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{{Short description|Chilean naval officer}}
[[Image:Piloto Pardo 361a.jpeg|right]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
'''Luis Pardo Villalón''' (born [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[Chile]], [[20 September]] [[1882]]—died [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], [[21 February]] [[1935]]) was the captain of the Chilean steam tug ''Yelcho'' which rescued the 22 stranded crewmen of Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]]'s ship ''[[Endurance (1912 ship)|Endurance]]'' from [[Elephant Island]], [[Antarctica]], in August 1916. In Chile he is frequently referred to by his rank, "Piloto Pardo", and is considered a national naval hero.
{{family name hatnote|Pardo|Villalón|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox military person
|width_style = person
|name = Luis Pardo
|image = Piloto Pardo.jpeg
⚫
|birth_name = Luis Alberto Pardo Villalón
|birth_date = {{birth date|1882|09|20|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Santiago]], Chile
|death_date = {{dda|1935|02|21|1882|09|20|df=y}}
|death_place = Santiago, Chile
|branch_label = Branch
|branch = {{navy|Chile}}
|serviceyears_label = Service years
|serviceyears = 1900–1919
|rank = Senior lieutenant
}}


'''Luis Alberto Pardo Villalón''' (20 September 1882 – 21 February 1935) was a [[Chilean Navy]] officer who, in August 1916, commanded the steam tug {{ship||Yelcho|1906|2}} to rescue the 22 stranded crewmen of Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]]'s ship, {{ship||Endurance|1912 ship|2}}, part of the [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]. The crewmen were stranded on [[Elephant Island]], an ice-covered mountainous island off the coast of [[Antarctica]] in the outer reaches of the [[South Shetland Islands]], in the [[Southern Ocean]].
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==Early life==
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Captain Pardo entered the Chilean Naval Pilot's School in July 1900, and joined the Chilean Navy as a Pilot 3rd Class in June 1906. He was promoted to Pilot 2nd class in September 1910, and assigned to the Magallanes Naval Base in southern Chile as captain of the steam tug ''Yelcho''.


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== Early life ==
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==Rescue of the Shackleton expedition==
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Pardo entered the Chilean Naval Pilot's School in July 1900, and joined the Chilean Navy as a pilot third class in June 1906. He was promoted to pilot second class in September 1910, and assigned to the Magallanes Naval Base in southern Chile as captain of the steam tug ''Yelcho''.
During the ill-fated [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]], Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship ''Endurance'' became trapped in the ice of the [[Weddell Sea]], in January of 1915. Nine months later the ''Endurance'' was crushed by the ice and sank on 27 October 1915. Shackleton and his crew of 27 made their way by foot, sledge and lifeboats to Elephant Island in the [[South Shetland Islands]] at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula facing South America. On 24 April 1916 Shackleton and five of his men began an epic 800-mile open-boat voyage to the Island of [[South Georgia]], leaving the remaining 22 men behind on Elephant Island while he sought help to rescue them. After three frustrated attempts to rescue the Elephant Island group, Shackleton persuaded the Chilean Government to provide the ''Yelcho'' (a 36.5 meter steam tug) under Captain Pardo. With Shackleton aboard the ''Yelcho'' sailed on 25 August from [[Punta Arenas]], on the [[Strait of Magellan]]. By now the Antarctic winter was at its height, and ice conditions were difficult as the ''Yelcho'' neared Elephant Island. On 30 August 1916 the 22 men on Elephant Island were indeed rescued and the ''Yelcho'' returned to Punta Arenas on 3 September 1916 to an enthusiastic reception from the population of the city as well as Chilean Naval authorities.


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== Rescue of Shackleton's crew ==
===After the rescue===
During the ill-fated [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]], Sir [[Ernest Shackleton]]'s ship {{ship||Endurance|1912 ship|2}} became trapped in the ice of the [[Weddell Sea]] in January 1915. On 27 October, nine months later, the ship was crushed by the ice and sank. Shackleton and his crew of 28 made their way by foot, sledge and lifeboats to [[Elephant Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]] at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula facing South America.
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Captain Pardo was given a hero's welcome and immediately promoted to Pilot 1st class and given several civilian medals and naval honors, including credit for ten years of service for his rescue feat. He retired from the Navy in 1919. The British government authorized a large monetary award, which he turned down, stating that he was simply fulfilling a mission assigned to him by the [[Chilean Navy]]. He was later named Chilean consul in Liverpool. He died on 21 February 1935, at age 54.


