The Jwauijeong [tɕwa ɰi tɕʌŋ], also known as the Left State Councilor[citation needed] or Second State Councilor,[1][2] was a member of the Uijeongbu. The Jwauijeong was subordinate in rank only to the Yeonguijeong, the highest-ranking official of the Joseon government, during the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1392–1910).[3] Only one official was appointed to the position and was variously referred to as Jwasang, Jwajeongseung, Jwagyu, Jwahap, or Jwadae.[3]
| Jwauijeong | |
 Portrait of Ha Yeon who served as Jwauijeong during the King Sejong's reign. | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 좌의정/ 좌상/ 좌정승/ 좌규/ 좌합/ 좌대 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Jwauijeong[1]/ Jwasang / Jwajeongseung / Jwagyu / Jwahap / Jwadae |
| McCune–Reischauer | chwaŭijŏng / chwasang/ chwakyu / chwahap / chwadae |
Since its foundation, the Joseon dynasty, which had succeeded to the state apparatus of the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392), had been adjusting its government organization. In 1400, the second year after King Jeongjong came to the throne, he renamed the Dopyeong Assembly (都評議事司),[4] the highest organ in charge of the state affairs of Goryeo, to Uijeongbu and created the post of Jwauijeong along with that of Uuijeong (Third State Councilor) and Yeonguijeong (Chief State Councilor).[5] The three officials were collectively referred to as the Samjeongseung ('three top officials')[6] or the Samuijeong ('three high councilors').[3]
List of Left State Councilors
edit| Name | In office | Kings | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name in English | Name in Hangul | Name in Hanja | |||
| Bae Geuk-ryeom | 배극렴 | 裵克廉 | 1392 | Taejo | as Munha Jwasijung (문하좌시중) |
| Jo Jun | 조준 | 趙浚 | 1392-1399 | Taejo | as Munha Jwajeongseung (문하좌정승) |
| Sim Deok-bu | 심덕부 | 沈德符 | 1399-1400 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Seong Seok-rin | 성석린 | 成石璘 | 1400 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Min Je | 민제 | 閔霽 | 1400 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Yi Geo-i | 이거이 | 李居易 | 1400-1401 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Kim Sa-hyeong | 김사형 | 金士衡 | 1401-1402 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1402-1404 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Jo Jun | 조준 | 趙浚 | 1404-1405 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1405-1407 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Seong Seok-rin | 성석린 | 成石璘 | 1407-1412 | Jeongjong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1412-1414 | Taejong | as Munha Jwajeongseung |
| Nam Jae | 남재 | 南在 | 1414-1415 | Taejong | |
| Ha Ryun | 하륜 | 河崙 | 1415-1416 | Taejong | |
| Ryu Jeong-hyeon | 류정현 | 柳廷顯 | 1416 | Taejong | |
| Park Eun | 박은 | 朴訔 | 1416-1421 | Taejong | |
| Yi Won | 이원 | 李原 | 1421-1426 | Sejong | |
| Ryu Jeong-hyeon | 류정현 | 柳廷顯 | 1426 | Taejong | |
| Yi Jik | 이직 | 李稷 | 1426-1427 | Sejong | |
