Banū Tamīm (Arabic: بَنُو تَمِيم) is an Arab tribe that originated in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula.[2] It is mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq,[3] Jordan and Lebanon, a strong presence in Algeria,[4][5] and Morocco,[3] Palestine, Tunisia,[6] and Libya.[3] It is also present in many other parts of the Arab world such as Egypt and Khuzestan in Iran.[3] The word Tamim in Arabic means strong and solid.[7][8] It can also mean those who strive for perfection.[9]
| Banū Tamīm بَنُو تَمِيم | |
|---|---|
| Mudarite Arab tribe | |
.png) The Banner of Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat of Banu Tamim in the Battle of Siffin | |
| Ethnicity | Arab |
| Nisba | At-Tamīmī ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ |
| Location | Arabia, North Africa, and Levant |
| Descended from | Tamim ibn Murr, the son of Murr ibn 'Udd ibn Amr (Tabikhah) ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan[1] |
| Parent tribe | Banu Mudar |
| Branches |
|
| Language | Arabic |
| Religion | Islam |
History and origin
editThe traditional family tree of Banu Tamim is as follows: Tamim ibn Murr ibn 'Udd ibn Amr ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar[1] bin Nizar bin Ma'add bin Adnan[10] - a direct descendant of Isma'il bin Ibrahim (Ishmael, son of Abraham).[11]
Banu Tamim is one of the largest tribes of Arabia. The tribe occupied numerous Wadis and villages in central and eastern Arabia in the 6th century before playing an important role with the revelation of Islam. They came into contact with Muhammad in the 8th year of Hijrah, but they did not immediately convert to Islam.[citation needed] There are hadiths which praise virtually all of the major Arab tribal groups, and to indicate the extent of this praise, a few examples are listed here:
I have continued to love Banu Tamim after I heard three things concerning them from Allah's Messenger: "They will be the sternest of my Ummah against the Dajjal," one of them was a captive owned by Aisha, and he said: "Free her, for she is a descendant of Ismail," and when their zakat came, he said: "This is the zakat of our people," or "of my people.""
Lineage and branches
editBanu Tamim is an Adnanite tribe, descended from Adnan.
In the genealogical tradition of the tribe, it is argued that there is a direct line that can be drawn from Abraham to Tamim:
The tribe is mainly divided into four main branches, namely:
- Amr
- Banu Hanzala
- Banu Sa'd
- Al-Rabbab
The tribe was mainly concentrated in the central and northern parts of Najd before the spread of Islam, but had spread across the Arabian Peninsula after the Islamic conquest of the region, then had spread to areas ruled by subsequent caliphates.
The tribe extends west to Morocco and east to Khuzestan. After the Islamic conquests, the tribe migrated to modern-day Tunisia,[6] Iraq,[3] Morocco,[3] the Khuzestan and Khorasan regions of Iran, and other parts of the Arab world. Banu Tamim held significant power for centuries in these areas, in the form of the Aghlabids and other minor dynasties.
Dynasties
edit- Aghlabids – ruling dynasty of Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya) from 800 to 909 which also controlled parts of southern Italy and Sicily.
- Al Thani – ruling dynasty of Qatar since 1847.
- Al ash-Sheikh – family of the Grand Muftis of the Emirate of Diriyah, then the Emirate of Najd and now modern-day Saudi Arabia for religious matters.
- Al Khater – family of the Middle East based primarily in Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain.
- Al Majali – family based in Al-Karak in modern-day Jordan since the 1770s.
- Al Mu'ammar – ruling dynasty of Najd based in Al-'Uyaynah from the seventeenth to the eighteenth century, their lineage goes back to the Anaqir of Banu Tamim.
Notable people
editMedieval and Pre-Islamic:
- Khabbab ibn al-Aratt – a companion of Muhammad[14]
- Ahnaf ibn Qais – companion of Umar ibn al-Khattab
- Al-Qa'qa'a ibn Amr at-Tamimi – A Rashidun general, participated in both the conquest of the Levant and the Sassanid Iran.
