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{{Short description|British aircraft manufacturer}}
{{Short description|British aircraft manufacturer}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
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[[File:Camm hart 500.jpg|thumb|right|Hawker Hart ''G-ABMR'']]
[[File:Camm hart 500.jpg|thumb|right|Hawker Hart ''G-ABMR'']]
[[File:hurricane.r4118.ground.arp.jpg|thumb|Hurricane Mk.I]]
[[File:hurricane.r4118.ground.arp.jpg|thumb|Hurricane Mk.I]]
[[File:Sea Fury - Fly Navy 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sea Fury]]
The first Hawker design was the unbuilt Hawker Humpback of December 1920.{{sfn|Mason|1991|page=638}} This was soon followed by the [[Hawker Duiker]], the first prototype, which flew in July 1923.{{sfn|Mason|1991|page=100}} In the [[Interwar period|interwar years]], Hawker produced a successful line of bombers and fighters for the [[Royal Air Force]], the product of [[Sydney Camm]] (later Sir Sydney) and his team. These included the [[Hawker Hind]] and the [[Hawker Hart]], which became the most produced UK aeroplane in the years before the Second World War.{{sfn|Mason|1991|page=221}}
The first Hawker design was the unbuilt Hawker Humpback of December 1920.{{sfn|Mason|1991|page=638}} This was soon followed by the [[Hawker Duiker]], the first prototype, which flew in July 1923.{{sfn|Mason|1991|page=100}} In the [[Interwar period|interwar years]], Hawker produced a successful line of bombers and fighters for the [[Royal Air Force]], the product of [[Sydney Camm]] (later Sir Sydney) and his team. These included the [[Hawker Hind]] and the [[Hawker Hart]], which became the most produced UK aeroplane in the years before the Second World War.{{sfn|Mason|1991|page=221}}


During the Second World War, the Hawker Siddeley company was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter plane that, along with the [[Supermarine Spitfire]], was instrumental in winning the [[Battle of Britain]]. During the battle, Hawker Hurricanes in service outnumbered all other British fighters combined, and were responsible for shooting down 55 percent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
During the Second World War, the Hawker Siddeley company was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter plane that, along with the [[Supermarine Spitfire]], was instrumental in winning the [[Battle of Britain]]. During the battle, Hawker Hurricanes in service outnumbered all other British fighters combined, and were responsible for shooting down 55 per cent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
[[File:Hawker Hunter F.58 (code ZZ190) of Hawker Hunter Aviation Ltd arrives at RIAT Fairford 12July2018 arp.jpg|thumb|[[Hawker Hunter]] F.58 (UK code ZZ190, ex-[[Swiss Air Force]])) of Hawker Hunter Aviation arrives at the 2018 [[RIAT]], England]]
[[File:Hawker Hunter F.58 (code ZZ190) of Hawker Hunter Aviation Ltd arrives at RIAT Fairford 12July2018 arp.jpg|thumb|[[Hawker Hunter]] F.58 (ZZ190, ex-[[Swiss Air Force]])) of Hawker Hunter Aviation arrives at the 2018 [[RIAT]], England]]