| Hwang Hui | 황희 | 黃喜 | 1427-1430 | Sejong | |
| Maeng Sa-seong | 맹사성 | 孟思誠 | 1431-1435 | Sejong | |
| Choi Yun-deok | 최윤덕 | 崔閏德 | 1435-1436 | Sejong | |
| Heo Jo | 허조 | 許稠 | 1439 | Sejong | |
| Sin Gae | 신개 | 申槩 | 1445-1446 | Sejong | |
| Ha Yeon | 하연 | 河演 | 1447-1449 | Sejong | |
| Hwang-bo In | 황보인 | 皇甫仁 | 1449-1451 | Sejong | |
| Nam Ji | 남지 | 南智 | 1451-1452 | Munjong | |
| Kim Jong-seo | 김종서 | 金宗瑞 | 1452-1453 | Danjong | |
| Jeong In-ji | 정인지 | 鄭麟趾 | 1453-1455 | Danjong | |
| Han Hwak | 한확 | 韓確 | 1455-1456 | Sejo | |
| Yi Sa-cheol | 이사철 | 李思哲 | 1456 | Sejo | |
| Jeong Chang-son | 정창손 | 鄭昌孫 | 1457-1458 | Sejo | |
| Gang Maeng-gyeong | 강맹경 | 姜孟卿 | 1458-1459 | Sejo | |
| Sin Suk-ju | 신숙주 | 申叔舟 | 1459-1462 | Sejo | |
| Gwon Ram | 권람 | 權擥 | 1462-1463 | Sejo | |
| Han Myeong-hoe | 한명회 | 韓明澮 | 1463-1464 | Sejo | |
| Gu Ji-gwan | 구치관 | 具致寬 | 1464-1466 | Sejo | |
| Hwang Su-sin | 황수신 | 黃守身 | 1466 | Sejo | |
| Sim Hoe | 심회 | 沈澮 | 1466-1467 | Sejo | |
| Choe Hang | 최항 | 崔恒 | 1467 | Sejo | |
| Jo Seok-mun | 조석문 | 曺錫文 | 1467 | Sejo | |
| Hong Dal-son | 홍달손 | 洪達孫 | 1467-1468 | Sejo | |
| Park Won-hyeong | 박원형 | 朴元亨 | 1468 | Sejo | |
| Kim Jil | 김질 | 金礩 | 1468-1469 | Yejong | |
| Hong Yun-seong | 홍윤성 | 洪允成 | 1469 | Yejong | |
| Yun Ja-un | 윤자운 | 尹子雲 | 1469-1470 | Yejong | |
| Kim Guk-gwang | 김국광 | 金國光 | 1470-1471 | Seongjong | |
| Choe Hang | 최항 | 崔恒 | 1471-1474 | Seongjong | |
| Han Myeong-hoe | 한명회 | 韓明澮 | 1474-1476 | Seongjong | |
| Jo Seok-mun | 조석문 | 曺錫文 | 1476 | Seongjong | |
| Sim Hoe | 심회 | 沈澮 | 1476-1479 | Seongjong | |
| Yun Pil-sang | 윤필상 | 尹弼商 | 1479-1485 | Seongjong | |
| Hong Eung | 홍응 | 洪應 | 1485-1492 | Seongjong | |
| No Sa-sin | 노사신 | 盧思愼 | 1492-1495 | Seongjong | |
| Shin Seung-seon | 신승선 | 愼承善 | 1495 | Yeonsangun | |
| Jeong Gwal | 정괄 | 鄭佸 | 1495 | Yeonsangun | |
| Eo Se-gyeom | 어세겸 | 魚世謙 | 1496-1498 | Yeonsangun | |
| Han Chi-hyeong | 한치형 | 韓致亨 | 1498-1500 | Yeonsangun | |
| Seong Jun | 성준 | 成俊 | 1500-1503 | Yeonsangun | |
| Yi Geuk-gyun | 이극균 | 李克均 | 1503-1504 | Yeonsangun | |
| Ryu Sun | 류순 | 柳洵 | 1504 | Yeonsangun | |
| Heo Chim | 허침 | 許琛 | 1504-1505 | Yeonsangun | |
| Park Sung-jil | 박숭질 | 朴崇質 | 1505-1506 | Yeonsangun | |
| Shin Su-geun | 신수근 | 愼守勤 | 1506 | Yeonsangun | |
| Kim Su-dong | 김수동 | 金壽童 | 1506 | Jungjong | |
| Park Won-jong | 박원종 | 朴元宗 | 1506-1509 | Jungjong | |
| Ryu Sun-jeong | 류순정 | 柳順汀 | 1509-1512 | Jungjong | |
| Seong Hui-an | 성희안 | 成希顔 | 1512-1513 | Jungjong | |
| Song Jil | 송질 | 宋軼 | 1513 | Jungjong | |
| Jeong Gwang-pil | 정광필 | 鄭光弼 | 1513-1516 | Jungjong | |
| Kim Eung-gi | 김응기 | 金應箕 | 1516-1518 | Jungjong | |
| Shin Yong-gae | 신용개 | 申用漑 | 1518-1519 | Jungjong | |
| An Dang | 안당 | 安瑭 | 1519 | Jungjong | |
| Nam Gon | 남곤 | 南袞 | 1519-1523 | Jungjong | |
| Yi Yu-cheong | 이유청 | 李惟淸 | 1523-1527 | Jungjong | |
| Jeong Gwang-pil | 정광필 | 鄭光弼 | 1527 | Jungjong | |
| Sim Jeong | 심정 | 沈貞 | 1527-1530 | Jungjong | |
| Yi Hang | 이항 | 李沆 | 1530-1531 | Jungjong | |
| Jang Sun-son | 장순손 | 張順孫 | 1531-1533 | Jungjong | |
