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'{{original research|date=September 2016}} {{Culture of Pakistan}} The major ethnic groups of [[Pakistan]] include [[Punjabis]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Sindhis]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Muhajir people|Muhajirs]], [[Baloch people|Baloch]], [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Paharis]], [[Hindkowans]], [[Muslim Rajputs|Rajputs]], [[Mirpuri people|Mirpuri]] and other smaller groups. Smaller ethnic groups found throughout the nation include [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiris]], [[Kalash people|Kalash]], [[Chitrali people|Chitralis]], [[Siddi]], [[Burusho people|Burkusho]], [[Wakhi people|Wakhis]], [[Khowar people|Khowar]], [[Hazaras|Hazara]], [[Shina people|Shina]], Kalyu [[Balti people|Baltis]] and [[Jat Muslim|Jatts]]. Pakistan's census does not include the 1.7 million [[Afghans in Pakistan|refugees from Afghanistan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unhcrpk.org/unhcr-welcomes-new-government-policy-for-afghans-in-pakistan/|title=UNHCR welcomes new government policy for Afghans in Pakistan|publisher=unhcrpk.org |year=2016|location=Pakistan}}</ref> mainly found in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (KP), with significant populations in the cities of [[Karachi]] and [[Quetta]]. Most of these Afghan refugees were born in Pakistan within the last 30 years and are ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Baloch and Turkmen.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |date=November 2016 |title=Voluntary Repatriation Update |publisher=UNHCR |location=Pakistan |access-date=2017-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173655/https://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Ethnicity in Pakistan (2020) <ref> [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ The World Factbook]</ref> |label1 = [[Punjabis]] |value1 = 44.7 |color1 = Green |label2 = [[Pashtuns]] |value2 = 15.4 |color2 = Red |label3 = [[Sindhis]] |value3 = 14.1 |color3 = Black |label4 = [[Saraikis]] |value4 = 8.4 |color4 = Maroon |label5 = [[Muhajir people|Muhajirs]] |value5 = 7.6 |color5 = DarkGreen |label6 = [[Balochis]] |value6 = 3.6 |color6 = White |label7 = Others |value7 = 6.3 |color7 = Grey }} ==Major ethnic groups== [[File:Majority first language by district in Pakistan as of the 1998 census.png|thumb|Ethnolinguistic groups of Pakistan in 1998]] [[Image:Ethnic Groups by Region.jpg|thumb|Bar Graph of Ethnic Groups by Region]] [[Image:Ethnic Groups Urban Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Bar Graph of Ethnic Groups in Urban Pakistan]] ===Punjabis=== {{Main|Punjabis|Punjab, Pakistan|Punjabi language}} [[File:Major ethnic groups of Pakistan in 1980.jpg|thumb|The four major ethnic groups of Pakistan]] [[Punjabis]] are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] ethno-linguistic group and they are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan by population, numbering approximately 110 million people and thus consisting of 50.0% of Pakistan's total population of 220 million in 2020. The Punjabis found in Pakistan belong to groups known as ''biradaris'' (literally 'brotherhood'), with further divisions between the ''zamindar'' or ''qoums'', traditionally associated with agriculture, and ''moeens'', traditionally associated with artisanry. Some ''zamindars'' are further divided into castes such as [(Rajpoot]), [[Muslim Jats|Jat]], [[Punjabi Shaikh|Shaikh]], [[Khatri]], [[Khandowa (tribe)|Khandowa]], [[Gujjar]], [[Awan (Pakistan)|Awan]], [[Arain]] and [[Syed]]. Ethnicities from neighbouring regions such as [[Kashmiri Muslims|Kashmiris]], [[Punjabi Pathan|Pashtuns]] and [[Punjabi Baloch|Baluchis]] also form a sizeable portion of the population of Punjab, especially in metropolises such as [[Lahore]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Sialkot]] and [[Faisalabad]]. A large number of Punjabis descend from groups historically associated with skilled professions and crafts, such as the [[Sunar]], [[Lohar]], [[Kumhar]], [[Tarkhan]], [[Julaha]], [[Mochi (Muslim)|Mochi]], [[Hajjam]], [[Chhimba Darzi]], [[Muslim Teli|Teli]], [[Lalari (caste)|Lalari]], [[Qassab]], [[Mallaah]], [[Dhobi]], [[Mirasi]], etc.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thorburn|first1=S. S.|title=Musalmans and Money Lenders in the Punjab|date=1983|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9789351137481|edition=(reprint)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aSYJp4R54kMC&q=jat+punjab+islam&pg=PR5}}</ref><ref>Mirza, Z.I., Hassan, M.U. and Bandaragoda, D.J., 1997. Socio-Economic Baseline Survey for a Pilot Project on Water Users Organizations in the Hakra 4-R Distributary Command Area, Punjab.[https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/40765852/H_9246i.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1501802940&Signature=ZMY7vx8jEwBB2boiRXHsps0XqR0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DSocioeconomic_baseline_survey_for_a_pilo.pdf]{{dead link|date=September 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">Nazir, P., 1993. Social structure, ideology and language: caste among Muslims. Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 2897-2900.</ref> The Pakistani Punjab is relatively religiously homogenous, with 97% of the population adhering to Islam (with small [[Punjabi Hindus|Hindu]], Sikh and [[Punjabi Christians|Christian]] minorities). Notable Punjabi-Pakistanis include Nobel laureate [[Abdus Salam]], cricketer [[Wasim Akram]] and economist [[Mahbub ul Haq|Mahbub al Haq]]. ===Pashtuns=== {{Main|Pashtuns|Pashtuns in Punjab|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}} [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]] (also referred to as Pukhtuns), an [[Iranian peoples|Iranic]] ethno-linguistic group, are Pakistan's second largest ethnicity (consisting 15% of the population). They are native to the region known as [[Pashtunistan]], an area west of the [[Indus River]] including the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern Balochistan, southern and eastern Afghanistan. They constitute a significant diaspora community in the cities of Lahore, Punjab and Karachi, Sindh and are also a major ethnic group among the 1.7 million Afghan refugees and asylum-seekers in Pakistan. Pashtuns are the [[ethnic Afghans]], and are the majority group in Afghanistan. Pashtun are tribal people, with their own culture and values they follow ([[Pashtunwali]])and a deep rich history linked to rulers. They speak [[Pashto]] as their first language and are divided into multiple tribes such as [[Afridi]] and [[Yusufzai|Yousafzai]] and [[Khattak]], which are notably the main Pashtun tribes in Pakistan. They make up an estimated 35 million of Pakistan's total population<ref name="brookings">Livingston, Ian S. and [[Michael E. O'Hanlon|Michael O'Hanlon]] (March 30, 2011). " [https://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Programs/foreign%20policy/pakistan%20index/index20110330.PDF Pakistan Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714204814/https://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Programs/foreign%20policy/pakistan%20index/index20110330.PDF |date=July 14, 2014 }}". [[Brookings Institution]].</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ The World Factbook]</ref> and are mostly adherent to Sunni Islam. Notable Pashtuns include former president [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]], incumbent prime minister [[Imran Khan]], cricketers [[Shahid Afridi]] and [[Shaheen Afridi]], actor [[Fawad Khan]] and Nobel Laureate [[Malala Yousafzai]]. === Sindhis === The [[Sindhis]] are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[ethno-linguistic group]] who speak the [[Sindhi language]] and are native to the [[Sindh]] province of [[Pakistan]] and they are Pakistan's third largest ethnicity (consisting 14% of the country). Sindhis are predominantly [[Islam|Muslim]]. Sindhi Muslim culture is highly influenced by [[Sufi]] doctrines and principles and some of the popular cultural icons of Sindh are [[Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai]], [[Lal Shahbaz Qalandar]], [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Jhulelal]] and [[Sachal Sarmast]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/|title=CIA Factbook Pakistan}}</ref> ===Saraikis=== The [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]] also known as '''Multanis''',<ref name="BhatiaRitchie2008">{{cite book|title=The Handbook of Bilingualism|last1=Bhatia|first1=Tej K.|last2=Ritchie|first2=William C.|date=2008-04-15|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470756744|page=803}}</ref> are an ethnolinguistic group in central and southeastern [[Pakistan]], primarily southern [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. Their language is [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], which has similarities to Punjabi and Sindhi. ===Muhajirs=== [[Muhajir people|Muhajirs]] (meaning "migrants") are also called "[[Urdu-speaking people]]." Muhajirs are a collective multiethnic group who emerged through the migration of Indian Muslims from various parts of India to Pakistan starting in 1947, as a result of the world's largest mass migration.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bab0.pdf|title=Rupture in South Asia|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=2014-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml|title=The Hidden Story of Partition and its Legacies|author=Dr Crispin Bates|date=2011-03-03|work=BBC|access-date=2014-08-16}}</ref> The majority of Muhajirs are settled in Sindh mainly in [[Karachi]], [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], [[Sukkur]] and [[Mirpur Khas]]. Sizable communities of Muhajirs are also present in cities including [[Lahore]], [[Multan]], [[Islamabad]], and [[Peshawar]]. Muhajirs held a dominating position during the early nation building years of Pakistan. Most Muslim politicians of the pre-independence era who supported the Pakistan movement were Urdu speakers. The term Muhajir is also used for descendants of Muslims who migrated to Pakistan after the 1947 partition of India.