[[File:Yelcho.jpg|thumb|left|{{ship||Yelcho|1906|2}} three years earlier, {{circa|1913}}]]
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[[Pardo Ridge]], the highest portion of Elephant Island, was named after him, and a cape on the northern tip of the Island was given the name Yelcho. The bow of the ''Yelcho'' is on display at [[Puerto Williams]], a Chilean Naval base on the [[Beagle Channel]], and a bust of Captain Pardo has been placed at the site of the ''Endurance'' crew's camp on Elephant Island.
On 24 April 1916, Shackleton and five of his men began an epic {{convert|800|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Voyage of the James Caird|open-boat voyage]] to the Island of [[South Georgia Island|South Georgia]], leaving the remaining 22 men behind on Elephant Island while he sought help to rescue them. After three futile attempts using the ships ''Southern Sky'' (loaned by the English Whaling Co, 23–31 May 1916), the ship ''Instituto de Pesca N°1'' (loaned by the Government of Uruguay, 10–16 June 1916) and ''Emma'' (a sealer, funded by the British Club, Punta Arenas, 12 July – 8 August 1916) to rescue the men left on Elephant Island, the {{ship||Yelcho|1906|2}}—a {{convert|36.5|m|ft|adj=on}} steam tug commanded by Pardo was authorised by the president of Chile, [[Juan Luis Sanfuentes]], to escort and tow ''Emma''. When the third attempt with Emma failed, the Chilean Government decided to send ''Yelcho'' alone, although it was totally unsuitable for Antarctic conditions, lacking proper heating, radio and double hull.


With Shackleton aboard, on 25 August, Pardo sailed from [[Punta Arenas]] on the [[Strait of Magellan]]. By now the Antarctic winter was at its height and ice conditions were difficult as the ''Yelcho'' neared Elephant Island, and on 30 August, the 22 men were rescued. They arrived back in Punta Arenas on 3 September to a hero's welcome. Pardo was immediately promoted to pilot first class and given several civilian medals and naval honours, and credit for ten years of service for his rescue feat.
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===References===

*''Antarctica''. Sydney: Reader's Digest, 1985.
== Later life ==
⚫
*Child, Jack. ''Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum''. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988.
[[Image:Yelcho Puerto Williams.jpg|thumb|left|Honorary plaque in [[Puerto Williams]]]]
*Chile, Museo Naval, ''Guía al Museo''. Valparaiso: El Museo Naval, 2004.
⚫
Pardo retired from the Navy in 1919. The British government authorized a large monetary award, which he turned down, stating that he was simply fulfilling a mission assigned to him by the [[Chilean Navy]].
⚫
*Mericq, Luis. ''Antarctica: Chile's Claim''. Washington: National Defense University, 1987.

*Pinochet de la Barra, Oscar. ''La Antartica Chilena''. Santiago: Editorial Andrés Bello, 1976.
In 1930, he was appointed Chilean consul at [[Liverpool]], where he served until 1934.<ref name=Tower>{{cite web|title=Chilean Consul – Luis Alberto Pardo Villalon|url=https://www.towerbuilding.co.uk/a-brief-history-of-tower-building/chilean-consul-luis-alberto-pardo-villalon/|publisher=Tower Building Residents Association|access-date=2017-07-16|df=dmy-all|location=Liverpool}}</ref> He died of [[bronchopneumonia]] on {{nowr|21 February 1935}}, aged&nbsp;52.<ref name="Tower" />

== Legacy ==
[[File:Luis Pardo Memorial.jpg|thumb|right|Memorial to Luis Pardo at the International Maritime Organization]]
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[[Pardo Ridge]], the highest portion of Elephant Island, was named after him, and a cape on the northern tip of the Island was given the name Yelcho. The bow of the ''Yelcho'' is on display at [[Puerto Williams]], a Chilean naval base on the [[Beagle Channel]], and a bust of Captain Pardo has been placed at the site of the ''Endurance'' crew's camp on Elephant Island.

Pardo has a memorial statue and plaque in the main lobby of the [[International Maritime Organization]].