- Al-Hurr ibn Yazid al Tamimi – A general of the Umayyads who defected to Husayn ibn Ali
- Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi – Muslim saint Of the Junaidia order
- Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh al-Tamimi[15] – Founder of the Ibadi sect
- Alqama al-Fahl - Pre-Islamic poet, renown for being one of the famous contributors to the Mu'allaqat, rival to Imru' al-Qais
- Jarīr – Classical Arab poet[citation needed] and rival of Al-Farazdaq
- Al-Farazdaq – Umayyad Classical poet, rival of Jarir
- Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi – Shafi'i scholar and mathematician from Baghdad
- Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi – provincial Abbasid Governor in mid 8th century
- Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi – tenth century alchemist from Al-Andalus
- Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Sa'id al-Tamimi – physician in Palestine during the 10th century CE
- Ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi al-Tunisi – 13th century Tunisian astronomer and the author of an important zij
- Yahya ibn Aktham – Chief judge of the Abbasid Caliphate
- Aktham ibn Sayfi – pre-Islamic figure known as "Judge of the Arabs"
- Khazim ibn Khuzayma al-Tamimi – Khurasani Arab military leader, Abbasid Revolutionary
- Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab – founder of the Aghlabids' vassal, the emirs of Ifriqiya and Sicily from 800 to 909
- Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani – founder of the State of Qatar
- Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi – ruler of eastern parts of archaic Arabian peninsula who converted to Islam
- Sheikh Edebali – Sufi Master who served in the foundation of the Ottoman Empire and father-in-law of its founder Osman I
- Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a – Kharjite leader and poet who led an uprising against the Umayyads from Persia
- Rebi’i bin Aamer Al-Tamimi – Companion of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad.
- Munzir ibn Sawa Al-Tamimi – Governor of historical Bahrain, the eastern coast of the Arabian peninsula
- Ishaq ibn Rahwayh – jurist and imam of Khorasan – One of the Lisan Al-Arab
- Tabikha ibn Ilyas – tribal leader
- Ubayd Allah al-Anbari – Arab jurist, poet, lexicographer, genealogist and governor of Basra under the Abbassids
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab[16][17] – founder of Nejdi Salafi movement and author of Kitāb at-Tawḥīd
- Muhammad Ibn al 'Uthaymīn (d. 2001 C.E.) – Saudi Salafi preacher
- Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di – Saudi Islamic Scholar
- Abdulaziz Al Sheikh – current Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
- Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani – Emir of Qatar
- Ali Abdullah Al-Daffa – Saudi mathematician, scientist, author, professor
References
edit- ^ a b "Genealogy File: Tamim Ibn Murr". Royalblood.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
- ^ Lohlker, Rüdiger (2020-11-20). Saudi Arabia in the Mirror of Saudi Cables. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. p. 6. ISBN 978-3-8325-5200-8.
- ^ a b c d e f "Print Article : Bani Tamim". www.tahoor.com. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
- ^ A. A. Duri (2012). The Historical Formation of the Arab Nation (RLE: The Arab Nation). London; New York. ISBN 9781136251788.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Roger Le Tourneau (1968). "Mohammed Talbi, l'Émirat aghlabide (184/860—296/909). Histoire politique". Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée. 5 (1): 172–176.
- ^ a b Melton, J. Gordon (2014-01-15). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 577. ISBN 978-1-61069-026-3.
- ^ "قبيلة بني تميم العريقة- حمزةالتميمي". www.bnitamem.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-01. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ^ "معلومات عن قبيلة بـني تـميم". www.traidnt.net. Archived from the original on 2018-06-15. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ^ M. J. Kister (November 1965). "Mecca and Tamīm (Aspects of Their Relations)". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 8 (2): 113–163. doi:10.2307/3595962. JSTOR 3595962.
- ^ William Muir (1858). The life of Mahomet.
- ^ The life of Mahomet By William Muir
- ^ (Bukhari, Maghazi, 68.
- ^ "The Banu Tamim tribe". 28 February 2019.
- ^ "Khabbab ibn al-Aratt". Archived from the original on 2006-05-23. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
- ^ Milla Wa-milla. Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Melbourne. 1961. p.46
- ^ "Bid'ah Busters Dawah Salafiyyah Online". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
- ^ Madawi al-Rasheed (2010). A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-521-76128-4.