```rst
``isprint(c::Union{Char,AbstractString}) -> Bool``

Tests whether a character is printable, including spaces, but not a control character. For strings, tests whether this is true for all elements of the string.
```
"""
isprint

doc"""
```rst
``splitdir(path::AbstractString) -> (AbstractString,AbstractString)``

Split a path into a tuple of the directory name and file name.
```
"""
splitdir

doc"""
```rst
``sign(x)``

Return ``+1`` if ``x`` is positive, ``0`` if ``x == 0``, and ``-1`` if ``x`` is negative.
```
"""
sign

doc"""
```rst
``signed(x)``

Convert a number to a signed integer. If the argument is unsigned, it is reinterpreted as signed without checking for overflow.
```
"""
signed

doc"""
```rst
``Val{c}``

Create a "value type" out of ``c``, which must be an ``isbits``
value. The intent of this construct is to be able to dispatch on
constants, e.g., ``f(Val{false})`` allows you to dispatch directly
(at compile-time) to an implementation ``f(::Type{Val{false}})``,
without having to test the boolean value at runtime.
```
"""
Val

doc"""
```rst
``iswritable(path) -> Bool``

Returns ``true`` if the current user has permission to write to ``path``,
``false`` otherwise.
```
"""
iswritable

doc"""
```rst
``|(x, y)``

Bitwise or
```
"""
Base.(:(|))

doc"""
```rst
``yieldto(task, arg = nothing)``

Switch to the given task. The first time a task is switched to, the task's function is called with no arguments. On subsequent switches, ``arg`` is returned from the task's last call to ``yieldto``. This is a low-level call that only switches tasks, not considering states or scheduling in any way. Its use is discouraged.
```
"""
yieldto

doc"""
```rst
``readandwrite(command)``

Starts running a command asynchronously, and returns a tuple (stdout,stdin,process) of the output stream and input stream of the process, and the process object itself.
```
"""
readandwrite

doc"""
```rst
``splitdrive(path::AbstractString) -> (AbstractString,AbstractString)``

On Windows, split a path into the drive letter part and the path part. On Unix
systems, the first component is always the empty string.
```
"""
splitdrive

doc"""
```rst
``pop!(collection, key[, default])``

Delete and return the mapping for ``key`` if it exists in ``collection``, otherwise return ``default``, or throw an error if default is not specified.

``pop!(collection) -> item``

Remove the last item in ``collection`` and return it.

.. doctest::

  julia> A=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  6-element Array{Int64,1}:
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6

  julia> pop!(A)
  6

  julia> A
  5-element Array{Int64,1}:
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
```
"""
pop!

doc"""
```rst
``filter(function, collection)``

Return a copy of ``collection``, removing elements for which ``function`` is false.
For associative collections, the function is passed two arguments (key and value).
```
"""
filter

doc"""
```rst
``plan_idct!(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_idct`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
plan_idct!

doc"""
```rst
``randperm([rng,] n)``

Construct a random permutation of length ``n``. The optional ``rng`` argument
specifies a random number generator, see :ref:`Random Numbers <random-numbers>`.
```
"""
randperm

doc"""
```rst
``seekend(s)``

Seek a stream to its end.
```
"""
seekend

doc"""
```rst
``plan_ifft!(A [, dims [, flags [, timelimit]]])``

Same as :func:`plan_ifft`, but operates in-place on ``A``.
```
"""
plan_ifft!

doc"""
```rst
``DivideError()``

Integer division was attempted with a denominator value of 0.
```
"""
DivideError

doc"""
```rst
``AssertionError([msg])``

The asserted condition did not evalutate to ``true``.
```
"""
AssertionError

doc"""
```rst
``ror(B::BitArray{1}, i::Integer) -> BitArray{1}``

Performs a right rotation operation.
```
"""
ror

doc"""
```rst
``Ac_ldiv_Bc(...)``

Matrix operator A\ :sup:`H` \\ B\ :sup:`H`
```
"""
Ac_ldiv_Bc

doc"""
```rst
``rfft(A [, dims])``

Multidimensional FFT of a real array A, exploiting the fact that
the transform has conjugate symmetry in order to save roughly half
the computational time and storage costs compared with :func:`fft`.
If ``A`` has size ``(n_1, ..., n_d)``, the result has size
``(floor(n_1/2)+1, ..., n_d)``.

