Examine individual changes

' {{Culture of Pakistan}} The major ethnic groups of Pakistan in numerical size include: [[Punjabis]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Sindhis]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Muhajir people|Muhajirs]], [[Baloch people|Baloch]]is, [[Hindkowans]], [[Chitrali people|Chitralis]], [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] and other smaller groups. Smaller ethnic groups, such as [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiris]], [[Hindkowans]], [[Kalash people|Kalash]], [[Burusho people|Burusho]], [[Brahui people|Brahui]], [[Khowar people|Khowar]], [[Shina people|Shina]], [[Balti language|Balti]] and [[Turwalis]] are mainly found in the northern parts of the country. Pakistan's census does not include the registered 1.7 million [[Afghans in Pakistan|Afghan refugees]] from neighbouring [[Afghanistan]], who are mainly found in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (KP) and [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] (FATA) areas, with small numbers in the cities of [[Karachi]] and [[Quetta]].<ref name="unhcr">{{cite news|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/49ba5db92.html|title=UNHCR and Pakistan sign new agreement on stay of Afghan refugees|date=March 13, 2009|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|accessdate=23 January 2010}}</ref> Many of them were born inside Pakistan in the last 30 years and are counted as citizens, and most of them are ethnic [[Pakhtuns]] from southeastern Afghanistan.<ref>Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. page 27 (Security Concern about home [https://hrcp-web.org/PDF/RRefugees.pdf link]</ref> About 98% of languages spoken in [[Pakistan]] are of the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] branch (sub-branches: 75% of the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan branch]] and 20% of the [[Iranian languages|Iranian branch]]), a branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family of languages. ==Demographics== Following are the major languages spoken in Pakistan. The percentage of Pakistanis who are native speakers of that language is also given. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;" |+'''Numbers of speakers of larger languages''' !colspan=2|Language !colspan=2|2008 estimate !colspan=2|1998 census !Main areas spoken |- align=right | 1 ! [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] | 76,367,360 | 44.17% | 58,433,431 | 44.15% ! [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] |- align=right | 2 ! [[Pashto language|Pashto]] | 29,342,892 | 24.97% | 20,408,621 | 15.42% ! [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[FATA]], [[Karachi]] and [[Balochistan]] |- align=right | 3 ! [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] | 21,755,908 | 12.64% | 18,661,571 | 14.10% ! [[Sindh]] |- align=right | 4 ! [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] | 18,019,610 | 10.42% | 13,936,594 | 8.53% ! [[South Punjab]] |- align=right | 5 ! [[Urdu language|Urdu]] | 13,120,540 | 7.59% | 10,019,576 | 7.57% ! [[Karachi, Sindh]] |- align=right | 6 ! [[Balochi language|Balochi]] | 6,204,540 | 3.59% | 4,724,871 | 3.57% ! [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] |- align=right | 7 ! [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] | 325,000 | 1.03% | 315,000 | 1.00% ! [[Sindh]] |- align=right | 8 ! Others | 8,089,150 | 3.59% | 6,167,515 | 4.66% ! [[Gilgit Baltistan]] [[Sindh]] and [[Kashmir]] |- align=right | - ! Total | 172,900,000 | 100% | 132,352,279 | 100% ! Pakistan |} ==Major regional ethnic groups== [[Image:Ethnic Groups by Region.jpg|thumb|Ethnic Groups by Region]] [[Image:Ethnic Groups Urban Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Ethnic Groups in Urban Pakistan]] <!-- [[Image:Ethnic Groups Rural Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Ethnic Groups in Rural Pakistan]] --> ===Punjabis=== [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] in Pakistan are multi-ethnical group of people, and can be divided into sub-groups. Punjabis speak the language called Punjabi. Punjabis have many different dialects and that depends in what region of Punjab they are from. They make up 78.7 million (45%) of Pakistan's total population. ===Pashtuns=== [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]] or Pukhtuns (sometimes ''Pathans'') are Pakistan's second largest ethnic group that are native to the land principally west of the [[Indus River]] but can also be found in many major cities of Pakistan. They make up an estimated 27.7 million (15%) of Pakistan's total population.<ref name=brookings>Livingston, Ian S. and [[Michael E. O'Hanlon|Michael O'Hanlon]] (March 30, 2011). "[https://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Programs/foreign%20policy/pakistan%20index/index20110330.PDF Pakistan Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security]". [[Brookings Institution]].