Shimsha: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Tributary of Kaveri river}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Shimsha''' is a river that flows in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is one of the tributaries of the river [[Kaveri]], which is one of the major rivers of [[South India]]. The river originates in [[ |
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{{Infobox river |
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| name = Shimsha River |
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<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> |
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| image = The Shimsha river.jpg |
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| image_caption = The Shimsha river, flowing in [[Maddur, Mandya|Maddur]] |
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<!---------------------- LOCATION --> |
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| subdivision_type1 = Country |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[India]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = State |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnataka]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = |
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<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> |
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| length = {{convert|221|km|mi|abbr=on}}approx. |
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<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> |
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| source1 = [[Devarayanadurga]] hills |
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| source1_location = [[Tumkur]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]] |
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| source1_coordinates= |
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| source1_elevation = |
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| source2 = |
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| source2_location = |
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| source2_elevation = |
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| mouth = [[Kaveri|Kaveri River]] |
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| mouth_location = [[Chamarajanagar]], [[India]] |
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| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|12.3112|77.2383|format=dms|type:river_region:IN|display=inline,title}} |
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| mouth_elevation = |
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| progression = |
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| river_system = |
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| basin_size = |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Shimsha''' is a river that flows in the state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is one of the tributaries of the river [[Kaveri]], which is one of the major rivers of [[South India]]. The river originates in the southern part of the [[Devarayanadurga]] hill in the [[Tumkur district]] of [[Karnataka]] and flows for about {{convert|221|km|0|abbr=on}}. before joining the river [[Kaveri]].<ref name="geo">{{cite web|url=https://waterresources.kar.nic.in/river_systems.htm|work=Online webpage of the Water Resources Department|publisher=Government of Karnataka|title=River systems of Karnataka|access-date=2007-08-26}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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;Origin |
;Origin |
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Shimsha originates at an altitude of 914 m in the [[Devarayanadurga]] hill located in [[Tumakuru]] Taluk [https://www.deccanherald.com/content/369669/rise-fall-river-shimsha.html] which is also the location of two temples of the [[Hindu]] God, [[Narasimha]]. |
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Shimsha originates at Tiptur Taluk of Tumkur District |
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;Course |
;Course |
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After originating in the |
After originating in the [[Tumkur district]], The Markonahalli Dam has been built across it, the river takes a southerly course and enters the [[Mandya district]]. In Mandya district, the river flows in a south-eastern direction and has a waterfall at Shimshapura in [[Malavalli]] Taluk. Just after Shimshapura it reaches the border of [[Chamarajanagar district]] where it joins the river Kaveri.<ref name="map">{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/karnataka/districts/mandya.htm|work=Online webpage of MapsofIndia.com|title=Mandya district|access-date=2007-08-26}}</ref> The confluence of Shimsha and Kaveri is also near the [[Shivanasamudra]] falls. The total length of the river is {{convert|221|km|0|abbr=on}}. and the river has a catchment area of 8469 km<sup>2</sup>. |
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;Sub-tributaries |
;Sub-tributaries |
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;Markonahalli Dam |
;Markonahalli Dam |
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Markonahalli Dam is a dam built across the river Shimsha in the [[Kunigal]] Taluk of Tumkur district. It was built by [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]], the king of Mysore under the guidance of his [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]], [[Sir M V]]isweswaraiah.<ref name="dam">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindu.com/2000/10/11/stories/0411402v.htm| |
Markonahalli Dam is a dam built across the river Shimsha in the [[Kunigal]] Taluk of Tumkur district. It was built by [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]], the king of Mysore under the guidance of his [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]], [[Sir M V]]isweswaraiah.<ref name="dam">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindu.com/2000/10/11/stories/0411402v.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001062130/https://www.hindu.com/2000/10/11/stories/0411402v.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-01|title=Incessant rain: Part of Markonahalli Dam broken open|access-date=2007-08-27|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2000-10-11}}</ref> It was built to irrigate 6070 hectares of land and has a masonry structure of 139 m and a pair of earth dams extending to 1470 metres on either side. The reservoir has a catchment area of {{convert|4103|km²|0|abbr=on}} and can hold a volume of {{convert|68000000|m3|ft3}} of water at a full reservoir level of 731.57 m above the mean sea level.<ref name="fish">{{cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/V5930E/V5930E06.htm|title=Reservoir fisheries of India: Karnataka|work=Online webpage of FAO|access-date=2007-08-27}}</ref> 27 species of fish, including 13 species of commercial fishes have been recorded in the reservoir with [[Puntius]] being the dominant species of fish found here. Cirrhinus reba and Labeo calbasu and other transplanted carps are also found here. However, the maintenance of the dam has been poor. In 2000, a part of the dam had to be demolished to prevent floods and save 25 villages.<ref name="dam"/> Water started overflowing the dam and only 1 crest gate could be opened. Nearly 150 feet of the dam was demolished to allow excess water to flow out.<ref name="dam"/> |