The optional ``dims`` argument specifies an iterable subset of one or
more dimensions of ``A`` to transform, similar to :func:`fft`.  Instead
of (roughly) halving the first dimension of ``A`` in the result, the
``dims[1]`` dimension is (roughly) halved in the same way.
```
"""
rfft

doc"""
```rst
``@enum EnumName EnumValue1[=x] EnumValue2[=y]``

Create an :obj:`Enum` type with name ``EnumName`` and enum member values of ``EnumValue1`` and ``EnumValue2`` with optional assigned values of ``x`` and ``y``, respectively. ``EnumName`` can be used just like other types and enum member values as regular values, such as

.. doctest::

   julia> @enum FRUIT apple=1 orange=2 kiwi=3

   julia> f(x::FRUIT) = "I'm a FRUIT with value: $(Int(x))"
   f (generic function with 1 method)

   julia> f(apple)
   "I'm a FRUIT with value: 1"
```
"""
@enum

doc"""
```rst
``asind(x)``

Compute the inverse sine of ``x``, where the output is in degrees
```
"""
asind

doc"""
```rst
``widemul(x, y)``

Multiply ``x`` and ``y``, giving the result as a larger type.
```
"""
widemul

doc"""
```rst
``unsafe_pointer_to_objref(p::Ptr)``

Convert a ``Ptr`` to an object reference. Assumes the pointer refers to a
valid heap-allocated Julia object. If this is not the case, undefined behavior
results, hence this function is considered "unsafe" and should be used with care.
```
"""
unsafe_pointer_to_objref

doc"""
```rst
``chomp(string)``

Remove a trailing newline from a string
```
"""
chomp

doc"""
```rst
``enumerate(iter)``

An iterator that yields ``(i, x)`` where ``i`` is an index starting at 1, and ``x`` is the ``i``\ th value from the given iterator. It's useful when you need not only the values ``x`` over which you are iterating, but also the index ``i`` of the iterations.

.. doctest::

	julia> a = ["a", "b", "c"];

	julia> for (index, value) in enumerate(a)
                println("$index $value")
            end
     1 a
     2 b
     3 c
```
"""
enumerate

doc"""
```rst
``>=(x, y)``
           ≥(x,y)

Greater-than-or-equals comparison operator.
```
"""
Base.(:(>=))

doc"""
```rst
``dawson(x)``

Compute the Dawson function (scaled imaginary error function) of ``x``,
defined by :math:`\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2} e^{-x^2} \operatorname{erfi}(x)`.
```
"""
dawson

doc"""
```rst
``current_task()``

Get the currently running Task.
```
"""
current_task

# Dates

doc"""
```rst
``firstdayofweek(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the Monday of its week.
```
"""
Dates.firstdayofweek

doc"""
```rst
``datetime2unix(dt::DateTime) -> Float64``

Takes the given DateTime and returns the number of seconds since
the unix epoch as a ``Float64``.
```
"""
Dates.datetime2unix

doc"""
```rst
``dayofweekofmonth(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 For the day of week of ``dt``, returns which number it is in ``dt``'s month.
 So if the day of the week of ``dt`` is Monday, then ``1 = First Monday of the month,
 2 = Second Monday of the month, etc.`` In the range 1:5.
```
"""
Dates.dayofweekofmonth

doc"""
```rst
``monthabbr(dt::TimeType; locale="english") -> AbstractString``

Return the abbreviated month name of the Date or DateTime in the given ``locale``.
```
"""
Dates.monthabbr

doc"""
```rst
``datetime2julian(dt::DateTime) -> Float64``

Takes the given DateTime and returns the number of Julian calendar days
since the julian epoch as a ``Float64``.
```
"""
Dates.datetime2julian

doc"""
```rst
``dayabbr(dt::TimeType; locale="english") -> AbstractString``

Return the abbreviated name corresponding to the day of the week
of the Date or DateTime in the given ``locale``.
```
"""
Dates.dayabbr

doc"""
```rst
``DateTime(y, [m, d, h, mi, s, ms]) -> DateTime``

Construct a DateTime type by parts. Arguments must be convertible to
``Int64``.