===List===
===Aircraft===
*[[Hawker Duiker]] 1923 ''prototype'' – first original design by Hawker, 1 aircraft built, J6918{{sfn|Hannah|1982|p=15}}{{sfn|James|1973|p=15}}
*[[Hawker Duiker]] 1923 ''prototype'' – first original design by Hawker, 1 aircraft built, J6918{{sfn|Hannah|1982|p=15}}{{sfn|James|1973|p=15}}
*[[Hawker Woodcock]] 1923
*[[Hawker Woodcock]] 1923
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*[[Hawker Hawfinch]] 1927
*[[Hawker Hawfinch]] 1927
*[[Hawker Hart]] 1928
*[[Hawker Hart]] 1928
**[[Operators of Hawker Hart and variants]]
*[[Hawker F.20/27]] 1928 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker F.20/27]] 1928 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker Hoopoe]] 1928
*[[Hawker Hoopoe]] 1928
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*[[Hawker Nimrod]] 1930
*[[Hawker Nimrod]] 1930
*[[Hawker Fury]] 1931
*[[Hawker Fury]] 1931
*[[Hawker Audax]] 1931 - army cooperation derivative of Hart
**Hawker Fury variants
*[[Hawker Dantorp]] 1932- biplane bomber developed from Horsley for Royal Danish Navy
*[[Hawker Audax]] 1931
*[[Hawker Hart#Demon|Hawker Demon]] 1933 - fighter developed from Hart
*[[Hawker Dantorp]] 1932
*Hawker Hardy 1933 - general purpose aircraft variant of Hart
*[[Hawker Demon]] 1933
*[[Hawker P.V.3]] 1934 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker P.V.3]] 1934 prototype
*[[Hawker Hart]] 1934
*[[Hawker Hind]] 1934 - developed from Hart
*[[Hawker Hind]] 1934
*[[Hawker P.V.4]] 1934 prototype
**Hawker Hind variants
⚫
*[[Hawker P.V.4]] 1934 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker Hartbees|Hawker Hartbeest]] 1935
*[[Hawker Hartbees|Hawker Hartbeest]] 1935
*[[Hawker Hurricane]] 1935
*[[Hawker Hurricane]] 1935
**[[Hawker Hurricane variants|Hawker Sea Hurricane]]
*[[Hawker Hurricane variants|Hawker Sea Hurricane]]
*[[Hawker Hector]] 1936 - army cooperation aircraft developed from Hind, used Napier Dagger engine
**[[Hawker Hurricane variants]]
**[[List of Hawker Hurricane operators]]
**[[List of surviving Hawker Hurricanes]]
*[[Hawker Hector]] 1936
*[[Hawker Henley]] 1937
*[[Hawker Henley]] 1937
*[[Hawker Hotspur]] 1938
*[[Hawker Hotspur]] 1938
*[[Hawker Tornado]] 1939
*[[Hawker Tornado]] 1939
*[[Hawker Typhoon]] 1940
*[[Hawker Typhoon]] 1940
**[[List of Hawker Typhoon operators]]
*[[Hawker Tempest]] 1942
*[[Hawker Tempest]] 1942
⚫
*Hawker F.2/43 Fury 1943 prototype
**[[List of Hawker Tempest operators]]
*Hawker F.2/43 Fury 1943 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker Sea Fury]] 1944
*[[Hawker Sea Fury]] 1944
**[[List of Hawker Sea Fury operators]]
*[[Hawker Sea Hawk|Hawker P.1040]] 1947 prototype leading to Sea Hawk
*[[Hawker P.1040]] 1947 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker Sea Hawk]] 1947
*[[Hawker Sea Hawk]] 1947
**[[List of Hawker Sea Hawk operators]]
*[[Hawker P.1052]] 1948 prototype
*[[Hawker P.1052]] 1948 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker P.1072]] 1950 prototype
*[[Hawker P.1072]] 1950 ''prototype''
*Hawker P.1078 ''prototype''
*Hawker P.1078 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker P.1081]] 1950 ''prototype''
*[[Hawker P.1081]] 1950 prototype
*[[Hawker Hunter]] 1951
*[[Hawker Hunter]] 1951
*[[Hawker Siddeley P.1127|Hawker P.1127]] 1960 experimental V/STOL aircraft
**[[Hawker Hunter variants]]
**[[List of Hawker Hunter operators]]
**[[Hawker Hunter in service with Swiss Air Force]]
*[[Hawker P.1127]] 1960 ''prototype''


====Projects====
=== Projects ===
''Source: Hannah (1982)''<ref>Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library Hawker, Key Publishing 1982</ref>
''Source: Hannah (1982)''<ref>Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library Hawker, Key Publishing 1982</ref>


*Hawker P.1000
*Hawker P.1000
*Hawker P.1004
*Hawker P.1004
*Hawker P.1005 - high speed unarmed bomber, to be powered by two [[Napier Sabre]] engines, to [[List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1940–1949|Specification B11/41]]<ref>{{harvnb|Goulding1985|pp=128–130}}</ref>
*Hawker P.1005 - high speed unarmed bomber, to be powered by two [[Napier Sabre]] engines, to [[List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1940–1949|Specification B11/41]]<ref>{{harvnb|Goulding|1985|pp=128–130}}</ref>
*Hawker P.1007
*Hawker P.1007
*Hawker P.1008
*Hawker P.1008
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*Hawker P.1124 Drawing Mach 2 target aircraft
*Hawker P.1124 Drawing Mach 2 target aircraft
*Hawker P.1125
*Hawker P.1125
*Hawker P.1126 VTOL double delta wing fighter<ref>Mike Pryce - Beyond the Harrier - Kingston V/Stol Projects 1957-1988</ref><ref>Flight, 16 Dec 1960, p.944</ref>
*Hawker P.1126
*Hawker P.1128 Drawing for Executive jet version of Hunter
*Hawker P.1128 Drawing for Executive jet version of Hunter
*Hawker P.1129
*Hawker P.1129
*Hawker P.1131
*Hawker P.1131
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==Key people==
==Key people==
[[File:Harry Hawker.jpg|thumb|Harry Hawker in May 1919]]
[[File:Harry Hawker.jpg|thumb|upright|Harry Hawker in May 1919]]
* [[Harry Hawker]]
* [[Harry Hawker]]
* [[Thomas Sopwith]]
* [[Thomas Sopwith]]
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* [[Trevor Sidney Wade|Wimpy Wade]]
* [[Trevor Sidney Wade|Wimpy Wade]]
* [[Neville Duke]]
* [[Neville Duke]]
* [[Bill Bedford|Alfred William (Bill) Bedford]]
* [[Bill Bedford]]