</ref> The largest urban population of Pashtuns is interestingly found in the southern coastal city of [[Karachi]] with a fluctuating population estimated up to 7 million. This is then followed by [[Peshawar]], [[Quetta]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Islamabad]], and [[Lahore]] in descending order. They make up the largest ethnic group in neighboring Afghanistan, forming anywhere between 42 to 60% there. Pashtuns practice a unique code of conduct referred to as ''[[Pashtunwali]]'' and are known for their tribal structure. They are an [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] group from the land south of the [[Hindu Kush]] in Afghanistan and west of the [[Indus River]] in Pakistan. ===Sindhis=== Sindhis are multi-ethnical groups of people principally inhabiting the province of [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] from where the river [[Indus]] (in ancient times revered to as ''Sindhus'') runs and subsequently, from which they derive the name Sindh from. Believed to be the inheritors of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, Sindhis are heavily influenced by the adjacent [[Baloch people|Baloch]]s in Pakistan.The [[Gujarati/Godhra]] People Are Also Said To Be Sindhis. Sindhis can also be found in the southern part of Punjab, and there is significant Punjabi influence in the Sindhi population. Sindhis played an influential role in the development of Pakistan, by joining government services specifically in Sindh, however a large number of Sindhis clung to agricultural fields, land owning, politics and establishment. The prominent personalities of Pakistan that hail from Sindh are [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], Pir Sahib Pagara, [[Benazir Bhutto]], [[Muhammad Khan Junejo]], [[Asif Ali Zardari]]. ===Baloch=== The [[Baloch people|Baloch]] as an ethnic group are principally found in the east of Baluchistan province of Pakistan.<ref>Blood, Peter, ed. [https://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+pk0055) "Baloch"]. ''Pakistan: A Country Study''. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1995.</ref> They have also [[settled]] in the adjacent provinces of [[Sindh]] and [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] where their historical chief [[Mir Chakar Khan Rind]] lies buried in [[Satghara]], [[Okara District]] in Central Punjab. The Baloch also inhabit the [[Sistan and Baluchestan|Iranian Baluchistan]] as a small [[ethnic minority]] and have settled in other areas of the Middle East, notably in [[Oman]], [[Yemen]], and the [[UAE]]. These Arabised Baloches are mostly descendants of the Baloches who were sold as slaves and were forced to migrate as labourers during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries A.D.. With the abolition of slavery, they are now free citizens of the countries they have "settled" in. The Arabised Baloches, are now believed to represent almost 30% of the local population of Oman. ==Other major ethnic groups == ===Rajputs === [[Rajputs]] are a major ethnic group native to Punjab and Sindh. They are sometimes referred as [[Punjabi Rajput]] and [[Sindhi Rajput]]. In Punjab most of the Rajput population is found in the areas of [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Jhelum]], [[Okara, Pakistan|Okara]], [[Sheikhupura]] and [[Bahawalpur]] etc. while in Sindh most of the Rajput population is in [[Tharparkar]], [[Umerkot]], [[Larkana]], [[Nawabshah]] and [[Sukkur]]. Rajputs are further divided in different tribes. ===Jatt=== [[Jat people|Jatts]] are a major ethnic group related to Punjab and Azad Kashmir. some are also found in Sindh. ===Hindkowans=== [[Hindkowans]] are believed to be the transitional group of people between [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]] and [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]]. They are also known as Punjabi Pathans/[[Pathans of Punjab]]. Their traditional homeland are areas around [[Hazara division]] including [[Mansehra]], [[Abbottabad]], [[Haripur, Pakistan|Haripur]] and Kohat as well.Hindko is a language which is widely understood in almost all regions of Pakistan.around 1.8 million people speak this language. This language has similarity with the [[Saraiki dialect]] as well which is spoken in Dera Isamail Khan and some parts of [[Sindh]]. ===Arain=== [[Arain]]s are also a major ethnic group of Punjab. some are also found in Sindh. ==Minor ethnic groups== ===Ranghar and Meo=== The [[Ranghar]] and related [[Meo]] are a mixture of different clans, they are (immigrants) from [[Haryana]], [[East Punjab]] and [[Rajasthan]]. Most of them claim a [[Rajput]] origin. The [[Ranghar]], though being part of the [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] diaspora in the undivided Punjab, speak the different dialects of East Punjab with the Punjabi accent and share common traditions, heritage and culture together with [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]]. [[Ranghar]] Community speak '''Ranghari''' language which is itself a dialect of [[Haryanvi language]]. Meo speaks Mewati which is a dialect of [[Rajasthani language]]. They belonged to the Lahore Legislative Council in the pre-[[Pakistan Movement|independence]] era and were forced to leave their homeland along with other Punjabis during the riots of East Punjab in consequence of the [[Pakistan Movement|independence]]. In Areas of [[Pakpattan District]], [[Okara District]], [[Phullarwan]] of [[Sargodha District]], [[Shujabad]] of [[Multan District]] and [[Bahawalnagar District]](specially [[Dunga Bunga]]) which have the densest concentrations of [[Ranghar]], they consist mostly of small peasants, with many serving in the army, police and Civil Services. They maintain an overarching tribal council [[panchayat]] in the '''Ranghari''' dialect, which deals with a number of issues, such as punishments for petty crime or co-operation over village projects. ===Hazara=== The [[Hazara people]], natives to the present day [[Bamyan Province]], are a [[Persian language|Persian]]-speaking people mostly residing in all [[Pakistan]] and specially in [[Quetta]]. Some are citizens of Pakistan while others are refugees. Genetically, the Hazara are a mixture of [[Turko-Persian tradition|Turko-Mongols and Iranian-speaking]] peoples, and those of [[Middle East]] and [[Central Asia]]. The genetic research suggests that they are closely related to the [[Eurasian (mixed ancestry)|Eurasian]] and the Uygurs. The Pakistani Hazaras estimated population is believed to be more than 550,000.