Two Chilean naval vessels have been named in his honour:
* [[MV Antarctic Dream|''Piloto Pardo'']], an Antarctic supply ship commissioned in&nbsp;1959
* ''Piloto Pardo'', an [[OPV-80 class patrol vessel|OPV-80 class offshore patrol vessel]] commissioned in&nbsp;2008

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== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
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* {{cite book|last=Child|first=J.|date=1988|title=Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum|location=New York|publisher=Praeger}}
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* {{cite book|last=Mericq|first=L.|date=1987|title=Antarctica: Chile's Claim|location=Washington|publisher=National Defense University}}
* {{cite book|last=Pinochet|first=O.|date=1976|title=La Antarctica Chilena|location=Santiago|publisher=Andrés Bello}}

{{Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Pardo, Luis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pardo, Luis}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Santiago]]
[[Category:Chilean Navy officers]]
[[Category:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]
[[Category:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]
[[Category:Chilean Navy enlisted personnel]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Santiago, Chile]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean Navy personnel]]


[[de:Luis Pardo]]
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[[es:Luis Pardo Villalón]]
[[it:Luis Pardo]]

Latest revision as of 11:10, 16 November 2024

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Pardo and the second or maternal family name is Villalón.
Luis Pardo
Birth nameLuis Alberto Pardo Villalón
Born(1882-09-20)20 September 1882
Santiago, Chile
Died21 February 1935(1935-02-21) (aged 52)
Santiago, Chile
Branch Chilean Navy
Service years1900–1919
RankSenior lieutenant

Luis Alberto Pardo Villalón (20 September 1882 – 21 February 1935) was a Chilean Navy officer who, in August 1916, commanded the steam tug Yelcho to rescue the 22 stranded crewmen of Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship, Endurance, part of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. The crewmen were stranded on Elephant Island, an ice-covered mountainous island off the coast of Antarctica in the outer reaches of the South Shetland Islands, in the Southern Ocean.

Early life

[edit]

Pardo entered the Chilean Naval Pilot's School in July 1900, and joined the Chilean Navy as a pilot third class in June 1906. He was promoted to pilot second class in September 1910, and assigned to the Magallanes Naval Base in southern Chile as captain of the steam tug Yelcho.

Rescue of Shackleton's crew

[edit]

During the ill-fated Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance became trapped in the ice of the Weddell Sea in January 1915. On 27 October, nine months later, the ship was crushed by the ice and sank. Shackleton and his crew of 28 made their way by foot, sledge and lifeboats to Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula facing South America.

Yelcho three years earlier, c. 1913

On 24 April 1916, Shackleton and five of his men began an epic 800-mile (1,300 km) open-boat voyage to the Island of South Georgia, leaving the remaining 22 men behind on Elephant Island while he sought help to rescue them. After three futile attempts using the ships Southern Sky (loaned by the English Whaling Co, 23–31 May 1916), the ship Instituto de Pesca N°1 (loaned by the Government of Uruguay, 10–16 June 1916) and Emma (a sealer, funded by the British Club, Punta Arenas, 12 July – 8 August 1916) to rescue the men left on Elephant Island, the Yelcho—a 36.5-metre (120 ft) steam tug commanded by Pardo was authorised by the president of Chile, Juan Luis Sanfuentes, to escort and tow Emma. When the third attempt with Emma failed, the Chilean Government decided to send Yelcho alone, although it was totally unsuitable for Antarctic conditions, lacking proper heating, radio and double hull.

With Shackleton aboard, on 25 August, Pardo sailed from Punta Arenas on the Strait of Magellan. By now the Antarctic winter was at its height and ice conditions were difficult as the Yelcho neared Elephant Island, and on 30 August, the 22 men were rescued. They arrived back in Punta Arenas on 3 September to a hero's welcome. Pardo was immediately promoted to pilot first class and given several civilian medals and naval honours, and credit for ten years of service for his rescue feat.

Later life

[edit]
Honorary plaque in Puerto Williams

Pardo retired from the Navy in 1919. The British government authorized a large monetary award, which he turned down, stating that he was simply fulfilling a mission assigned to him by the Chilean Navy.

In 1930, he was appointed Chilean consul at Liverpool, where he served until 1934.[1] He died of bronchopneumonia on 21 February 1935, aged 52.[1]

Legacy

[edit]
Memorial to Luis Pardo at the International Maritime Organization

Pardo Ridge, the highest portion of Elephant Island, was named after him, and a cape on the northern tip of the Island was given the name Yelcho. The bow of the Yelcho is on display at Puerto Williams, a Chilean naval base on the Beagle Channel, and a bust of Captain Pardo has been placed at the site of the Endurance crew's camp on Elephant Island.

Pardo has a memorial statue and plaque in the main lobby of the International Maritime Organization.

Two Chilean naval vessels have been named in his honour:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Chilean Consul – Luis Alberto Pardo Villalon". Liverpool: Tower Building Residents Association. Retrieved 16 July 2017.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Child, J. (1988). Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum. New York: Praeger.
  • Mericq, L. (1987). Antarctica: Chile's Claim. Washington: National Defense University.
  • Pinochet, O. (1976). La Antarctica Chilena. Santiago: Andrés Bello.
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