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/07-Nov-2014/muhajirs-in-historical-perspective|title=Muhajirs in historical perspective|date=2014-11-07|work=The Nation|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1100948|title=The evolution of Mohajir politics and identity|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2014-04-20|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Baloch=== The [[Baloch people|Baloch]] as an [[Iranian peoples|Iranic]] ethnic lingusitc group, are principally found in the east of Balochistan province of Pakistan.<ref>Blood, Peter, ed. [https://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+pk0055) "Baloch"]. ''Pakistan: A Country Study''. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1995.</ref> Despite living south towards the [[Gulf of Oman]] and the [[Arabian sea]] for centuries, they are classified as a northwestern Iranian people in accordance to [[Baloch language|their language]] which belongs to the northwestern subgroup of [[Iranian languages]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/personal/agnes/upsala00.pdf|title=Balochi and the Concept of North-Western Iranian|work=Agnes Korn|access-date=2016-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174053/https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/personal/agnes/upsala00.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Dr. Akhtar Baloch, [[Professor]] at [[University of Karachi]], the Balochis migrated from [[Balochistan region|Balochistan]] during the [[Little Ice Age]] and settled in [[Sindh]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. The Little Ice Age is conventionally defined as a period extending from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries<ref name="Mann2003">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change|year=2003|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|url=https://www.meteo.psu.edu/holocene/public_html/shared/articles/littleiceage.pdf|author= Mann, Michael|editor=Michael C MacCracken and John S Perry|access-date=17 November 2012|chapter=Little Ice Age}}</ref><ref name="Lamb1972">{{cite book|chapter = The cold Little Ice Age climate of about 1550 to 1800|author=Lamb, HH|title=Climate: present, past and future|publisher= Methuen|location=London|year=1972|page=107|isbn=0-416-11530-6}} (noted in Grove 2004:4).</ref><ref name="NASA Glossary">{{Cite journal|title=Earth observatory Glossary L-N|publisher=NASA|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Glossary/?mode=alpha&seg=l&segend=n|place=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Green Belt MD|access-date=17 July 2015}}.</ref> (or alternatively, from about 1300<ref name="miller2012">Miller ''et al''. 2012. "Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks" ''Geophysical Research Letters'' '''39''', 31 January: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120202002252/https://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/pip/2011GL050168.shtml abstract (formerly on AGU website)] (accessed via wayback machine 11 July 2015); see [https://news.agu.org/press-release/unusual-volcanic-episode-rapidly-triggered-little-ice-age-researchers-find/ press release on AGU website] (accessed 11 July 2015).</ref> to about 1850<ref>Grove, J.M., ''Little Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern,'' Routledge, London (2 volumes) 2004.</ref><ref>Matthews, J.A. and Briffa, K.R., [https://www.lakeheadu.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/53/outlines/2014-15/NECU5311/MatthewsBriffa_2005_GA_LIAconcept.pdf "The 'Little Ice Age': re-evaluation of an evolving concept"], ''Geogr. Ann., 87,'' A (1), pp. 17–36 (2005). Retrieved 17 July 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch1s1-4-3.html|title=1.4.3 Solar Variability and the Total Solar Irradiance - AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science|publisher=Ipcc.ch|access-date=24 June 2013}}</ref>), although climatologists and historians working with local records no longer expect to agree on either the start or end dates of this period, which varied according to local conditions. According to Professor Baloch, the climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was uninhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people migrated in waves and settled in [[Sindh]] and [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref>[https://tribune.com.pk/story/688234/from-zardaris-to-makranis-how-the-baloch-came-to-sindh/ From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh]</ref> ===Kashmiris=== [[Kashmiri Muslims|Kashmiri]] are a [[Dards|Dardic]] (subgrouping of Indo-Aryan) ethnic group native to the [[Kashmir Valley]] and [[Azad Kashmir]]. The majority of Kashmiri Muslims are Sunni.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgbnmgEACAAJ&pg=PR20|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9781849046220|pages=7|quote=As in Pakistan, Sunni Muslims comprise the majority population of Kashmir, whereas they are a minority in Jammu, while almost all Muslims in Ladakh are Shias.