| Han Hyo-won | 한효원 | 韓效元 | 1533-1534 | Jungjong | |
| Kim Geun-sa | 김근사 | 金謹思 | 1534-1535 | Jungjong | |
| Kim Ahn-ro | 김안로 | 金安老 | 1535-1537 | Jungjong | |
| Yun Eun-bo | 윤은보 | 尹殷輔 | 1537 | Jungjong | |
| Ryu Bu | 류부 | 柳溥 | 1537 | Jungjong | |
| Hong Eon-pil | 홍언필 | 洪彦弼 | 1537-1545 | Jungjong | |
| Yun In-gyeong | 윤인경 | 尹仁鏡 | 1545 | Injong | |
| Ryu Gwan | 류관 | 柳灌 | 1545 | Injong | |
| Seong Se-chang | 성세창 | 成世昌 | 1545 | Myeongjong | |
| Yi Gi | 이기 | 李芑 | 1545-1548 | Myeongjong | |
| Hong Eon-pil | 홍언필 | 洪彦弼 | 1548 | Myeongjong | |
| Yun In-gyeong | 윤인경 | 尹仁鏡 | 1548 | Myeongjong | |
| Hwang Heon | 황헌 | 黃憲 | 1548-1549 | Myeongjong | |
| Sim Yeon-won | 심연원 | 沈連源 | 1549-1551 | Myeongjong | |
| Sang Jin | 상진 | 尙震 | 1551-1558 | Myeongjong | |
| Yun Gae | 윤개 | 尹漑 | 1558 | Myeongjong | |
| An Hyeon | 안현 | 安玹 | 1558-1560 | Myeongjong | |
| Yi Jun-gyeong | 이준경 | 李浚慶 | 1560-1564 | Myeongjong | |
| Sim Tong-won | 심통원 | 沈通源 | 1564-1565 | Myeongjong | |
| Yi Myeong | 이명 | 李蓂 | 1565-1567 | Myeongjong, Seonjo | |
| Gwon Cheol | 권철 | 權轍 | 1567-1571 | Seonjo | |
| Hong Seom | 홍섬 | 洪暹 | 1571-1573 | Seonjo | |
| Park Sun | 박순 | 朴淳 | 1573-1574 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Tak | 이탁 | 李鐸 | 1574 | Seonjo | |
| Park Sun | 박순 | 朴淳 | 1574-1576 | Seonjo | |
| Hong Seom | 홍섬 | 洪暹 | 1576-1578 | Seonjo | |
| No Su-sin | 노수신 | 盧守愼 | 1578-1581 | Seonjo | |
| Kim Gwi-yeong | 김귀영 | 金貴榮 | 1581-1583 | Seonjo | |
| Jeong Yu-gil | 정유길 | 鄭惟吉 | 1583-1584 | Seonjo | |
| No Su-sin | 노수신 | 盧守愼 | 1584-1585 | Seonjo | |
| Jeong Yu-gil | 정유길 | 鄭惟吉 | 1585-1588 | Seonjo | |
| Ryu Jeon | 류전 | 柳琠 | 1588-1589 | Seonjo | |
| Yi San-hae | 이산해 | 李山海 | 1589-1590 | Seonjo | |
| Jeong Cheol | 정철 | 鄭澈 | 1590-1591 | Seonjo | |
| Ryu Seong-ryong | 류성룡 | 柳成龍 | 1591-1592 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Yang-won | 이양원 | 李陽元 | 1592 | Seonjo | |
| Choi Heung-won | 최흥원 | 崔興源 | 1592 | Seonjo | |
| Yun Doo-su | 윤두수 | 尹斗壽 | 1592-1594 | Seonjo | |
| Yu Hong | 유홍 | 兪泓 | 1594 | Seonjo | |
| Kim Eung-nam | 김응남 | 金應南 | 1595-1597 | Seonjo | |
| Yun Doo-su | 윤두수 | 尹斗壽 | 1598 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Won-ik | 이원익 | 李元翼 | 1598 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Deok-hyeong | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1598-1599 | Seonjo | |
| Sim Su-gyeong | 심수경 | 沈守慶 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Deok-hyeong | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Deok-hyeong | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1599 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Heon-guk | 이헌국 | 李憲國 | 1599-1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Jeong Tak | 정탁 | 鄭琢 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Won-ik | 이원익 | 李元翼 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1600 | Seonjo | |
| Yi Heon-guk | 이헌국 | 李憲國 | 1600-1601 | Seonjo | |
| Kim Myeong-won | 김명원 | 金命元 | 1601-1602 | Seonjo | |
| Yun Seung-hun | 윤승훈 | 尹承勳 | 1602-1604 | Seonjo | |
