## 题目地址 https://leetcode.com/problems/evaluate-reverse-polish-notation/description/ ## 题目描述 ``` Evaluate the value of an arithmetic expression in Reverse Polish Notation. Valid operators are +, -, *, /. Each operand may be an integer or another expression. Note: Division between two integers should truncate toward zero. The given RPN expression is always valid. That means the expression would always evaluate to a result and there won't be any divide by zero operation. ``` ## 思路 逆波兰表达式又叫做后缀表达式。在通常的表达式中,二元运算符总是置于与之相关的两个运算对象之间,这种表示法也称为`中缀表示`。 波兰逻辑学家J.Lukasiewicz于1929年提出了另一种表示表达式的方法,按此方法,每一运算符都置于其运算对象之后,故称为`后缀表示`。 > 逆波兰表达式是一种十分有用的表达式,它将复杂表达式转换为可以依靠简单的操作得到计算结果的表达式。例如(a+b)*(c+d)转换为ab+cd+* ## 关键点 1. 栈的基本用法 2. 如果你用的是JS的话,需要注意/ 和 其他很多语言是不一样的 3. 如果你用的是JS的话,需要先将字符串转化为数字。否则有很多意想不到的结果 4. 操作符的顺序应该是 先出栈的是第二位,后出栈的是第一位。 这在不符合交换律的操作中很重要, 比如减法和除法。 ## 代码 ```js /* * @lc app=leetcode id=150 lang=javascript * * [150] Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation * * https://leetcode.com/problems/evaluate-reverse-polish-notation/description/ * * algorithms * Medium (31.43%) * Total Accepted: 153.3K * Total Submissions: 485.8K * Testcase Example: '["2","1","+","3","*"]' * * Evaluate the value of an arithmetic expression in Reverse Polish Notation. * * Valid operators are +, -, *, /. Each operand may be an integer or another * expression. * * Note: * * * Division between two integers should truncate toward zero. * The given RPN expression is always valid. That means the expression would * always evaluate to a result and there won't be any divide by zero * operation. * * * Example 1: * * * Input: ["2", "1", "+", "3", "*"] * Output: 9 * Explanation: ((2 + 1) * 3) = 9 * * * Example 2: * * * Input: ["4", "13", "5", "/", "+"] * Output: 6 * Explanation: (4 + (13 / 5)) = 6 * * * Example 3: * * * Input: ["10", "6", "9", "3", "+", "-11", "*", "/", "*", "17", "+", "5", "+"] * Output: 22 * Explanation: * ⁠ ((10 * (6 / ((9 + 3) * -11))) + 17) + 5 * = ((10 * (6 / (12 * -11))) + 17) + 5 * = ((10 * (6 / -132)) + 17) + 5 * = ((10 * 0) + 17) + 5 * = (0 + 17) + 5 * = 17 + 5 * = 22 * * */ /** * @param {string[]} tokens * @return {number} */ var evalRPN = function(tokens) { // 这种算法的前提是 tokens是有效的, // 当然这由算法来保证 const stack = []; for (let index = 0; index < tokens.length; index++) { const token = tokens[index]; // 对于运算数, 我们直接入栈 if (!Number.isNaN(Number(token))) { stack.push(token); } else { // 遇到操作符,我们直接大胆运算,不用考虑算术优先级 // 然后将运算结果入栈即可 // 当然如果题目进一步扩展,允许使用单目等其他运算符,我们的算法需要做微小的调整 const a = Number(stack.pop()); const b = Number(stack.pop()); if (token === "*") { stack.push(b * a); } else if (token === "/") { stack.push(b / a >> 0); } else if (token === "+") { stack.push(b + a); } else if (token === "-") { stack.push(b - a); } } } return stack.pop(); }; ``` ## 扩展 逆波兰表达式中只改变运算符的顺序,并不会改变操作数的相对顺序,这是一个重要的性质。 另外逆波兰表达式完全不关心操作符的优先级,这在中缀表达式中是做不到的,这很有趣,感兴趣的可以私下查找资料研究下为什么会这样。