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==Power generation== |
==Power generation== |
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Shimsha has a waterfall at Shimshapura in [[Malavalli]] Taluk. This is also the location of the Shimsha Hydro Electric Project which has an installed capacity of 17,200 kilowatts. |
Shimsha has a waterfall at Shimshapura in [[Malavalli]] Taluk. This is also the location of the Shimsha Hydro Electric Project which has an installed capacity of 17,200 kilowatts. |
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It was the first ever hydro electric project in Asia. Kolar Gold Fields was supplied with the electricity generated in 1902. |
It was the first ever hydro electric project in Asia. Kolar Gold Fields was supplied with the electricity generated in 1902. |
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Three years later Bangalore was electrified. The foundation stone for this project was laid by [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]], the king of [[Mysore]].<ref name="pow">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindu.com/2004/07/05/stories/2004070506280400.htm|title= 100 years of hydel power in State| |
Three years later Bangalore was electrified. The foundation stone for this project was laid by [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]], the king of [[Mysore]].<ref name="pow">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindu.com/2004/07/05/stories/2004070506280400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804021543/https://www.hindu.com/2004/07/05/stories/2004070506280400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-08-04|title= 100 years of hydel power in State|access-date=2007-08-26|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2004-07-05}}</ref> |
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==Issues== |
==Issues== |
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===Sand mining=== |
===Sand mining=== |
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The sand found on the river bed of the Shimsha river is mined and used for construction activities, sometimes illegally. Due to the environmental issues that can be caused by [[sand mining]], this activity is currently banned.<ref name="sand">{{cite web|url=https://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/16/stop-sand-mining-at-shimsha-river-bed-hc-tells-ktaka-govt-1142563423.html|title= Stop sand mining at Shimsha river bed, HC tells K'taka Govt|work=Online webpage of OneIndia.in| |
The sand found on the river bed of the Shimsha river is mined and used for construction activities, sometimes illegally. Due to the environmental issues that can be caused by [[sand mining]], this activity is currently banned.<ref name="sand">{{cite web|url=https://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/16/stop-sand-mining-at-shimsha-river-bed-hc-tells-ktaka-govt-1142563423.html|title= Stop sand mining at Shimsha river bed, HC tells K'taka Govt|work=Online webpage of OneIndia.in|access-date=2007-08-26}}</ref> |
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===Pollution=== |
===Pollution=== |
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Discharge of waste from towns and cities on the way are major contributors to pollution in the Shimsha. However, the Government is trying to clean up the river and has released funds for the same.<ref name="fund">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/jun72005/district163928200566.asp|title=Rs 2 cr to clean Shimsha|work=Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2005-06-07| |
Discharge of waste from towns and cities on the way are major contributors to pollution in the Shimsha. However, the Government is trying to clean up the river and has released funds for the same.<ref name="fund">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/jun72005/district163928200566.asp|title=Rs 2 cr to clean Shimsha|work=Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2005-06-07|access-date=2007-08-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124255/https://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/jun72005/district163928200566.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-09-29}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{ |
{{Clear}} |
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{{Kaveri River}} |
{{Kaveri River}} |
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{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}} |
{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}} |
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{{coord|12.300|N|76.233|E|region:IN_source:enwiki-uniquenames|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]] |
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[[Category:Geography of |
[[Category:Geography of Tumakuru district]] |
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[[Category:Tributaries of the Kaveri River]] |
[[Category:Tributaries of the Kaveri River]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of India]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:26, 14 November 2024
| Shimsha River | |
|---|---|
 The Shimsha river, flowing in Maddur | |
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| Location | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Devarayanadurga hills |
| • location | Tumkur, Karnataka, India |
| Mouth | Kaveri River |
• location | Chamarajanagar, India |
• coordinates | 12°18′40″N 77°14′18″E / 12.3112°N 77.2383°E |
| Length | 221 km (137 mi)approx. |
Shimsha is a river that flows in the state of Karnataka, India. It is one of the tributaries of the river Kaveri, which is one of the major rivers of South India. The river originates in the southern part of the Devarayanadurga hill in the Tumkur district of Karnataka and flows for about 221 km (137 mi). before joining the river Kaveri.[1]
Geography
[edit]- Origin
Shimsha originates at an altitude of 914 m in the Devarayanadurga hill located in Tumakuru Taluk [1] which is also the location of two temples of the Hindu God, Narasimha.