``DateTime(periods::Period...) -> DateTime``

Constuct a DateTime type by ``Period`` type parts. Arguments may be in any order.
DateTime parts not provided will default to the value of ``Dates.default(period)``.

``DateTime(f::Function, y[, m, d, h, mi, s]; step=Day(1), negate=false, limit=10000) -> DateTime``

 Create a DateTime through the adjuster API. The starting point will be constructed from the
 provided ``y, m, d...`` arguments, and will be adjusted until ``f::Function`` returns true. The step size in
 adjusting can be provided manually through the ``step`` keyword. If ``negate=true``, then the adjusting
 will stop when ``f::Function`` returns false instead of true. ``limit`` provides a limit to
 the max number of iterations the adjustment API will pursue before throwing an error (in the case that ``f::Function``
 is never satisfied).

``DateTime(dt::Date) -> DateTime``

 Converts a ``Date`` type to a ``DateTime``. The hour, minute, second, and millisecond
 parts of the new ``DateTime`` are assumed to be zero.

``DateTime(dt::AbstractString, format::AbstractString; locale="english") -> DateTime``

Construct a DateTime type by parsing the ``dt`` date string following the pattern given in
the ``format`` string. The following codes can be used for constructing format strings:

=============== ========= ===============================================================
Code            Matches    Comment
--------------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
``y``           1996, 96  Returns year of 1996, 0096
``m``           1, 01     Matches 1 or 2-digit months
``u``           Jan       Matches abbreviated months according to the ``locale`` keyword
``U``           January   Matches full month names according to the ``locale`` keyword
``d``           1, 01     Matches 1 or 2-digit days
``H``           00        Matches hours
``M``           00        Matches minutes
``S``           00        Matches seconds
``s``           .500      Matches milliseconds
``e``           Mon, Tues Matches abbreviated days of the week
``E``           Monday    Matches full name days of the week
``yyyymmdd``    19960101  Matches fixed-width year, month, and day
=============== ========= ===============================================================

All characters not listed above are treated as delimiters between date and time slots.
So a ``dt`` string of "1996-01-15T00:00:00.0" would have a ``format`` string
like "y-m-dTH:M:S.s".

``DateTime(dt::AbstractString, df::DateFormat) -> DateTime``

Similar form as above for parsing a ``DateTime``, but passes a ``DateFormat`` object instead of a raw formatting string. It is more efficient if similarly formatted date strings will be parsed repeatedly to first create a ``DateFormat`` object then use this method for parsing.
```
"""
Dates.DateTime

doc"""
```rst
``datetime2rata(dt::TimeType) -> Int64``

Returns the number of Rata Die days since epoch from the
given Date or DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.datetime2rata

doc"""
```rst
``monthname(dt::TimeType; locale="english") -> AbstractString``

Return the full name of the month of the Date or DateTime in the given ``locale``.
```
"""
Dates.monthname

doc"""
```rst
``dayname(dt::TimeType; locale="english") -> AbstractString``

Return the full day name corresponding to the day of the week
of the Date or DateTime in the given ``locale``.
```
"""
Dates.dayname

doc"""
```rst
``Date(y, [m, d]) -> Date``

Construct a ``Date`` type by parts. Arguments must be convertible to
``Int64``.

``Date(period::Period...) -> Date``

Constuct a Date type by ``Period`` type parts. Arguments may be in any order.
Date parts not provided will default to the value of ``Dates.default(period)``.

``Date(f::Function, y[, m]; step=Day(1), negate=false, limit=10000) -> Date``

 Create a Date through the adjuster API. The starting point will be constructed from the
 provided ``y, m`` arguments, and will be adjusted until ``f::Function`` returns true. The step size in
 adjusting can be provided manually through the ``step`` keyword. If ``negate=true``, then the adjusting
 will stop when ``f::Function`` returns false instead of true. ``limit`` provides a limit to
 the max number of iterations the adjustment API will pursue before throwing an error (given that ``f::Function``
 is never satisfied).

``Date(dt::DateTime) -> Date``

 Converts a ``DateTime`` type to a ``Date``. The hour, minute, second, and millisecond
 parts of the ``DateTime`` are truncated, so only the year, month and day parts are used in construction.

``Date(dt::AbstractString, format::AbstractString; locale="english") -> Date``

Construct a Date type by parsing a ``dt`` date string following the pattern given in
the ``format`` string. Follows the same conventions as ``DateTime`` above.

``Date(dt::AbstractString, df::DateFormat) -> Date``

Parse a date from a date string ``dt`` using a ``DateFormat`` object ``df``.
```
"""
Dates.Date

