## 题目地址 https://leetcode.com/problems/rotate-image/description/ ## 题目描述 ``` You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image. Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise). Note: You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation. Example 1: Given input matrix = [ [1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9] ], rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes: [ [7,4,1], [8,5,2], [9,6,3] ] Example 2: Given input matrix = [ [ 5, 1, 9,11], [ 2, 4, 8,10], [13, 3, 6, 7], [15,14,12,16] ], rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes: [ [15,13, 2, 5], [14, 3, 4, 1], [12, 6, 8, 9], [16, 7,10,11] ] ``` ## 思路 这道题目让我们 in-place,也就说空间复杂度要求 O(1),如果没有这个限制的话,很简单。 通过观察发现,我们只需要将第 i 行变成第 n - i - 1 列, 因此我们只需要保存一个原有矩阵,然后按照这个规律一个个更新即可。 ![48.rotate-image-1](../assets/problems/48.rotate-image-1.png) 代码: ```js var rotate = function(matrix) { // 时间复杂度O(n^2) 空间复杂度O(n) const oMatrix = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(matrix)); // clone const n = oMatrix.length; for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) { matrix[j][n - i - 1] = oMatrix[i][j]; } } }; ``` 如果要求空间复杂度是O(1)的话,我们可以用一个temp记录即可,这个时候就不能逐个遍历了。 比如遍历到1的时候,我们把1存到temp,然后更新1的值为7。 1被换到了3的位置,我们再将3存到temp,依次类推。 但是这种解法写起来比较麻烦,这里我就不写了。 事实上有一个更加巧妙的做法,我们可以巧妙地利用对称轴旋转达到我们的目的,如图,我们先进行一次以对角线为轴的翻转,然后 再进行一次以水平轴心线为轴的翻转即可。 ![48.rotate-image-2](../assets/problems/48.rotate-image-2.png) 这种做法的时间复杂度是O(n^2) ,空间复杂度是O(1) ## 关键点解析 - 矩阵旋转操作 ## 代码 * 语言支持: Javascript,Python3 ```js /* * @lc app=leetcode id=48 lang=javascript * * [48] Rotate Image */ /** * @param {number[][]} matrix * @return {void} Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead. */ var rotate = function(matrix) { // 时间复杂度O(n^2) 空间复杂度O(1) // 做法: 先沿着对角线翻转,然后沿着水平线翻转 const n = matrix.length; function swap(arr, [i, j], [m, n]) { const temp = arr[i][j]; arr[i][j] = arr[m][n]; arr[m][n] = temp; } for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { for (let j = 0; j < n - i; j++) { swap(matrix, [i, j], [n - j - 1, n - i - 1]); } } for (let i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) { for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) { swap(matrix, [i, j], [n - i - 1, j]); } } }; ``` Python3 Code: ```Python class Solution: def rotate(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> None: """ Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead. 先做矩阵转置(即沿着对角线翻转),然后每个列表翻转; """ n = len(matrix) for i in range(n): for j in range(i, n): matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i] = matrix[j][i], matrix[i][j] for m in matrix: m.reverse() def rotate2(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> None: """ Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead. 通过内置函数zip,可以简单实现矩阵转置,下面的代码等于先整体翻转,后转置; 不过这种写法的空间复杂度其实是O(n); """ matrix[:] = map(list, zip(*matrix[::-1])) ```