Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.[2] The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.[3]
| Terminalia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Terminalia catappa | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Combretaceae |
| Genus: | Terminalia L. (1767)[1] |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Axlewood (T. latifolia) is used for its wood and tannins and as a fodder.[4] African birch (T. leiocarpa) is used for its wood and to make yellow dye and medicinal compounds.[5] A yellow dyestuff produced from the leaves of T. leiocarpa has traditionally been used in West Africa to dye leather.[6]
Selected species
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There are 278 accepted Terminalia species as of July 2024 according to Plants of the World Online.[2] Selected species include:
- Terminalia acuminata (Fr. Allem.) Eichl.
- Terminalia albida Scott-Elliot
- Terminalia amazonia (J.F.Gmel.) Exell – white olive
- Terminalia anogeissiana Gere & Boatwr. – axlewood
- Terminalia arbuscula Sw.
- Terminalia archipelagi Coode
- Terminalia arenicola Byrnes
- Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. – arjuna, koha, white marudah
- Terminalia arostrata Ewart & O.B.Davies – crocodile tree
- Terminalia australis Cambess – palo amarillo, tanimbú
- Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr.
- Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. – beleric
- Terminalia bentii (Baker) Gere & Boatwr.
- Terminalia bialata (Roxb.) Steud. – Indochina, Philippines
- Terminalia buceras (L.) C.Wright
- Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L.O.Williams
- Terminalia bursarina – Bendee
- Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
- Terminalia cambodiana Gagnep.
- Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. – jalool
- Terminalia carolinensis Kaneh.
- Terminalia catappa L. – Indian almond, tropical almond, umbrella tree
- Terminalia chebula Retz. – black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, inknut
- Terminalia cherrieri McKee
- Terminalia circumalata F.Muell.
- Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner – Pindan quondong
- Terminalia dhofarica (A.J.Scott) Gere & Boatwr.
- Terminalia eddowesii Coode
- Terminalia engleri Gere & Boatwr. – terenifù (West Africa to Cameroon)
- Terminalia elliptica Willd. – Indian-laurel
- Terminalia eriostachya A.Rich.
- Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell – billygoat plum, Kakadu plum, gubinge
- Terminalia fitzgeraldii C.A.Gardner
- Terminalia glabrata G.Forst.
- Terminalia grandiflora Benth.
- Terminalia hadleyana W.Fitzg.
- Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. – idigbo, black afara, blackbark, brimstone wood, shingle wood
- Terminalia januariensis DC.
- Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. – okari nut
- Terminalia kangeanensis Slooten
- Terminalia kuhlmannii Alwan & Stace
- Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett
- Terminalia latifolia Sw.
- Terminalia latipes Benth.
- Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill.
- Terminalia littoralis L.
- Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.
- Terminalia microcarpa Decne.
- Terminalia muelleri Benth. – Australian almond
- Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
- Terminalia neotaliala – Madagascar almond tree
- Terminalia nitens C.Presl
- Terminalia novocaledonica Däniker
- Terminalia oblongata F.Muell.
- Terminalia paniculata Roth
- Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
- Terminalia pellucida C.Presl
- Terminalia pendula (Edgew.) Gere & Boatwr. (incorporating T. phillyreifolia)
- Terminalia petiolaris Benth. – marool
- Terminalia platyphylla F.Muell.
- Terminalia platyptera F.Muell.
- Terminalia polycarpa Engl. & Diels
- Terminalia porphyrocarpa F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson
- Terminalia reitzii Excell
- Terminalia rerei Coode
- Terminalia richii A.Gray
- Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw
- Terminalia schimperiana Hochst.
- Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. – silver terminalia
- Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels – limba
- Terminalia triptera Stapf. (syn. T. nigrovenulosa Pierre)
- Terminalia volucris Benth.
References
edit- ^ a b "Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ a b "Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ "Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
- ^ Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20
- ^ Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53
- ^ Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 230. JSTOR 4118651.