doc"""
```rst
``firstdayofmonth(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the first day of its month.
```
"""
Dates.firstdayofmonth

doc"""
```rst
``tonext(dt::TimeType,dow::Int;same::Bool=false) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the next day of week corresponding to ``dow`` with
 ``1 = Monday, 2 = Tuesday, etc``. Setting ``same=true`` allows the current
 ``dt`` to be considered as the next ``dow``, allowing for no adjustment to occur.

``tonext(func::Function,dt::TimeType;step=Day(1),negate=false,limit=10000,same=false) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` by iterating at most ``limit`` iterations by ``step`` increments until
 ``func`` returns true. ``func`` must take a single ``TimeType`` argument and return a ``Bool``.
 ``same`` allows ``dt`` to be considered in satisfying ``func``. ``negate`` will make the adjustment
 process terminate when ``func`` returns false instead of true.
```
"""
Dates.tonext

doc"""
```rst
``dayofyear(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 Returns the day of the year for ``dt`` with January 1st being day 1.
```
"""
Dates.dayofyear

doc"""
```rst
``tolast(dt::TimeType,dow::Int;of=Month) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the last ``dow`` of its month. Alternatively, ``of=Year``
 will adjust to the last ``dow`` of the year.
```
"""
Dates.tolast

doc"""
```rst
``firstdayofquarter(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the first day of its quarter.
```
"""
Dates.firstdayofquarter

doc"""
```rst
``julian2datetime(julian_days) -> DateTime``

Takes the number of Julian calendar days since epoch
``-4713-11-24T12:00:00`` and returns the corresponding DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.julian2datetime

doc"""
```rst
``year(dt::TimeType) -> Int64``
           month(dt::TimeType) -> Int64
           week(dt::TimeType) -> Int64
           day(dt::TimeType) -> Int64
           hour(dt::TimeType) -> Int64
           minute(dt::TimeType) -> Int64
           second(dt::TimeType) -> Int64
           millisecond(dt::TimeType) -> Int64

Return the field part of a Date or DateTime as an ``Int64``.
```
"""
Dates.year

doc"""
```rst
``toprev(dt::TimeType,dow::Int;same::Bool=false) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the previous day of week corresponding to ``dow`` with
 ``1 = Monday, 2 = Tuesday, etc``. Setting ``same=true`` allows the current
 ``dt`` to be considered as the previous ``dow``, allowing for no adjustment to occur.

``toprev(func::Function,dt::TimeType;step=Day(-1),negate=false,limit=10000,same=false) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` by iterating at most ``limit`` iterations by ``step`` increments until
 ``func`` returns true. ``func`` must take a single ``TimeType`` argument and return a ``Bool``.
 ``same`` allows ``dt`` to be considered in satisfying ``func``. ``negate`` will make the adjustment
 process terminate when ``func`` returns false instead of true.
```
"""
Dates.toprev

doc"""
```rst
``daysinyear(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 Returns 366 if the year of ``dt`` is a leap year, otherwise returns 365.
```
"""
Dates.daysinyear

doc"""
```rst
``trunc(dt::TimeType, ::Type{Period}) -> TimeType``

 Truncates the value of ``dt`` according to the provided ``Period`` type.
 E.g. if ``dt`` is ``1996-01-01T12:30:00``, then ``trunc(dt,Day) == 1996-01-01T00:00:00``.
```
"""
Dates.trunc

doc"""
```rst
``daysinmonth(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 Returns the number of days in the month of ``dt``. Value will be 28, 29, 30, or 31.
```
"""
Dates.daysinmonth

doc"""
```rst
``yearmonth(dt::TimeType) -> (Int64, Int64)``