| Ryu Yeong-gyeong | 류영경 | 柳永慶 | 1604 | Seonjo | |
| Gi Ja-heon | 기자헌 | 奇自獻 | 1604-1606 | Seonjo | |
| Sim Hui-su | 심희수 | 沈喜壽 | 1606 | Seonjo | |
| Heo Uk | 허욱 | 許頊 | 1606-1608 | Seonjo | |
| Gi Ja-heon | 기자헌 | 奇自獻 | 1608 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1608-1611 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Yi Deok-hyeong | 이덕형 | 李德馨 | 1611-1612 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Yi Hang-bok | 이항복 | 李恒福 | 1612-1613 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Jeong In-hong | 정인홍 | 鄭仁弘 | 1614-1617 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Jeong Chang-yeon | 정창연 | 鄭昌衍 | 1617-1618 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Han Hyo-sun | 한효순 | 韓孝純 | 1618 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Min Mong-ryong | 민몽룡 | 閔夢龍 | 1618 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Park Seung-jong | 박승종 | 朴承宗 | 1618-1619 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Park Hong-gu | 박홍구 | 朴弘耉 | 1619-1623 | Gwanghaegun | |
| Jeong Chang-yeon | 정창연 | 鄭昌衍 | 1623 | Injo | |
| Yun Bang | 윤방 | 尹昉 | 1623-1627 | Injo | |
| Shin Heum | 신흠 | 申欽 | 1627 | Injo | |
| O Yun-gyeom | 오윤겸 | 吳允謙 | 1627-1628 | Injo | |
| Kim Ryu | 김류 | 金瑬 | 1628-1631 | Injo | |
| Yi Jeong-gu | 이정구 | 李廷龜 | 1631-1632 | Injo | |
| Kim Ryu | 김류 | 金瑬 | 1633 | Injo | |
| O Yun-gyeom | 오윤겸 | 吳允謙 | 1633-1636 | Injo | |
| Hong Seo-bong | 홍서봉 | 洪瑞鳳 | 1636-1637 | Injo | |
| Yi Seong-gu | 이성구 | 李聖求 | 1637 | Injo | |
| Choe Myeong-gil | 최명길 | 崔鳴吉 | 1637-1638 | Injo | |
| Shin Gyeong-jin | 신경진 | 申景禛 | 1638-1643 | Injo | |
| Sin Yeol | 심열 | 沈悅 | 1643 | Injo | |
| Sin Gi-won | 심기원 | 沈器遠 | 1643 | Injo | |
| Kim Ja-jeom | 김자점 | 金自點 | 1643-1644 | Injo | |
| Sin Yeol | 심열 | 沈悅 | 1644 | Injo | |
| Hong Seo-bong | 홍서봉 | 洪瑞鳳 | 1644 | Injo | |
| Sin Yeol | 심열 | 沈悅 | 1644-1645 | Injo | |
| Hong Seo-bong | 홍서봉 | 洪瑞鳳 | 1645 | Injo | |
| Kim Ja-jeom | 김자점 | 金自點 | 1646 | Injo | |
| Kim Sang-heon | 김상헌 | 金尙憲 | 1646 | Injo | |
| Yi Gyeong-seok | 이경석 | 李景奭 | 1647 | Injo | |
| Nam Yi-ung | 남이웅 | 南以雄 | 1648 | Injo | |
| Yi Gyeong-seok | 이경석 | 李景奭 | 1648-1649 | Injo | |
| Kim Sang-heon | 김상헌 | 金尙憲 | 1649 | Hyojong | |
| Jeong Tae-hwa | 정태화 | 鄭太和 | 1649 | Hyojong | |
| Jo Ik | 조익 | 趙翼 | 1649-1650 | Hyojong | |
| Jeong Tae-hwa | 정태화 | 鄭太和 | 1650 | Hyojong | |
| Jo Ik | 조익 | 趙翼 | 1649-1650 | Hyojong | |
| Yi Si-baek | 이시백 | 李時白 | 1650-1651 | Hyojong | |
| Kim Yuk | 김육 | 金堉 | 1651-1654 | Hyojong | |
| Yi Si-baek | 이시백 | 李時白 | 1654 | Hyojong | |
| Gu In-hu | 구인후 | 具仁垕 | 1654-1656 | Hyojong | |
| Sim Ji-won | 심지원 | 沈之源 | 1656-1657 | Hyojong | |
| Won Doo-pyo | 원두표 | 元斗杓 | 1657-1659 | Hyojong | |
| Sim Ji-won | 심지원 | 沈之源 | 1659-1662 | Hyeonjong | |
| Won Doo-pyo | 원두표 | 元斗杓 | 1662-1664 | Hyeonjong | |
| Hong Myeong-ha | 홍명하 | 洪命夏 | 1664-1667 | Hyeonjong | |
| Heo Jeok | 허적 | 許積 | 1667 | Hyeonjong | |
| Jeong Chi-hwa | 정치화 | 鄭致和 | 1668 | Hyeonjong | |
| Heo Jeok | 허적 | 許積 | 1668-1671 | Hyeonjong | |
