The skunk ape is a large and hairy human-like mythical creature purported to inhabit the forests and swamps in the southeastern United States, most notably in Florida.[5][6] It is often compared to, synonymous with, or called the "cousin" of Bigfoot, a prominent subject within North American popular culture.[7]
 Statue depicting the skunk ape | |
| Similar entities | Honey Island Swamp monster, Fouke Monster |
|---|---|
| Folklore | Cryptid |
| First attested | 1818 |
| Other name(s) | |
| Country | United States |
| Region | Southeastern United States |
Many dubious articles have been presented in an attempt to prove the skunk ape's existence, including anecdotal sightings, disputed photographs, audio and video recordings, and casts of large footprints.[8] The majority of mainstream scientists have historically discounted the existence of the skunk ape, considering it to be the result of a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax, rather than a living animal.[9] The skunk ape has entered the popular culture of the southern United States, especially in Florida.[10]
Description
editThe skunk ape is commonly described as a bipedal human or ape-like creature, approximately 1.5–2.1 m (5–7 feet) tall, and covered in mottled reddish-brown hair.[11] The skunk ape is often reported to be smaller in stature compared to traditional descriptions of Bigfoot from the northern United States and Canada.[12] It is named for its foul odor, often described as being similar to that of a skunk.[13]
History
editContemporary descriptions of the skunk ape in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama folklore have occurred since European settlers first occupied the region.[14] In 1818, local newspapers reported a story from what is now Apalachicola, Florida, that spoke of a "man-sized monkey" raiding food stores and stalking fishermen along the shore.[15] Cryptozoologists have made unsubstantiated claims that Seminole and Miccosukee culture includes stories of a foul-smelling, physically powerful, and secretive creature called Esti Capcaki, a name which roughly translates to "Furry Tall Man" or "Hairy Giant".[16]
Notable alleged sightings
editIn 1929, an alleged sighting occurred at the famous and then recently constructed Perky Bat Tower at the Florida Keys. Witnesses reported that an unknown ape-like creature was drawn to the construction site. After inspecting the bat tower shortly after it had been stocked with bats, the creature shook the tower, driving off the bats before running off into the woods.[17]
In 1942, a man in Suwanee County reported a similar creature rushing out from the brush line while he was driving down an isolated road. It was alleged to have grabbed onto his vehicle and beat on the running board and door for half a mile before departing.[7] In the small community of Bardin, in Putnam County, Florida, beginning in the 1940s, there were a number of alleged sightings of a creature that came to be known as the Bardin Booger.[18] In the 1960s, a rash of sightings in central Florida happened around Alachua County and Marion County. One such report from 1963 involved several members of a family encountering an ape-like creature around their rural home, including one instance of it approaching a window to peer inside at night. [19]
Reports of the skunk ape were particularly common in the 1950s through the 1970s. The Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization has archived hundreds of alleged sightings across almost every county of Florida, beginning in 1955 into the present day.[20]
In the 1970s, two Palm Beach County sheriff's deputies named Marvin Lewis and Ernie Milner reported that an ape-like creature stalked them through a grove before they shot at it with their firearms. They reported following a trail of footprints where they recovered hair snagged on a barbed wire fence line that had been pushed down.[21] In 1971 to 1975, a rash of sightings occurred in Broward County and surrounding areas. Multiple eyewitnesses reported nocturnal encounters with a 5 to 7 foot (1.5–2.1 meter) ape-like creature with dark red to black fur. These events were heavily covered in newspapers, both local and in other Florida cities such as Miami, and were some of the earliest instances popularizing the term "Skunk Ape" in the state lexicon. Reports alleged that the skunk ape had invaded homes, stalked people, and killed several of a farmer's livestock including a horse and a bull. The local police department investigated after one law enforcement officer reported striking the skunk ape with his car. Posses were formed in an effort to locate the alleged creature, but no body or evidence was found.[22]
In 1977, a failed-to-pass bill was proposed to the Florida state legislature to make it illegal to "take, possess, harm or molest anthropoids or humanoid animals".[23]
Several Everglades wildlife tour bus operators and their guests have reported alleged sightings.[24] In July 1997, one such operator, David Shealy, reported wildlife bait stands laden with lima bean had been raided and he noticed strange tracks surrounding them. He baited several locations with more lima beans and multiple witnesses reported skunk ape sightings soon after. Shealy and others attributed this instance to high seasonal flooding having driven numerous animals into tighter ranges around higher ground.[25] One such sighting was by Everglades tour operators Steve Goodbread and Dow Rowland; some of their guests reported skunk ape sightings as well. Both operators claimed that 38 °C (100 °F) weather, high humidity, and the rural location would make a hoax unlikely.[26]
In 1997, a photograph of a dark upright figure in the swamp was taken by Ochopee Fire Control District Chief Vince Doerr that he claims depicts a skunk ape. He reported observing the creature cross the road, and stopped his car to capture a photograph. Within two weeks, over fifty people reported alleged sightings of a hairy creature within the Big Cypress National Preserve.[27]