 Simultaneously return the year and month parts of a Date or DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.yearmonth

doc"""
```rst
``daysofweekinmonth(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 For the day of week of ``dt``, returns the total number of that day of the week
 in ``dt``'s month. Returns 4 or 5. Useful in temporal expressions for specifying
 the last day of a week in a month by including ``dayofweekofmonth(dt) == daysofweekinmonth(dt)``
 in the adjuster function.
```
"""
Dates.daysofweekinmonth

doc"""
```rst
``yearmonthday(dt::TimeType) -> (Int64, Int64, Int64)``

 Simultaneously return the year, month, and day parts of a Date or DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.yearmonthday

doc"""
```rst
``Dates.DateFormat(format::AbstractString) -> DateFormat``

Construct a date formatting object that can be passed repeatedly for parsing similarly formatted date strings. ``format`` is a format string in the form described above (e.g. ``"yyyy-mm-dd"``).
```
"""
Dates.Dates.DateFormat

doc"""
```rst
``lastdayofweek(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the Sunday of its week.
```
"""
Dates.lastdayofweek

doc"""
```rst
``recur{T<:TimeType}(func::Function,dr::StepRange{T};negate=false,limit=10000) -> Vector{T}``

 ``func`` takes a single TimeType argument and returns a ``Bool`` indicating whether the input
 should be "included" in the final set. ``recur`` applies ``func`` over each element in the
 range of ``dr``, including those elements for which ``func`` returns ``true`` in the resulting
 Array, unless ``negate=true``, then only elements where ``func`` returns ``false`` are included.
```
"""
Dates.recur

doc"""
```rst
``monthday(dt::TimeType) -> (Int64, Int64)``

 Simultaneously return the month and day parts of a Date or DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.monthday

doc"""
```rst
``default(p::Period) -> Period``

 Returns a sensible "default" value for the input Period by returning
 ``one(p)`` for Year, Month, and Day, and ``zero(p)`` for Hour, Minute,
 Second, and Millisecond.
```
"""
Dates.default

doc"""
```rst
``unix2datetime(x) -> DateTime``

Takes the number of seconds since unix epoch ``1970-01-01T00:00:00``
and converts to the corresponding DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.unix2datetime

doc"""
```rst
``eps(::DateTime) -> Millisecond``
           eps(::Date) -> Day

Returns ``Millisecond(1)`` for ``DateTime`` values and ``Day(1)`` for ``Date`` values.
```
"""
Dates.eps

doc"""
```rst
``firstdayofyear(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the first day of its year.
```
"""
Dates.firstdayofyear

doc"""
```rst
``rata2datetime(days) -> DateTime``

Takes the number of Rata Die days since epoch ``0000-12-31T00:00:00``
and returns the corresponding DateTime.
```
"""
Dates.rata2datetime

doc"""
```rst
``now() -> DateTime``

Returns a DateTime corresponding to the user's system
time including the system timezone locale.

``now(::Type{UTC}) -> DateTime``

Returns a DateTime corresponding to the user's system
time as UTC/GMT.
```
"""
Dates.now

doc"""
```rst
``isleapyear(dt::TimeType) -> Bool``

 Returns true if the year of ``dt`` is a leap year.
```
"""
Dates.isleapyear

doc"""
```rst
``today() -> Date``

 Returns the date portion of ``now()``.
```
"""
Dates.today

doc"""
```rst
``lastdayofyear(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the last day of its year.
```
"""
Dates.lastdayofyear

doc"""
```rst
``tofirst(dt::TimeType,dow::Int;of=Month) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the first ``dow`` of its month. Alternatively, ``of=Year``
 will adjust to the first ``dow`` of the year.
```
"""
Dates.tofirst

doc"""
```rst
``lastdayofmonth(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the last day of its month.
```
"""
Dates.lastdayofmonth

doc"""
```rst
``dayofweek(dt::TimeType) -> Int64``

 Returns the day of the week as an ``Int64`` with ``1 = Monday, 2 = Tuesday, etc.``.
```
"""
Dates.dayofweek

doc"""
```rst
``Year(dt::TimeType) -> Year``
           Month(dt::TimeType) -> Month
           Week(dt::TimeType) -> Week
           Day(dt::TimeType) -> Day
           Hour(dt::TimeType) -> Hour
           Minute(dt::TimeType) -> Minute
           Second(dt::TimeType) -> Second
           Millisecond(dt::TimeType) -> Millisecond

Return the field part of a Date or DateTime as a ``Period`` type.

