Ḏāl

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Ḏāl (ذ, also transcribed as dhāl) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being ṯāʾ, ḫāʾ, ḍād, ẓāʾ, ġayn). In Modern Standard Arabic it represents /ð/. In name and shape, it is a variant of dāl (د).[1][2] Its numerical value is 700 (see abjad numerals). The Arabic letter ذ is named ذَالْ ḏāl. It is written in several ways depending in its position in the word:

Ḏāl
Arabic
ذ
Phonemic representationð, (d, z)
Position in alphabet25
Numerical value700
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Ḏāl
ذ
Usage
Writing systemArabic script
TypeAbjad
Language of originArabic language
Sound valuesð, (d, z)
Alphabetical position9
History
Development
  • 𐤃
    • 𐡃‎
      • 𐢅‎
        • د
          • ذ
Other
Writing directionRight-to-left
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
The main pronunciations of written ذ in Arabic dialects.
Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help)
ذ ـذ ـذ ذ

The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for , .

When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as ד׳‎.

This sound is found in English, as in the words "those" or "then". In English the sound is sometimes rendered "dh" when transliterated from foreign languages, but when it occurs in English words it is one of the pronunciations occurring for the letters "th". Azerbaijan is the only country name in Arabic that uses this letter.

Pronunciations

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Between and within contemporary varieties of Arabic, pronunciation of cognates with the letter ḏāl differs:

Regardless of these regional differences, the pattern of the speaker's variety of Arabic frequently intrudes into otherwise Modern Standard speech; this is widely accepted, and is the norm when speaking the mesolect known alternately as lugha wusṭā ("middling/compromise language") or ʿAmmiyyat/Dārijat al-Muṯaqqafīn ("Educated/Cultured Colloquial") used in the informal speech of educated Arabs of different countries. (cf. Arabic dialect#Formal and vernacular differences)

Unicode

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Character information
Preview ذ
Unicode name ARABIC LETTER DAL
Encodings decimal hex
Unicode 1584 U+0630
UTF-8 216 176 D8 B0
Numeric character reference ذ ذ

See also

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References

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  1. ^ al-Shdaifat, Younis; Al-Jallad, Ahmad; al-Salameen, Zeyad; Harahsheh, Rafe (2017). "An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning 'Yazīd the king'". Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy. 28 (2): 315–324. doi:10.1111/aae.12105. ISSN 1600-0471.
  2. ^ "Pre-Islamic dotted dāl in a 7th c. Quran". PhDniX's blog. Retrieved 2024-12-04.