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Using USB sticks in virtual machines

In virtual machines, e.g. Proxmox or on Synology, further configuration is necessary to run Z-Wave USB sticks. For this purpose udev rules have to be created. For this purpose there is a helper script which can be executed as follows:

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AlCalzone/ioBroker.zwave2/master/docs/udev.sh | bash -s -- /pfad/to/usbstick /pfad/in/the/vm

/path/to/usbstick is the absolute path to the USB stick (/dev/serial/by-id/...). /path/in/vm is the path where the USB stick should be accessed in the virtual machine, e.g. /dev/zwave. This one is entered in the adapter.

The script prints a line with the new udev rule at the end, which looks something like this:

SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="10c4", ATTRS{idProduct}=="ea60", SYMLINK+="/dev/zwave", MODE="0666"

How to proceed depends on the VM used.

Synology (VM, not Docker)

→ see also https://community.openhab.org/t/synology-usb-configuration-udev-rules/2175/4

Here it may be necessary to add the user group that should have access later to the rule. For example, to give access to the group users, add , GROUP="users" to the rule:

SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="10c4", ATTRS{idProduct}=="ea60", SYMLINK+="/dev/zwave", MODE="0666", GROUP="users"

Then create the file:

nano /lib/udev/rules.d/50-usb-zwave.rules

and insert the above rule. Save with CTRL+X followed by Y.

Proxmox/LXC

→ see also https://drozmotix.github.io/languages/en/BasicSetup/03.ProxmoxLXC.html#_3-mount-usb-devices

Create the rule

First you have to give the group users access to the USB stick, for this add , GROUP="users" to the rule:

SUBSYSTEM=="tty", ATTRS{idVendor}=="10c4", ATTRS{idProduct}=="ea60", SYMLINK+="/dev/zwave", MODE="0666", GROUP="users"

Then create the file:

nano /etc/udev/rules.d/50-usb-zwave.rules

and insert the above rule. Save with CTRL+X followed by Y.

Reload the configuration and check if the new path (here /dev/zwave) shows up:

udevadm control --reload
ls -l /dev/

a reboot of Proxmox may be necessary.

Integrate device into LXC

Now determine the ACL ID.

ls -l /dev/zwave

gives an output similar to

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Oct 12 23:55 /dev/zwave -> ...

The ACL ID can be found between the user group root and the date, so here 7.

Open the LXC configuration

nano /etc/pve/lxc/XXX.conf

and insert the following lines, replacing 7 with the number from the previous step if necessary and /dev/zwave with the actual path.

Proxmox v7 and newer:

lxc.cgroup2.devices.allow: c 7:* rwm
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/zwave dev/zwave none bind,optional,create=file

Older versions:

lxc.cgroup.devices.allow: c 7:* rwm
lxc.mount.entry: /dev/zwave dev/zwave none bind,optional,create=file