View source for Renfe Class 100

{{short description|High speed train type}}
{{Refimprove|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox Train
| name = Renfe Class 100
| background = #f060eb
| image = Renfe 100 Class at Lyon Part-Dieu.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Series 100 train at [[Lyon-Part-Dieu station]]
| service = 1992 – present
| interiorimage = 202201 Turista Class Interior of Renfe S-100.jpg
| interiorcaption = The interior of an S-100 train.
| manufacturer = [[Alstom|GEC-Alsthom]] / [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]]
| family = [[TGV]]
| refurbishment = 2007 - 2012
| formation = 2 driving cars and 8 passenger cars per train set
| capacity = 329
| operator = [[Renfe Operadora]]
| lines = [[Madrid–Sevilla high-speed rail line|Madrid – Seville]]<br/>[[Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line|Perpignan – Barcelona]]
Madrid-Alicante (AVE class 112 can serve this line)
| trainlength = {{convert|200.15|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| carlength = 
| width = {{convert|2.9|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| height = {{convert|4.28|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|392|t}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|8800|kW|hp|abbr=on}}
| powersupply = (?)
| electricsystem = [[Overhead lines|Overhead]], Dual: 3&nbsp;kV [[Direct current|DC]],<br>{{25 kV 50 Hz}}
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (rail)|Pantograph]]
| safety = [[LZB]], {{Interlanguage link multi|ASFA 200|es|3=Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático}}, [[ERTMS]] [[TVM430]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
}}

The '''Renfe Class 100''' is a high-speed train used for [[AVE]] services by the [[Renfe Operadora]], in [[Spain]]. It was the first high-speed train put into service in Spain, in 1992.

== History ==
This class lived through all the changes involved in the creation of the Spanish high-speed network; originally the plan was to build the high-speed route to [[Andalusia]] on an [[Iberian gauge]] track ({{track gauge|1668mm}}). At the last minute, it was decided that it should be {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}, meaning RENFE changed its original order for 24 Iberian gauge units to sixteen standard gauge ones, which were delivered between 1991 and 1993.

After various changes in the contract with Alstom and compensation for delays the final eight were delivered; two standard gauge sets and 6 Iberian gauge sets. The Iberian sets became the '''Renfe Class 101''' which used to operate the [[Euromed (train)|Euromed]] services along the Mediterranean corridor (this route is now covered by the [[RENFE Class 130]] trains).

Train 100.015 set one of the most important speed records in Spain, reaching {{convert|356.8|km/h}} on a test run. Its previous record had been {{convert|330|km/h|abbr=on}} on an earlier test run. The Class 100 was also involved in speed tests using [[Talgo]] carriages.

In 2002 one of the power cars of set 100.012 was severely damaged in a collision. The car was rebuilt by using the newer TGV-Duplex design, giving this set the unique feature of having two different model power cars.

This class has almost exclusively served the [[Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line]].  They were used on the [[Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line]] for a short period until introduction of the [[RENFE Class 102]]. The units used on the Barcelona line had to have their [[pantograph (rail)|pantographs]] changed as well as installation of the [[ERTMS]] system.

In 2007, after fifteen years of service—half of the trains' expected working life—the entire Class 100 fleet was refurbished.

In February 2011, on account of financial pressures, RENFE announced that, instead of buying 10 new trains to cover the Paris-Madrid route, it would convert AVE Class 100 trains for the route, at a cost of €30 million, rather than €270 million. RENFE announced that the capacity would be increased to keep the cost down, in addition to the conversion work planned for the trains' electrification and signaling systems.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://noticias.terra.es/2011/local/0202/actualidad/renfe-invertira-30-millones-en-reciclar-diez-trenes-ave-para-explotar-la-linea-madrid-paris.aspx| title=Renfe invertirá 30 millones en 'reciclar' diez trenes AVE para explotar la línea Madrid-París| language=es| trans-title=Renfe will invest 30 million in 'recycling' ten AVE trains to operate the Madrid-Paris line| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326192022/https://noticias.terra.es/2011/local/0202/actualidad/renfe-invertira-30-millones-en-reciclar-diez-trenes-ave-para-explotar-la-linea-madrid-paris.aspx| archivedate=March 26, 2012| date=February 2, 2011| website=Terra.es}}</ref>

In 2013, some S100 trains have been changed for French homologation making them compatible with French signaling system and so be able to cross the French border. The aim is to create rail service between major French cities and main Spanish cities (Madrid and Barcelona) simultaneously with SNCF.  The S100 trains ran this service from 2013, following the cancellation of overnight services from Paris to Madrid and Barcelona, till 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haydock |first=David |date=2022-02-21 |title=SNCF to end cross-border high-speed cooperation with Renfe |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/high-speed/sncf-to-end-cross-border-high-speed-cooperation-with-renfe/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref>

[[Air Nostrum]] propose to lease some from RENFE to operate services from [[Madrid Atocha railway station|Madrid Atocha]] to [[Gare de Montpellier-Saint-Roch]] from October 2018.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://m.railjournal.com/index.php/high-speed/spanish-airline-to-enter-high-speed-rail-market.html| title=Spanish airline to enter high speed rail market| website=International Railway Journal| date=October 12, 2017| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017093705/https://m.railjournal.com/index.php/high-speed/spanish-airline-to-enter-high-speed-rail-market.html| archivedate=October 17, 2017}}</ref>

== Technical information ==
The Series 100 is directly derived from the [[TGV Atlantique]] trains that operate in [[France]].  Eight sets were manufactured by [[Alstom]] and the remainder by [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]].

A Series 100 train is made up of two 4,400&nbsp;[[kW]] power cars with two motorized [[bogie]]s each and eight passenger cars with shared bogies. It is compatible with the {{track gauge|sg}} standard gauge. It is compatible with overhead currents of 3&nbsp;kV [[Direct current|DC]] and 25 kV 50&nbsp;Hz alternating current.

Unlike its model, it has both the {{Interlanguage link multi|ASFA 200|es|3=Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático}} (used in Spain) and [[Linienzugbeeinflussung]] (used in Germany and in Spain) signaling systems. Furthermore, since 2004 nine of the trains have the [[ERTMS]] system installed, as well as two extra coaches and cooling systems specially adapted to temperatures in Spain.

== See also ==
* [[List of high-speed trains]]
* [[TGV Atlantique]]
* [[Renfe Class 102]]
* [[Renfe Class 103]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Renfe Class 100}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100606084815/https://www.renfe.es/ave/ficha_ave.html Ficha de la serie 100 en la página de Renfe]
*[https://www.kaemena360.com/360/RENFE-AVE-S100-Tour/ Imágenes interactivas en 360 grados de la clase turista y preferente del S-100]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104448/https://www.uqp.de/kopka/europa/spanien/etr-ave.htm Stamps with AVE Class S-100]

{{Renfe locomotives}}
{{AVE navbox}}
{{High-speed rail in France}}
{{High-speed rail}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ave Class 100}}
[[Category:AVE high-speed trains|100]]
[[Category:Articulated passenger trains]]
[[Category:TGV trainsets]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units with locomotive-like power cars]]
[[Category:3000 V DC multiple units]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]