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Pbsouthwood (talk | contribs) Changing short description from "Gaseous diffusion through body tissue at constant pressure" to "Gaseous diffusion through body tissue at constant total pressure" |
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{{Short description|Gaseous diffusion through body tissue at constant total pressure}}
In [[physiology]], '''isobaric counterdiffusion''' ('''ICD''') is the [[diffusion]] of different gases into and out of [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] while under a constant [[ambient pressure]], after a change of gas composition, and the physiological effects of this phenomenon. The term '''inert gas counterdiffusion''' is sometimes used as a synonym, but can also be applied to situations where the ambient pressure changes.<ref name="brubakk2003" /><ref name="22uhms" /> It has relevance in mixed gas [[Underwater diving|diving]] and [[anesthesiology]].{{cn|date=February 2022}}
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== Clinical relevance ==
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In medicine, ICD is the diffusion of gases in different directions that can increase the pressure inside open air spaces of the body and surrounding equipment.<ref name="barash2005" />
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== Relevance to diving ==
In [[underwater diving]], ICD is the diffusion of one inert gas into body tissues while another inert gas is diffusing out. While not strictly speaking a phenomenon of decompression, it is a complication that can occur during decompression, and that can result in the formation or growth of bubbles without changes in the environmental pressure.{{sfn|Hamilton|Thalmann|2003|pp=477–478}}<ref name="Lambertson 1989">Lambertson, Christian J (1989). Relations of isobaric gas counterdiffusion and decompression gas lesion diseases. In Vann, RD. "The Physiological Basis of Decompression". 38th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop UHMS Publication Number 75(Phys)6-1-89. https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6853 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105174025/https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6853 |date=2010-01-05 }}. Retrieved 10 January 2010.</ref> If the gas that is diffusing into a tissue does so at a rate which exceeds the rate of the other leaving the tissue, it can raise the combined gas concentration in the tissue to a [[supersaturation]] sufficient to cause the formation or growth of bubbles, without changes in the environmental pressure, and in particular, without concurrent [[Decompression (diving)|decompression]]. Two forms of this phenomenon have been described by Lambertsen:<ref name="brubakk2003" /><ref name="38uhms" />
=== Superficial ICD ===
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== References ==
{{Reflist |refs=
<ref name="brubakk2003">{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Robert W |last2=Thalmann |first2=Edward D |title=Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving |edition=5th |editor1-last=Brubakk |editor1-first=Alf O |editor2-last=Neuman |editor2-first=Tom S |year=2003 |publisher=Saunders |location=United States |chapter=Decompression Practice |pages=477–8 |isbn=978-0-7020-2571-6 |oclc=51607923
<ref name="22uhms">{{cite conference |editor1-last=Lambertson |editor1-first=Christian J |editor2-last=Bornmann |editor2-first=Robert C |editor3-last=Kent |editor3-first=MB |title=Isobaric Inert Gas Counterdiffusion |conference=22nd Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop |volume=UHMS Publication Number 54WS(IC)1-11-82 |year=1979 |url=https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4337 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820004633/https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4337 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 20, 2008 |access-date=10 January 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="graves1973a">{{cite journal |last1=Graves |first1=DJ |last2=Idicula |first2=J |last3=Lambertsen |first3=Christian J |last4=Quinn |first4=JA |title=Bubble formation in physical and biological systems: a manifestation of counterdiffusion in composite media |journal=Science |volume=179 |issue=4073 |pages=582–584 |date=February 1973 |pmid=4686464 |doi=10.1126/science.179.4073.582|bibcode=1973Sci...179..582G |s2cid=46428717 }}</ref>
<ref name="graves1973b">{{cite journal |last1=Graves |first1=DJ |last2=Idicula |first2=J |last3=Lambertsen |first3=Christian J |last4=Quinn |first4=JA |title=Bubble formation resulting from counterdiffusion supersaturation: a possible explanation for isobaric inert gas 'urticaria' and vertigo |journal=Physics in Medicine and Biology |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=256–264 |date=March 1973 |pmid=4805115 |doi= 10.1088/0031-9155/18/2/009 |url=https://stacks.iop.org/0031-9155/18/256 |access-date=10 January 2010|bibcode=1973PMB....18..256G |citeseerx=10.1.1.555.429 |s2cid=250737144 }}</ref>
<ref name="barash2005">{{cite book |title=Clinical Anesthesia |edition=5th Rev |last1=Barash |first1=PG |last2=Cullen |first2=BF |last3=Stoelting |first3=RK |year=2005 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. |location=United States |isbn=978-0-7817-5745-4}}</ref>
<ref name="38uhms">{{cite conference |last=Lambertson |first=Christian J |editor-last=Vann |editor-first=RD |title=The Physiological Basis of Decompression |chapter=Relations of isobaric gas counterdiffusion and decompression gas lesion diseases |conference=38th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop |volume=UHMS Publication Number 75(Phys)6-1-89 |year=1989 |chapter-url=https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6853 |access-date=10 January 2010 |archive-date=5 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105174025/https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6853 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="daoust1982">{{cite journal |last1=D'Aoust |first1=BG |last2=White |first2=R |last3=Swanson |first3=H |last4=Dunford |first4=RG |last5=Mahoney |first5=J |title=Differences in Transient and Steady State Isobaric Counterdiffusion |journal=Report to the Office of Naval Research |year=1982 |url=https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4629 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415194252/https://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4629 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |access-date=10 January 2010}}</ref>
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{{underwater diving|divmed}}
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[[Category:Anesthesia]]
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