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 00:28, 6 November 2024

Hawker Aircraft Limited
IndustryAviation
PredecessorSopwith Aviation & Engineering Company
Founded1920; 104 years ago (1920) (as H.G. Hawker Engineering)
Defunct1963; 61 years ago (1963)
FateMerged into Hawker Siddeley Group
SuccessorHawker Siddeley Aviation
Headquarters
Kingston upon Thames, Greater London
,
UK
Number of locations
Langley, Dunsfold, Blackpool
Key people
Harry Hawker
Thomas Sopwith
Sydney Camm
ProductsAircraft
SubsidiariesGloster Aircraft Company (1934)

Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer that was responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history.

History

[edit]
See also: Hawker Siddeley

Hawker had its roots in the aftermath of the First World War, which resulted in the bankruptcy of the Sopwith Aviation Company. Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker and three others, including Thomas Sopwith, bought the assets of Sopwith and formed H.G. Hawker Engineering in 1920.[1]

In 1933, the company was renamed Hawker Aircraft Limited, and it took advantage of the Great Depression and a strong financial position to purchase the Gloster Aircraft Company in 1934. The next year, it merged with the engine and automotive company Armstrong Siddeley and its subsidiary, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, to form Hawker Siddeley Aircraft. This group also encompassed A. V. Roe and Company (Avro).

The company continued to produce designs under the "Hawker" name as part of Hawker Siddeley Aircraft, which from 1955 was a division of Hawker Siddeley Group. In 1963, the "Hawker" brand name was dropped, along with those of the sister companies; the Hawker P.1127 was the last aircraft to carry the brand name.

The Hawker legacy was maintained by the American company Raytheon, which produced business jets (including some derived from the 125, whose original design dated back to de Havilland days) under the "Hawker" name. This was the result of purchasing British Aerospace's product line in 1993. The name was also used by Hawker Beechcraft after Raytheon's business jet interests (Hawker and Beechcraft) were acquired by investors and merged.

Products

[edit]
Hawker Hart G-ABMR
Hurricane Mk.I
Sea Fury

The first Hawker design was the unbuilt Hawker Humpback of December 1920.[2] This was soon followed by the Hawker Duiker, the first prototype, which flew in July 1923.[3] In the interwar years, Hawker produced a successful line of bombers and fighters for the Royal Air Force, the product of Sydney Camm (later Sir Sydney) and his team. These included the Hawker Hind and the Hawker Hart, which became the most produced UK aeroplane in the years before the Second World War.[4]

During the Second World War, the Hawker Siddeley company was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous Hawker Hurricane fighter plane that, along with the Supermarine Spitfire, was instrumental in winning the Battle of Britain. During the battle, Hawker Hurricanes in service outnumbered all other British fighters combined, and were responsible for shooting down 55 per cent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.[citation needed]

Hawker Hunter F.58 (ZZ190, ex-Swiss Air Force)) of Hawker Hunter Aviation arrives at the 2018 RIAT, England

Aircraft

[edit]

Projects

[edit]

Source: Hannah (1982)[7]