In the year 2000, the Sarasota County Sheriff's Office received two anonymous photos depicting a large, hairy, ape-like creature. The author of the letter claimed to be an elderly woman who reported the creature had been stealing apples from her back porch near I-75, and upon surprising it with a camera she was afraid it was an escaped orangutan that might harm her family. The scrutinized photos, dubbed the "Myakka skunk ape," remain a polarizing topic and their authenticity remains debated. One critique highlighting the photographs as a potential hoax is the subject's resemblance to a Bigfoot statue known from a Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum.[citation needed]
Sightings continue to the present day, with forty-eight out of sixty-seven counties in Florida reporting sightings since 2010.[28]
Proposed explanations
editMost anecdotal reports and alleged visual evidence are deemed to be fabrication or hoaxes.[29] Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has written that some of the reports may represent sightings of the Florida black bear, possibly some suffering from mange, and it is likely that other sightings are hoaxes or general misidentification of wildlife.[30] The United States National Park Service considers the skunk ape to be a hoax.[31]
In popular culture
editThe skunk ape has been widely adopted across Florida as an unofficial mascot for wilderness and rural culture, including appearing in roadside businesses and attractions, television commercials, and on signs.[32] During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Orlando's Gatorland park used the skunk ape's reported foul smell to promote social distancing.[33]
The skunk ape is often the subject of conferences that host guest speakers, research presentations, trail running events, and vendors.[34]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Bertelli, Brad. "The Skunk Ape Lives… in the Florida Keys". FLKeys News. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
- ^ Perry, Catie (27 January 2021). "Florida's Bigfoot? Residents share their sightings of 'massive' Skunk Ape". foxnews.com. Fox News. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ Holland, Kaylee (16 October 2019). "Does Florida's Bigfoot really exist?". laltoday.6amcity.com. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ Chapman, Dan (28 October 2020). "Not even Swamp Ape legend deters hunters from flocking to Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge". fws.gov. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- ^ "skunk ape". oed.com. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Lennon, Vince (2003-10-22). "Is a Skunk Ape Loose in Campbell County?". WATE 6 News. WorldNow and WATE. Archived from the original on 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
- ^ a b Desjarlais 2020, p.17
- ^ "'In The Everglades, Anything Is Possible': Legend Of Florida's Skunk Ape Lives On". miami.cbslocal.com. WFOR-TV. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ Capozzi, Joe (27 June 2019). "South Florida's elusive Bigfoot: Does the Skunk Ape really exist?". palmbeachpost.com. The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "BFRO Report 44837: Years of South Florida Skunk Ape stories supported by witness accounts and newspaper articles". www.bfro.net. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
- ^ Carey, Nick (2 March 2007). "Skunk ape tracker seeks to protect the creature". reuters.com. Reuters. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ Times, Dean PolingThe Valdosta Daily (28 April 2010). "Planet of the Skunk Apes". Valdosta Daily Times. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ Montgomery, Madeline (8 January 2021). "The legend of skunk ape creeps up the East Coast". cbs12.com. WPEC. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ Stromberg, Joseph. "On the Trail of Florida's Bigfoot – the Skunk Ape". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ Robinson, Robert (2016). Legend Tripping (1st ed.). Adventures Unlimited Press. ISBN 978-1-939149-69-5.
- ^ Childress, David (2018). Bigfoot nation : the history of sasquatch in North America. Adventures Unlimited Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-939149-96-1.
- ^ Bertelli, Brad (8 April 2021). "Southernmost Skunk Ape Society reports 1929 sighting at Bat Tower". Florida Keys Weekly Newspapers. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ "Legend of the Bardin Booger".
- ^ "BFRO Report 41995: Memory told of a close encounter with a man-ape outside Gainesville". www.bfro.net. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ "BFRO Geographical Database of Bigfoot Sightings & Reports". www.bfro.net. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ Kleinberg, Eliot. "South Florida skunk ape sightings peaked in '70s". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 23 September 2021.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "BFRO Report 44837: Years of South Florida Skunk Ape stories supported by witness accounts and newspaper articles". www.bfro.net. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ "Area was famous for close encounters with Cryptid 'Skunk Apes'". Immokalee Bulletin. 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-09-17.
- ^ Magazine, Smithsonian; Stromberg, Joseph. "On the Trail of Florida's Bigfoot – the Skunk Ape". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Desjarlais 2020, pp.16–25
- ^ Desjarlais 2020, pp.18–20
- ^ Desjarlais 2020, p.22
- ^ "Reports for Florida". www.bfro.net. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Speigel, Lee (1 February 2015). "Another Skunk Ape (Or Bigfoot Hoaxer) Rears Its Ugly Head in Florida". HuffPost. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ Nickell, Joe. "Tracking Florida's Skunk Ape". Archived from the original on 2014-07-25. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
- ^ "The abominable swampman". BBC News. 1998-03-06. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
- ^ "Official Skunk Ape Headquarters". Everglades Adventure Tours. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
- ^ Winningham, Cathleigh (19 May 2020). "Skunk Ape: Here's how Gatorland will enforce social distancing". WKMG. Click Orlando.
- ^ Moyer, Matthew (14 February 2023). "The Great Florida Bigfoot Conference stomps into Central Florida this spring". orlandoweekly.com. Orlando Weekly. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
Sources
edit- Desjarlais, Jacob (September 15, 2020). The Florida Skunk Ape: A Complete History (Conspiracy Chapbooks Book 1). self-published. Retrieved 25 September 2021.