}}</ref> They refer to themselves as "Kashur" in their mother language. Kashmiri Muslims are [[Kashmiri Muslim tribes from Hindu lineage|descended]] from [[Kashmiri Pandit|Kashmiri Hindus]] and are also known as 'Sheikhs'.<ref name=":022">{{Cite book|url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/37337|title=Census of India, 1941|volume=Volume XXII|pages=9|quote=The Muslims living in the southern part of the Kashmir Province are of the same stock as the Kashmiri Pandit community and are usually designated Kashmiri Muslims; those of the Muzaffarabad District are partly Kashmiri Muslims, partly Gujjar and the rest are of the same stock as the tribes of the neighbouring Punjab and North \Vest Frontier Province districts.|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMM-xRVr5qgC&q=kashmiris+are+native+to+kashmir+valley&pg=PA223|title=Kashmiri Pandits: Looking to the Future|publisher=APH Publishing|year=2001|isbn=9788176482363|quote=The Kashmiri Pandits are the precursors of Kashmiri Muslims who now form a majority in the valley of Kashmir...Whereas Kashmiri Pandits are of the same ethnic stock as the Kashmiri Muslims, both sharing their habitat, language, dress, food and other habits, Kashmiri Pandits form a constituent part of the Hindu society of India on the religious plane.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bhasin|first1=M.K.|last2=Nag|first2=Shampa|year=2002|title=A Demographic Profile of the People of Jammu and Kashmir|url=https://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-13-0-000-000-2002-Web/JHE-13-1-2-001-02-Abst-PDF/JHE-13-1-2-001-02/JHE-13-1-2-001-055-02-Tt.pdf|journal=Journal of Human Ecology|publisher=Kamla-Raj Enterprises|pages=15|access-date=1 January 2017|quote=Thus the two population groups, Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims though at the time constituted ethnically homogenous population, came to differ from each other in faith and customs.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bhasin|first1=M.K.|last2=Nag|first2=Shampa|year=2002|title=A Demographic Profile of the People of Jammu and Kashmir|url=https://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-13-0-000-000-2002-Web/JHE-13-1-2-001-02-Abst-PDF/JHE-13-1-2-001-02/JHE-13-1-2-001-055-02-Tt.pdf|journal=Journal of Human Ecology|pages=16|access-date=1 January 2017|quote=The Sheikhs are considered to be the descendants of Hindus and the pure Kashmiri Muslims, professing Sunni faith, the major part of the population of Srinagar district and the Kashmir state.}}</ref> Presently, the Kashmiri Muslim population is predominantly found in [[Kashmir Valley]]. Smaller Kashmiri communities also live in other regions of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] territory. One significant population of Kashmiris is in the [[Chenab Valley|Chenab valley]] region, which comprises the [[Doda district|Doda]], [[Ramban district|Ramban]] and [[Kishtwar District|Kishtwar]] districts of [[Jammu Division|Jammu]]. There are also ethnic Kashmiri populations inhabiting [[Neelam Valley]] and [[Leepa Valley]] of [[Azad Kashmir]]. Since 1947, many ethnic Kashmiri Muslims also live in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="Snedden 2015">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&q=ethnic+kashmiris+christopher+snedden+neelum+valley&pg=PT23|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9781849046220|quote=Small numbers of ethnic Kashmiris also live in other parts of J&K. There are Kashmiris who live in areas that border the Kashmir Valley, including Kishtwar (Kishtawar), Bhadarwah, Doda and Ramban, in Jammu in Indian J&K, and in the Neelum and Leepa Valleys of northern Azad Kashmir. Since 1947, many ethnic Kashmiris and their descendants also can be found in Pakistan. Invariably, Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir and Pakistan are Muslims.}}</ref> Many ethnic Kashmiri Muslims from the [[Kashmir Valley]] also [[Kashmiris of Punjab|migrated]] to the [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]] region during [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra]] and [[Sikh Empire|Sikh]] rule and adopted the Punjabi language. Surnames used by Kashmiris living in Punjab include Dar (Dhar), Butt (Bhat), lone, Mir, Khuwaja (a term used by converts just like sheikh), Wain (Wani), Sheikh (Saprus), etc. [[Kashmiri language]], or Kashur, belongs to the [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] group and is the most widely spoken Dardic language.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/300213/Jammu-and-Kashmir|title=Introduction}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jktourism.org/index.php/cultural/ethnic-groups|title=Introduction}}</ref> ===Brahuis=== The [[Brahui people|Brahui]] or '''Brahvi''' people are a Pakistani ethnic group of about 2.2 million people with the vast majority found in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]], [[Pakistan]]. They are a small minority group in [[Afghanistan]], where they are native, but they are also found through their diaspora in [[Middle East]]ern states.