``Year(v)``
           Month(v)
           Week(v)
           Day(v)
           Hour(v)
           Minute(v)
           Second(v)
           Millisecond(v)

Construct a ``Period`` type with the given ``v`` value.
Input must be losslessly convertible to an ``Int64``.
```
"""
Dates.Year

doc"""
```rst
``quarterofyear(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 Returns the quarter that ``dt`` resides in. Range of value is 1:4.
```
"""
Dates.quarterofyear

doc"""
```rst
``dayofquarter(dt::TimeType) -> Int``

 Returns the day of the current quarter of ``dt``. Range of value is 1:92.
```
"""
Dates.dayofquarter

doc"""
```rst
``lastdayofquarter(dt::TimeType) -> TimeType``

 Adjusts ``dt`` to the last day of its quarter.
```
"""
Dates.lastdayofquarter

# Base.Pkg

doc"""
```rst
``build()``

Run the build scripts for all installed packages in depth-first recursive order.

``build(pkgs...)``

Run the build script in "deps/build.jl" for each package in ``pkgs`` and all of their dependencies in depth-first recursive order.
This is called automatically by ``Pkg.resolve()`` on all installed or updated packages.
```
"""
Pkg.build

doc"""
```rst
``init(meta::AbstractString=DEFAULT_META, branch::AbstractString=META_BRANCH)``

Initialize ``Pkg.dir()`` as a package directory.
This will be done automatically when the ``JULIA_PKGDIR`` is not set and ``Pkg.dir()`` uses its default value.
As part of this process, clones a local METADATA git repository from the site and branch specified by its arguments, which
are typically not provided.  Explicit (non-default) arguments can be used to support a custom METADATA setup.
```
"""
Pkg.init

doc"""
```rst
``publish()``

For each new package version tagged in ``METADATA`` not already published, make sure that the tagged package commits have been pushed to the repo at the registered URL for the package and if they all have, open a pull request to ``METADATA``.
```
"""
Pkg.publish

doc"""
```rst
``pin(pkg)``

Pin ``pkg`` at the current version.
To go back to using the newest compatible released version, use ``Pkg.free(pkg)``

``pin(pkg, version)``

Pin ``pkg`` at registered version ``version``.
```
"""
Pkg.pin

doc"""
```rst
``resolve()``

Determines an optimal, consistent set of package versions to install or upgrade to.
The optimal set of package versions is based on the contents of ``Pkg.dir("REQUIRE")`` and the state of installed packages in ``Pkg.dir()``,
Packages that are no longer required are moved into ``Pkg.dir(".trash")``.
```
"""
Pkg.resolve

doc"""
```rst
``available() -> Vector{ASCIIString}``

Returns the names of available packages.

``available(pkg) -> Vector{VersionNumber}``

Returns the version numbers available for package ``pkg``.
```
"""
Pkg.available

doc"""
```rst
``register(pkg, [url])``

Register ``pkg`` at the git URL ``url``, defaulting to the configured origin URL of the git repo ``Pkg.dir(pkg)``.
```
"""
Pkg.register

doc"""
```rst
``rm(pkg)``

Remove all requirement entries for ``pkg`` from ``Pkg.dir("REQUIRE")`` and call ``Pkg.resolve()``.
```
"""
Pkg.rm

doc"""
```rst
``free(pkg)``

Free the package ``pkg`` to be managed by the package manager again.
It calls ``Pkg.resolve()`` to determine optimal package versions after.
This is an inverse for both ``Pkg.checkout`` and ``Pkg.pin``.

You can also supply an iterable collection of package names, e.g.,
``Pkg.free(("Pkg1", "Pkg2"))`` to free multiple packages at once.
```
"""
Pkg.free

doc"""
```rst
``status()``

Prints out a summary of what packages are installed and what version and state they're in.
```
"""
Pkg.status

doc"""
```rst
``edit()``

Opens ``Pkg.dir("REQUIRE")`` in the editor specified by the ``VISUAL`` or ``EDITOR`` environment variables;
when the editor command returns, it runs ``Pkg.resolve()`` to determine and install a new optimal set of installed package versions.
```
"""
Pkg.edit

doc"""
```rst
``clone(url, [pkg])``

Clone a package directly from the git URL ``url``.
The package does not need to be a registered in ``Pkg.dir("METADATA")``.
The package repo is cloned by the name ``pkg`` if provided;
if not provided, ``pkg`` is determined automatically from ``url``.