<ref>https://thediplomat.com/2013/07/the-plight-of-the-hazaras-in-pakistan/</ref><ref>https://tribune.com.pk/story/267225/who-are-the-hazara/</ref> ===Pamiris=== The [[Pamiri people|Pamiri]] peoples are a diverse group of inter-related people who are often and erroneously called [[Tajiks]] by negligence. They are speakers of many Northeast [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] languages, which includes [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]], [[Sarikuli]], [[Yidgha]] and [[Munji language|Munji]]. The traditional homeland of the [[Pamiris]] is in northern [[Pakistan]], eastern [[Afghanistan]], eastern [[Tajikistan]] and western [[China]] (western highlands of [[Xinjiang]]). The Pakistani [[Pamiris]] are estimated to be over 1 million.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} ===Baltis=== The [[Balti people|Balti]] are an ethnic group of Tibetan descent with some Dardic [[Genetic admixture|admixture]] located in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and Ladakh. In Pakistan they mainly live in the major urban centres of Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad/Rawalpindi. The [[Balti language]] belongs to the [[Tibetic languages]] and is a sub-dialect of [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]. ===Shina people=== The Shina are the [[Dards|Dardic]] people originating in southern [[Gilgit–Baltistan]], [[Chitral]] and western part of [[Kohistan District, North West Frontier Province|Kohistan district]] in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province of [[Pakistan]], as well as [[Dras]] Valley and [[Gurais]]/ Kishenganga Valley region in northern [[Kashmir]] of [[India]]. They also live in some parts of Pakistani [[Kashmir]]. They speak an Indo-Aryan language, called [[Shina language]], with varied dialects. ===Burusho people=== The '''Burusho''' or '''Brusho''' people live in the [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]] and [[Yasin Valley|Yasin]] valleys of [[Gilgit–Baltistan]] in northern [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2777/munshis96677.pdf |title=Jammu and Kashmir Burushaski : Language, Language Contact, and Change |publisher=Repositories.lib.utexas.edu |accessdate=2013-10-20}}</ref> They are predominantly Muslims. Their language, [[Burushaski]], has not been shown to be related to any other.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://original.britannica.com/eb/article-9018245/ |title=Burushaski language | work=Encyclopædia Britannica online }}</ref> The '''Hunzakuts''' or Hunza people, are an ethnically Burusho people indigenous to the Hunza Valley, in the [[Karakorum Mountains]] of northern Pakistan. They are descended from inhabitants of the former principality of [[Hunza (princely state)|Hunza]]. The Hunzas are Shia [[Ismaili]] Muslims.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=rjpISIxkOmEC&pg=PA263&dq=hunza+are+members+of+ismaili+aga+khan#v=onepage&q=hunza%20are%20members%20of%20ismaili%20aga%20khan&f=false|title=Lost cities of China, Central Asia, & India|author=David Hatcher Childress|year=1998|publisher=Adventures Unlimited Press|page=263|isbn=0-932813-07-0|accessdate=2011-01-23}}</ref> ===Chitralis=== The [[Chitrali people]] live in the northernmost part of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] belong mostly to the Khow ethnic group, but there are more than ten other ethnic groups represented in Chitral. Despite their diverse ethnic, religious and linguistic backgrounds they have a strong unity and share a common culture and use Chitrali as a lingua franca. The [[State of Chitral]] used to be a [[Princely State]] of Pakistan until its complete amalgamation into Pakistan in 1969. ===Kalash=== The [[Kalash people|Kalash]] or Kalasha, are a unique ethnic group of the Hindu Kush, settling in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalash language, a member of the Dardic family. The culture of Kalash people is unique and differs drastically from the various ethnic groups surrounding them. They are polytheists and nature plays a highly significant and spiritual role in their daily life. As part of their religious tradition, sacrifices are offered and festivals held to give thanks for the abundant resources of their three valleys. The Kalash pantheon is the last untouched, living representative of Indo-European mythology. ===Gujarati=== The [[Gujarati People]] or Godhra, Are An Ethnic Group Of [[Sindh]] Are Setteled In [[Sindh,Pakistan]], Mostly In The Cities Of [[Sindh]] Karachi,Kotri,Tando Adam,Hyderabad,Mirpur, They Speak Gujarati Language, Some Are The Permanent Citizens Of Pakistan While Others Came From India State [[Gujarat]] At The Time Of Partition In 1947, The Pakistani Gujaratis Estimated Population Is Believed To Be More Than 325,000.Their Main Centre In [[Sindh,Pakistan]] Is In Karachi,Named As [[Godhra]]. ==See also== * [[Demographics of Pakistan]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}} {{Pakistan topics}} {{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}bbbbbaaeeeeeeeffffffffffff {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethnic Groups In Pakistan}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan|*]]'