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOQkpcVcd9AC&pg=PT73|title=Brahuis|encyclopedia=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|author=James B. Minahan|date=30 August 2012|isbn=9781598846607|access-date=21 November 2015}}</ref> They mainly occupy the area in Balochistan from [[Bolan Pass]] through the Bolan Hills to Ras Muari ([[Cape Monze]]) on the Arabian sea, separating the [[Baloch people]] living to the east and west.<ref>{{citation |last=Shah |first=Mahmood Ali |title=Sardari, jirga & local government systems in Balochistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k4iOAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Qasim Printers|pages=6–7}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Minahan |first=James B. |chapter=Brahui |title=Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGClDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |date=31 August 2016 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-954-9 |pages=79–80}}</ref> The Brahuis are almost entirely [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s.<ref name="Andrew Dalby - Hindu origin of Brahui people">{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CnckpL8auSIC&q=brahui+hindu&pg=PA96| title = Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages|publisher = Columbia University Press|access-date = 2010-09-09|isbn = 9780231115698|date = 2004-03-01}}</ref> ===Hindkowans=== [[Hindkowans]] are a Hindko speaking people, they live mainly in the [[Hazara division]] and the [[Peshawar Division]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and there is also a large population of Hindkowans that can be found in the [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar Region]] of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and [[Azad Kashmir]] in Pakistan. They have a population that consists of nearly four million people and they form 2% of [[Pakistan]] entire population.<ref name=":1" /> ===Hazara=== The [[Hazara people]], natives to the present day [[Hazarajat]] ('''Hazaristan'''), are a [[Persian language|Persian]]-speaking people mostly residing in all [[Pakistan]] and specially in [[Quetta]]. Some are citizens of Pakistan while others are refugees. Genetically, the Hazara are a mixture of [[Turko-Persian tradition|Turko-Mongols and Iranian-speaking]] peoples, and those of [[Middle East]] and [[Central Asia]]. The genetic research suggests that they are closely related to the [[Eurasian (mixed ancestry)|Eurasian]] and the [[Uyghurs]]. The [[Pakistani]] Hazaras estimated population is believed to be more than 1,550,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/the-plight-of-the-hazaras-in-pakistan/|title=The Plight of the Hazaras in Pakistan|author=Malik Ayub Sumbal|website=thediplomat.com|publisher=The Diplomat|access-date=25 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/267225/who-are-the-hazara/|title=Who are the Hazara?|publisher=The Express Tribune|date=5 October 2011|website=tribune.com.pk|access-date=25 June 2016}}</ref> ===Burusho people=== The [[Burusho people|Burusho]] or '''Brusho''' people live in the [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]] and [[Yasin Valley|Yasin]] valleys of [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] in northern [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2777/munshis96677.pdf |title=Jammu and Kashmir Burushaski : Language, Language Contact, and Change |publisher=Repositories.lib.utexas.edu |access-date=2013-10-20}}</ref> They are predominantly Muslims. Their language, [[Burushki]], has not been shown to be related to any other language.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://original.britannica.com/eb/article-9018245/ |title=Burushaski language | encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica online }}</ref> The '''Hunzakuts''' or Hunza people, are an ethnically Burusho people indigenous to the Hunza Valley, in the [[Karakorum Mountains]] of northern Pakistan. They are descended from inhabitants of the former principality of [[Hunza (princely state)|Hunza]]. The Hunza's are predominantly [[Shia]] Muslims, with many of them [[Ismaili]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ghoash|first1=Palash|title=Hunza: A Paradise Of High Literacy And Gender Equality In A Remote Corner Of Pakistan|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/hunza-paradise-high-literacy-gender-equality-remote-corner-pakistan-1524688|access-date=31 July 2016|newspaper=International Business Times|date=1 February 2014}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Demographics of Pakistan]] * [[Minorities in Pakistan]] * [[Languages of Pakistan]] * [[Pakistanis]] * [[Indo-Iranian peoples]] ==References== {{reflist|40em}} {{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}} {{Pakistan topics}} {{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethnic Groups In Pakistan}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan| ]]'