- Course
After originating in the Tumkur district, The Markonahalli Dam has been built across it, the river takes a southerly course and enters the Mandya district. In Mandya district, the river flows in a south-eastern direction and has a waterfall at Shimshapura in Malavalli Taluk. Just after Shimshapura it reaches the border of Chamarajanagar district where it joins the river Kaveri.[2] The confluence of Shimsha and Kaveri is also near the Shivanasamudra falls. The total length of the river is 221 km (137 mi). and the river has a catchment area of 8469 km2.
- Sub-tributaries
In its course the river is joined by other smaller rivers and streams such as Veeravaishnavi, Kanihalla, Chikkahole, Hebbahalla, Mullahalla and Kanva.[1]
- Towns and cities
Maddur is a major town that lies on this river.
Dams
[edit]- Markonahalli Dam
Markonahalli Dam is a dam built across the river Shimsha in the Kunigal Taluk of Tumkur district. It was built by Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, the king of Mysore under the guidance of his Diwan, Sir M Visweswaraiah.[3] It was built to irrigate 6070 hectares of land and has a masonry structure of 139 m and a pair of earth dams extending to 1470 metres on either side. The reservoir has a catchment area of 4,103 km2 (1,584 sq mi) and can hold a volume of 68,000,000 cubic metres (2.4×109 cu ft) of water at a full reservoir level of 731.57 m above the mean sea level.[4] 27 species of fish, including 13 species of commercial fishes have been recorded in the reservoir with Puntius being the dominant species of fish found here. Cirrhinus reba and Labeo calbasu and other transplanted carps are also found here. However, the maintenance of the dam has been poor. In 2000, a part of the dam had to be demolished to prevent floods and save 25 villages.[3] Water started overflowing the dam and only 1 crest gate could be opened. Nearly 150 feet of the dam was demolished to allow excess water to flow out.[3]
Power generation
[edit]Shimsha has a waterfall at Shimshapura in Malavalli Taluk. This is also the location of the Shimsha Hydro Electric Project which has an installed capacity of 17,200 kilowatts. It was the first ever hydro electric project in Asia. Kolar Gold Fields was supplied with the electricity generated in 1902. Three years later Bangalore was electrified. The foundation stone for this project was laid by Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV, the king of Mysore.[5]
Issues
[edit]Sand mining
[edit]The sand found on the river bed of the Shimsha river is mined and used for construction activities, sometimes illegally. Due to the environmental issues that can be caused by sand mining, this activity is currently banned.[6]
Pollution
[edit]Discharge of waste from towns and cities on the way are major contributors to pollution in the Shimsha. However, the Government is trying to clean up the river and has released funds for the same.[7]
See also
[edit]Accidents
[edit]In 1897, a railway bridge over this river collapsed during a heavy flood, killing about 150 passengers.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "River systems of Karnataka". Online webpage of the Water Resources Department. Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
- ^ "Mandya district". Online webpage of MapsofIndia.com. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
- ^ a b c "Incessant rain: Part of Markonahalli Dam broken open". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 11 October 2000. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
- ^ "Reservoir fisheries of India: Karnataka". Online webpage of FAO. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
- ^ "100 years of hydel power in State". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 5 July 2004. Archived from the original on 4 August 2004. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
- ^ "Stop sand mining at Shimsha river bed, HC tells K'taka Govt". Online webpage of OneIndia.in. Retrieved 26 August 2007.
- ^ "Rs 2 cr to clean Shimsha". Online Edition of The Deccan Herald, dated 2005-06-07. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 26 August 2007.