| Jeong Chi-hwa | 정치화 | 鄭致和 | 1671-1672 | Hyeonjong | |
| Song Si-yeol | 송시열 | 宋時烈 | 1672 | Hyeonjong | |
| Kim Su-hang | 김수항 | 金壽恒 | 1672-1673 | Hyeonjong | |
| Yi Gyeong-eok | 이경억 | 李慶億 | 1673 | Hyeonjong | |
| Song Si-yeol | 송시열 | 宋時烈 | 1673 | Hyeonjong | |
| Jeong Ji-hwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1674 | Hyeonjong | |
| Kim Su-hang | 김수항 | 金壽恒 | 1674 | Hyeonjong | |
| Jeong Chi-hwa | 정치화 | 鄭致和 | 1674-1675 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Su-hang | 김수항 | 金壽恒 | 1675 | Sukjong | |
| Gwon Dae-un | 권대운 | 權大運 | 1675-1679 | Sukjong | |
| Min Hui | 민희 | 閔熙 | 1679-1680 | Sukjong | |
| Jeong Ji-hwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1680 | Sukjong | |
| Min Jeong-jung | 민정중 | 閔鼎重 | 1680-1684 | Sukjong | |
| Jeong Ji-hwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1684-1685 | Sukjong | |
| Min Jeong-jung | 민정중 | 閔鼎重 | 1685 | Sukjong | |
| Jeong Ji-hwa | 정지화 | 鄭知和 | 1685 | Sukjong | |
| Nam Gu-man | 남구만 | 南九萬 | 1685-1687 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Dang-ha | 이단하 | 李端夏 | 1687 | Sukjong | |
| Jo Sa-seok | 조사석 | 趙師錫 | 1688-1689 | Sukjong | |
| Ye Seong-je | 여성제 | 呂聖齊 | 1689 | Sukjong | |
| Mok Nae-seon | 목내선 | 睦來善 | 1689-1694 | Sukjong | |
| Min Am | 민암 | 閔黯 | 1694 | Sukjong | |
| Park Se-chae | 박세채 | 朴世采 | 1694-1695 | Sukjong | |
| Ryu Sang-un | 류상운 | 柳尙運 | 1695-1696 | Sukjong | |
| Yun Ji-seon | 윤지선 | 尹趾善 | 1696-1698 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Se-baek | 이세백 | 李世白 | 1698-1699 | Sukjong | |
| Choi Seok-jeong | 최석정 | 崔錫鼎 | 1699 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Se-baek | 이세백 | 李世白 | 1700-1703 | Sukjong | |
| Shin Wan | 신완 | 申琓 | 1703 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Ye | 이여 | 李畲 | 1703-1705 | Sukjong | |
| Seo Jong-tae | 서종태 | 徐宗泰 | 1706-1707 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Chang-jip | 김창집 | 金昌集 | 1707 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Yu | 이유 | 李濡 | 1707-1708 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Yi-myeong | 이이명 | 李頣命 | 1709 | Sukjong | |
| Seo Jong-tae | 서종태 | 徐宗泰 | 1709-1711 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Chang-jip | 김창집 | 金昌集 | 1711-1712 | Sukjong | |
| Seo Jong-tae | 서종태 | 徐宗泰 | 1712 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Yi-myeong | 이이명 | 李頣命 | 1713 | Sukjong | |
| Kim Chang-jip | 김창집 | 金昌集 | 1713-1717 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Yi-myeong | 이이명 | 李頣命 | 1717 | Sukjong | |
| Gwon Sang-ha | 권상하 | 權尙夏 | 1717-1720 | Sukjong | |
| Yi Gyeon-myeong | 이건명 | 李健命 | 1720-1721 | Gyeongjong | |
| Choi Gyu-seo | 최규서 | 崔奎瑞 | 1721-1723 | Gyeongjong | |
| Choe Seok-hang | 최석항 | 崔錫恒 | 1723-1724 | Gyeongjong | |
| Yi Gwang-jwa | 이광좌 | 李光佐 | 1724 | Yeongjo | |
| Ryu Bong-hwi | 류봉휘 | 柳鳳輝 | 1724-1725 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Tae-eok | 조태억 | 趙泰億 | 1725 | Yeongjo | |
| Jeong Ho | 정호 | 鄭澔 | 1725 | Yeongjo | |
