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Hajiyeh Seyyedeh Nosrat Begum Amin, also known as Banu Amin, Lady Amin (Persian: بانو امين; 1886–1983), was Iran's most outstanding female jurisprudent, theologian and great Muslim mystic (‘arif) of the 20th century, a Lady Mujtahideh. She received numerous ijazahs (permissions) of ijtihad, among them from Ayatollahs Muḥammad Kazim Ḥusayni Shīrāzī (1873-1947) and Grand Ayatullah ‘arif (1859-1937), the founder of the Qom seminaries (hawza).[1]
Lady Mujtahedah Lady Amin | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1886 |
| Died | 1983 (aged 96–97) Isfahan, Iran |
She also granted numerous ijazahs of ijtihad to female and male scholars, among them Sayyid Mar'ashi Najafi.[2]
She wrote several books about Islamic sciences, among them a tafsir in 15 volumes, and established a maktab in Isfahan in 1965, called Maktab-e Fatimah. The maktab was directed since its inception until 1992 by Banu Amin's most prominent student, Zīnah al-Sādāt Humāyūnī (b. 1917). After 1992, Ḥajj Āqā Ḥasan Imāmi, a relative of Humāyūnī’s, took over the directorship.[3]
Banu Amin was born into a merchant family. Nuṣrat Amīn’s husband was her cousin Haj Mirza, also known as Muīn al-Tujjar. Her father is known by the name of Haj Sayyid Muḥammad ʿAlī Amīn al-Tujjar. His sister Hāshimīyah al-Tujjar was a mujtahidah herself who received ijtihād degrees in fiqh and uṣūl. Further, Nuṣrat Amīn had a niece, Iffat al-Zamān Amīn (1912-1977), also known as Iftikhār al-Tujjar, who was one of her most prominent students and who received an ijazah of riwāya in Najaf by Ayatullah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi.
Banu Amin had eight children, only one of whom survived her (Sayyid Muḥammad ʿAlī Muʿīn Amīn). She was buried at the Takht-e Fulad Cemetery in Isfahan.[4]
Works
edit- al-Arbaʿīn al-Hāshimīyyah
- Jā̄miʿ al-shatāt
- Al-Nafaḥāt al-Raḥmānīyah fī al-Vāridāt al-Qalbīyah
- Sayr va Sulūk dar Ravish-i Awliyāʼ-i Allāh
- Akhlāq va Rahi Sa‘adat: Iqtibas va tarjamih az Taharat al-Iraqi Ibn Maskuyih
- Ravish-i Khushbakhtī va Tawsīyih bih Khāharān-i Imani
- Makhzan al-ʿirfān dar ʿulūm-i Qurʾān
- Makhzan al-laālī dar fazīlat-i mawlá al-mawālī hazrat-i Alī ibn Abītālib
- Maʿād, yā Ākharīn Sayr-i Bashar
Biographies and documentation
edit- ʻAmū Khalīlī, Marjān. Kawkab-i durrī: [sharḥ-i ahvāl-i bānū-ye mujtahidah Amīn], (Tehran: Payām-e ʻAdālat, 1379 [2000]).
- Bāqirī Bīdʾhindī, Nāṣir. Bānū-yi nimūnah: gilwahāyī az ḥayāt-i bānū-yi mujtahidah Amīn Iṣfahānī, (Daftar-i Tablīqat-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawzah-yi ʿilmīyah-yi - Islamic Propagation Office of the Religious Seminaries Qom), Markaz-i Intishārāt, Qom 1382 [2003].
- Tayyibī, Nāhīd. Zindagānī-yi Bānū-yi Īrānī: Bānū-yi Mujtahidah Nuṣrat al-Sādāt Amīn, (Qom: Sābiqūn Publishers, 1380 [2001]).
- Majmūʻah-ʾi maqālāt wa sukhanrānīhā-yi avvalīn wa duvumīn Kungrih-ʾi Buzurgdāsht-i Bānū-yi Mujtahidah Sayyidah Nuṣrat Amīn (rah), Markaz-i Muṭālaʻāt wa Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī, Daftar-i Muṭālaʻāt-i Farhangī-i Bānūwān, Qom, 1995 (1374).
- Yādnāmah-i bānū-yi mujtahidah Nuṣrat al-Sādāt Amīn: mashhūr bih Bānū-yi Īrāni, (Isfahan: Vizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī; Markaz-i Muṭālaʿāt-i wa Tahqīqāt-i Farhangī, 1371 [1992]).
Further reading
edit- Izadi, Maryam-ol-Sadaat; Nafise, Ahl-Sarmadi (2012). "THE FOUR JOURNEYS TOWARD CONDUCT FROM LADY AMIN'S POINT OF VIEW" (PDF). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 4 (2): 299–309. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- "Evaluating "Feminism" Based on Lady Amin's Opinion in the Interpretation book of "Makhzan al-Erfan"". Safineh Journal. 16 (64): 57–46. 2019. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- Nahid, Tayyebi (2021). "The Role of Lady Amin in the Development of Islamic Sciences with an Emphasis on Interpretive Knowledge and Method". Magiran. 18 (133): 33. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- Baarkoosaraei, S.K; Fa'ali, M.T; Vakili, H (2021). "A Study on the Influence of Banu Amin Mystical School from Molla Sadra, Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, Feyz Kashani and Ibn Arabi". Journal of Comparative Literature Studies. 15 (60): 179–200. doi:10.30495/CLQ.2021.1902748.1912. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
See also
editReferences and notes
edit- ^ See ʻAmū Khalīlī, Marjān. Kawkab-i durrī: [sharḥ-i ahvāl-i bānū-ye mujtahidah Amīn], (Tehran: Payām-e ʻAdālat, 1379 [2000]).
- ^ See Mirjam Künkler and Roja Fazaeli, ‘The Life of Two Mujtahidas: Female Religious Authority in 20th Century Iran’, in Women, Leadership and Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority, ed. Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach (Brill Publishers, 2012), 127-160. SSRN 1884209
- ^ "Religious Jurist Banu Amin". University of Kufa.
- ^ See Badry, Roswitha. ‘Zum Profil weiblicher ‘Ulama’ in Iran: Neue Rollenmodelle für ‘islamische Feministinnen’?’, in Die Welt des Islams XL, no. 1. (March 2000), 7-40.
- Ladan, Rahbari (2020). "Women's Ijtihad and Lady Amin's Islamic ethics on womanhood and motherhood". Religions. 11 (2): 33. doi:10.3390/rel11020088. hdl:1854/LU-8647522. Retrieved 2023-02-22.