  • Hawker P.1000
  • Hawker P.1004
  • Hawker P.1005 - high speed unarmed bomber, to be powered by two Napier Sabre engines, to Specification B11/41[8]
  • Hawker P.1007
  • Hawker P.1008
  • Hawker P.1014
  • Hawker P.1017
  • Hawker P.1021
  • Hawker P.1025
  • Hawker P.1027
  • Hawker P.1028
  • Hawker P.1029
  • Hawker P.1030
  • Hawker P.1031
  • Hawker P.1037
  • Hawker P.1140 Sea Hawk
  • Hawker P.1041
  • Hawker P.1044
  • Hawker P.1146 Swept delta wing idea for P1040
  • Hawker P.1048 Straight wing twin engine (like Me 262)
  • Hawker P.1049
  • Hawker P.1050
  • Hawker P.1051
  • Hawker P.1052 Swept wing Sea Hawk prototye
  • Hawker P.1056 Night fighter variant of P1048
  • Hawker P.1053
  • Hawker P.1054
  • Hawker P.1055
  • Hawker P.1056
  • Hawker P.1057 Swept wing idea
  • Hawker P.1058
  • Hawker P.1061 dual engine straight wing
  • Hawker P.1062 swept wing derivative of P1040
  • Hawker P.1063
  • Hawker P.1064 swept wing idea with high tailplane
  • Hawker P.1065 swept wing with rocket boost
  • Hawker P.1067 idea for swept wing with Avon engine Hunter prototype
  • Hawker P.1069
  • Hawker P.1070
  • Hawker P.1071
  • Hawker P.1072 Version Sea Hawk with rocket
  • Hawker P.1073
  • Hawker P.1077
  • Hawker P.1079
  • Hawker P.1081 Second prototype derived from P1052
  • Hawker P.1082
  • Hawker P.1084
  • Hawker P.1083 4th prototype Hunter
  • Hawker P.1085
  • Hawker P.1088
  • Hawker P.1089
  • Hawker P.1090 drawing for Gyron engined Hunter
  • Hawker P.1091 drawing for tail less delta Hunter
  • Hawker P.1092
  • Hawker P.1093 drawing for supersonic delta
  • Hawker P.1096
  • Hawker P.1098
  • Hawker P.1099 Avon engined Hunter
  • Hawker P.1100 drawing for thin wing Hunter
  • Hawker P.1101 Dual seat hunter
  • Hawker P.1103 1950s interceptor project
  • Hawker P.1104
  • Hawker P.1106
  • Hawker P.1107
  • Hawker P.1108
  • Hawker P.1109 Hunter variant
  • Hawker P.1121 late 1950s supersonic fighter project evolved from P1103
  • Hawker P.1124 Drawing Mach 2 target aircraft
  • Hawker P.1125
  • Hawker P.1126 VTOL double delta wing fighter[9][10]
  • Hawker P.1128 Drawing for Executive jet version of Hunter
  • Hawker P.1129
  • Hawker P.1131
  • Hawker P.1132
  • Hawker P.1134
  • Hawker P.1136
  • Hawker P.1137
  • Hawker P.1139
  • Hawker P.1141
  • Hawker P.1143
  • Hawker P.1149
  • Hawker P.1152
  • Hawker P.1154 1960s design for a supersonic VTOL
  • Hawker P.1182 Hawk trainer
  • Hawker P.1214 1980s X wing VTOL design
  • Hawker P.1216 1980s swept wing VTOL design of P1214

Key people

[edit]
Harry Hawker in May 1919

Aircraft designers and engineers

[edit]

Chief test pilots

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Mason 1991, p. 11.
  2. ^ Mason 1991, p. 638.
  3. ^ Mason 1991, p. 100.
  4. ^ Mason 1991, p. 221.
  5. ^ Hannah 1982, p. 15.
  6. ^ James 1973, p. 15.
  7. ^ Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library Hawker, Key Publishing 1982
  8. ^ Goulding 1985, pp. 128–130
  9. ^ Mike Pryce - Beyond the Harrier - Kingston V/Stol Projects 1957-1988
  10. ^ Flight, 16 Dec 1960, p.944

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Buttler, Tony (2017). British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 (Hardback) (2nd ed.). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
  • Goulding, James (March 1985). "If Only...The Hawker P1005". Aircraft Illustrated. Vol. 18, no. 3. pp. 128–130. ISSN 0002-2675.
  • Hannah, Donald (1982). Hawker FlyPast Reference Library. Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK: Key Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-946219-01-X..
  • James, Derek N. (1973) [First published in the UK by Ian Allan in 1972]. Hawker, an Aircraft Album No. 5. New York: Arco Publishing Company. ISBN 0-668-02699-5.
  • Mason, Francis K. (1991). Hawker Aircraft since 1920 (3rd revised ed.). London: Putnam & Company. ISBN 0-85177-839-9..
  • Braybrook, Roy (1987). Hunter (1st ed.). London: Osprey publishing ltd. ISBN 0-85045-751-3..
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hawker aircraft.
  • Hawker – British Aircraft Directory
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