| Min Jin-won | 민진원 | 閔鎭遠 | 1725-1726 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Chi-jung | 홍치중 | 洪致中 | 1726-1727 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Tae-eok | 조태억 | 趙泰億 | 1727-1728 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Chi-jung | 홍치중 | 洪致中 | 1728-1729 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Tae-jwa | 이태좌 | 李台佐 | 1729 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Jip | 이집 | 李㙫 | 1730-1731 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Mun-myeong | 조문명 | 趙文命 | 1732 | Yeongjo | |
| Seo Myeong-gyun | 서명균 | 徐命均 | 1732-1735 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Jae-ro | 김재로 | 金在魯 | 1735-1740 | Yeongjo | |
| Song In-myeong | 송인명 | 宋寅明 | 1740-1746 | Yeongjo | |
| Jeong Seok-o | 정석오 | 鄭錫五 | 1746-1747 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Hyeon-myeong | 조현명 | 趙顯命 | 1747-1749 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Yak-ro | 김약로 | 金若魯 | 1749-1751 | Yeongjo | |
| Jo Hyeon-myeong | 조현명 | 趙顯命 | 1751 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Jong-seong | 이종성 | 李宗城 | 1752 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Cheon-bo | 이천보 | 李天輔 | 1752-1754 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ro | 김상로 | 金尙魯 | 1754-1758 | Yeongjo | |
| Shin Man | 신만 | 申晩 | 1758-1759 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-ro | 김상로 | 金尙魯 | 1759 | Yeongjo | |
| Shin Man | 신만 | 申晩 | 1759-1760 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Hu | 이후 | 李𪻶 | 1760-1761 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Bong-han | 홍봉한 | 洪鳳漢 | 1761 | Yeongjo | |
| Jeong Hwi-ryang | 정휘량 | 鄭翬良 | 1761 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong Bong-han | 홍봉한 | 洪鳳漢 | 1762-1763 | Yeongjo | |
| Yun Dong-do | 윤동도 | 尹東度 | 1763-1765 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-bok | 김상복 | 金相福 | 1765-1766 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Chi-in | 김치인 | 金致仁 | 1766 | Yeongjo | |
| Yun Dong-do | 윤동도 | 尹東度 | 1766 | Yeongjo | |
| Han Ik-mo | 한익모 | 韓翼謩 | 1766-1768 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Yang-taek | 김양택 | 金陽澤 | 1768 | Yeongjo | |
| Han Ik-mo | 한익모 | 韓翼謩 | 1768 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Yang-taek | 김양택 | 金陽澤 | 1768-1769 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-bok | 김상복 | 金相福 | 1769-1770 | Yeongjo | |
| Han Ik-mo | 한익모 | 韓翼謩 | 1770-1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Sin Hoe | 신회 | 申晦 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Eun | 이은 | 李溵 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-cheol | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Chang-ui | 이창의 | 李昌誼 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-cheol | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1772 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Eun | 이은 | 李溵 | 1772-1773 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-cheol | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1773-1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Eun | 이은 | 李溵 | 1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-cheol | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Eun | 이은 | 李溵 | 1774 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Sa-gwan | 이사관 | 李思觀 | 1774-1775 | Yeongjo | |