``clone(pkg)``

If ``pkg`` has a URL registered in ``Pkg.dir("METADATA")``, clone it from that URL on the default branch.
The package does not need to have any registered versions.
```
"""
Pkg.clone

doc"""
```rst
``checkout(pkg, [branch="master"])``

Checkout the ``Pkg.dir(pkg)`` repo to the branch ``branch``.
Defaults to checking out the "master" branch.
To go back to using the newest compatible released version, use ``Pkg.free(pkg)``
```
"""
Pkg.checkout

doc"""
```rst
``update()``

Update package the metadata repo – kept in ``Pkg.dir("METADATA")`` – then update any fixed packages that can safely be pulled from their origin;
then call ``Pkg.resolve()`` to determine a new optimal set of packages versions.
```
"""
Pkg.update

doc"""
```rst
``add(pkg, vers...)``

Add a requirement entry for ``pkg`` to ``Pkg.dir("REQUIRE")`` and call ``Pkg.resolve()``.
If ``vers`` are given, they must be ``VersionNumber`` objects and they specify acceptable version intervals for ``pkg``.
```
"""
Pkg.add

doc"""
```rst
``tag(pkg, [ver, [commit]])``

Tag ``commit`` as version ``ver`` of package ``pkg`` and create a version entry in ``METADATA``.
If not provided, ``commit`` defaults to the current commit of the ``pkg`` repo.
If ``ver`` is one of the symbols ``:patch``, ``:minor``, ``:major`` the next patch, minor or major version is used.
If ``ver`` is not provided, it defaults to ``:patch``.
```
"""
Pkg.tag

doc"""
```rst
``test()``

Run the tests for all installed packages ensuring that each package's test dependencies are installed for the duration of the test. A package is tested by running its ``test/runtests.jl`` file and test dependencies are specified in ``test/REQUIRE``.

``test(pkgs...)``

Run the tests for each package in ``pkgs`` ensuring that each package's test dependencies are installed for the duration of the test. A package is tested by running its ``test/runtests.jl`` file and test dependencies are specified in ``test/REQUIRE``.
```
"""
Pkg.test

doc"""
```rst
``generate(pkg,license)``

Generate a new package named ``pkg`` with one of these license keys: ``"MIT"``, ``"BSD"`` or ``"ASL"``.
If you want to make a package with a different license, you can edit it afterwards.
Generate creates a git repo at ``Pkg.dir(pkg)`` for the package and inside it ``LICENSE.md``, ``README.md``, the julia entrypoint ``$pkg/src/$pkg.jl``, and a travis test file, ``.travis.yml``.
```
"""
Pkg.generate

doc"""
```rst
``dir() -> AbstractString``

Returns the absolute path of the package directory.
This defaults to ``joinpath(homedir(),".julia","v$(VERSION.major).$(VERSION.minor)")`` on all platforms
(i.e. ``~/.julia/v0.4`` in UNIX shell syntax).  If the ``JULIA_PKGDIR`` environment variable is set, then
that path is used in the returned value as ``joinpath(ENV["JULIA_PKGDIR"],"v$(VERSION.major).$(VERSION.minor)")``.
If ``JULIA_PKGDIR`` is a relative path, it is interpreted relative to whatever the current working directory is.

``dir(names...) -> AbstractString``

Equivalent to ``normpath(Pkg.dir(),names...)`` – i.e. it appends path components to the package directory and normalizes the resulting path.
In particular, ``Pkg.dir(pkg)`` returns the path to the package ``pkg``.
```
"""
Pkg.dir

doc"""
```rst
``installed() -> Dict{ASCIIString,VersionNumber}``

Returns a dictionary mapping installed package names to the installed version number of each package.

``installed(pkg) -> Void | VersionNumber``

If ``pkg`` is installed, return the installed version number, otherwise return ``nothing``.
```
"""
Pkg.installed