| Hong In-han | 홍인한 | 洪麟漢 | 1775 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Sa-gwan | 이사관 | 李思觀 | 1775-1776 | Yeongjo | |
| Yi Eun | 이은 | 李溵 | 1776 | Yeongjo | |
| Sin Hoe | 신회 | 申晦 | 1776 | Yeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-cheol | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1776 | Jeongjo | |
| Jeong Jon-gyeom | 정존겸 | 鄭存謙 | 1776 | Jeongjo | |
| Kim Sang-cheol | 김상철 | 金尙喆 | 1776-1777 | Jeongjo | |
| Jeong Jon-gyeom | 정존겸 | 鄭存謙 | 1777-1778 | Jeongjo | |
| Seo Myeong-seon | 서명선 | 徐命善 | 1778-1779 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1779-1780 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Eun | 이은 | 李溵 | 1780 | Jeongjo | |
| Seo Myeong-seon | 서명선 | 徐命善 | 1780-1781 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1782 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Bok-won | 이복원 | 李福源 | 1782-1783 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1783 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Bok-won | 이복원 | 李福源 | 1783-1784 | Jeongjo | |
| Hong Nak-sun | 홍낙순 | 洪樂純 | 1784-1786 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Bok-won | 이복원 | 李福源 | 1786-1787 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Jae-hyeop | 이재협 | 李在協 | 1787-1788 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Seong-won | 이성원 | 李性源 | 1788-1789 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Jae-hyeop | 이재협 | 李在協 | 1789 | Jeongjo | |
| Chae Je-gong | 채제공 | 蔡濟恭 | 1789-1793 | Jeongjo | |
| Kim Jong-su | 김종수 | 金鍾秀 | 1793 | Jeongjo | |
| Kim I-so | 김이소 | 金履素 | 1793-1795 | Jeongjo | |
| Yu Eon-ho | 유언호 | 兪彦鎬 | 1795 | Jeongjo | |
| Chae Je-gong | 채제공 | 蔡濟恭 | 1795-1798 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Byeong-mo | 이병모 | 李秉模 | 1798-1799 | Jeongjo | |
| Sim Hwan-ji | 심환지 | 沈煥之 | 1799-1800 | Jeongjo | |
| Yi Si-su | 이시수 | 李時秀 | 1800-1802 | Sunjo | |
| Seo Ryong-bo | 서룡보 | 徐龍輔 | 1803-1804 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Si-su | 이시수 | 李時秀 | 1804 | Sunjo | |
| Seo Mae-su | 서매수 | 徐邁修 | 1804-1805 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Gyeong-il | 이경일 | 李敬一 | 1805 | Sunjo | |
| Han Yong-gwi | 한용귀 | 韓用龜 | 1805-1806 | Sunjo | |
| Seo Ryong-bo | 서룡보 | 徐龍輔 | 1806 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Si-su | 이시수 | 李時秀 | 1806-1808 | Sunjo | |
| Kim Jae-chan | 김재찬 | 金載瓚 | 1808-1812 | Sunjo | |
| Han Yong-gwi | 한용귀 | 韓用龜 | 1812-1817 | Sunjo | |
| Kim Jae-chan | 김재찬 | 金載瓚 | 1817 | Sunjo | |
| Kim Sa-mok | 김사목 | 金思穆 | 1819 | Sunjo | |
| Nam-gong-cheol | 남공철 | 南公轍 | 1821-1822 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Sang-hwang | 이상황 | 李相璜 | 1824-1829 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Jon-su | 이존수 | 李存秀 | 1829 | Sunjo | |
| Yi Sang-hwang | 이상황 | 李相璜 | 1829-1833 | Sunjo | |
| Sim Sang-gyu | 심상규 | 沈象奎 | 1833-1834 | Sunjo | |
| Hong Seok-ju | 홍석주 | 洪奭周 | 1834-1836 | Sunjo, Heonjong | |
| Park Jong-hun | 박종훈 | 朴宗薰 | 1837-1838 | Heonjong | |
| Kim Hong-geun | 김홍근 | 金弘根 | 1838-1842 | Heonjong | |
| Jeong Won-yong | 정원용 | 鄭元容 | 1842-1843 | Heonjong | |
| Gwon Don-in | 권돈인 | 權敦仁 | 1843-1845 | Heonjong | |
| Kim Do-hui | 김도희 | 金道喜 | 1845-1850 | Heonjong, Cheoljong | |
| Jeong Won-yong | 정원용 | 鄭元容 | 1850 | Cheoljong | |
| Kim Heung-geun | 김흥근 | 金興根 | 1851 | Cheoljong | |
| Park Yeong-won | 박영원 | 朴永元 | 1852 | Cheoljong | |
| Yi Heon-gu | 이헌구 | 李憲球 | 1852-1853 | Cheoljong | |
| Kim Do-hui | 김도희 | 金道喜 | 1856-1857 | Cheoljong | |
| Jo Du-sun | 조두순 | 趙斗淳 | 1858 | Cheoljong | |
| Park Hoe-su | 박회수 | 朴晦壽 | 1859-1860 | Cheoljong | |
| Jo Du-sun | 조두순 | 趙斗淳 | 1860-1864 | Cheoljong, Gojong | |
| Yi Yu-won | 이유원 | 李裕元 | 1864-1865 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-hak | 김병학 | 金炳學 | 1865-1867 | Gojong | |
| Ryu Hu-jo | 류후조 | 柳厚祚 | 1867 | Gojong | |
| Yi Yu-won | 이유원 | 李裕元 | 1868 | Gojong | |
| Gang Ro | 강로 | 姜㳣 | 1872-1873 | Gojong | |
| Yi Choe-eung, Prince Heung-in | 흥인군 이최응 | 興寅君 李最應 | 1874-1875 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-guk | 김병국 | 金炳國 | 1878-1882 | Gojong | |
| Seo Dang-bo | 서당보 | 徐堂輔 | 1882 | Gojong | |
| Song Geun-su | 송근수 | 宋近洙 | 1882 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-guk | 김병국 | 金炳國 | 1882-1884 | Gojong | |
| Yi Jae-won, Prince Wan-rim | 완림군 이재원 | 完林君 李載元 | 1884 | Gojong | |
| Shim Soon-taek | 심순택 | 沈舜澤 | 1884 | Gojong | |
| Kim Hong-jip | 김홍집 | 金弘集 | 1884 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-deok | 김병덕 | 金炳德 | 1885 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-si | 김병시 | 金炳始 | 1886 | Gojong | |
| Kim Hong-jip | 김홍집 | 金弘集 | 1886 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-si | 김병시 | 金炳始 | 1886 | Gojong | |
| Kim Hong-jip | 김홍집 | 金弘集 | 1887-1888 | Gojong | |
| Kim Byeong-si | 김병시 | 金炳始 | 1888 | Gojong | |
| Song Geun-su | 송근수 | 宋近洙 | 1892 | Gojong | |
| Jo Byeong-se | 조병세 | 趙秉世 | 1893-1894 | Gojong | last Jwauijeong |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "좌의정(左議政 ), Jwauijeong". The Academy of Korean Studies (in Korean and English). Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ Choi (2006), The Origin of the Roman Catholic Church in Korea p. 372
- ^ a b c 좌의정 (左議政) (in Korean). Empas /EncyKorea. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "도평의사사 (都評議使司), Dopyeonguisasa" (in Korean and English). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "우의정(右議政), uuijeong" (in Korean and English). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
- ^ "정승(政丞), Jeongseung" (in Korean and English). Academy of Korean Studies. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
- Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-61575-1.
- Choi, Jai-Keun (2006). The Origin of the Roman Catholic Church in Korea. The Hermit Kingdom Press. ISBN 1-59689-064-9.