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Monitoring crowd condition in public spaces by tracking mobile consumer devices with wifi interface

Published: 12 September 2016 Publication History

Abstract

We present a systematic study and optimization of crowd monitoring methods based on tracking consumer devices with activated WiFi/Bluetooth interfaces using stationary scanners with directional antennas. To this end we have recorded a large scale, real life data set from a car manufacturers exhibition at the Frankfurt Motor Show IAA that includes data from 31 directional scanners covering a total area of 6000m2 running for 13 business days and providing nearly 90 million data points from a total of over 300000 unique mobile devices. For seven of the 13 days video ground truth has been recorded and extensively annotated. Questions that we addressed include the mapping from the number of detected devices to the number of people, the ability to generalize the calibration from a small number of ground truth points recorded on one day to other days and the ability to localize individuals in different conditions. Our methods show less than 20% error for the crowd density and less than 8 m localization error for individuals.

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Cited By

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  • (2024)On the Fine-Grained Crowd Analysis via Passive WiFi SensingIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2023.332433423:6(6697-6711)Online publication date: Jun-2024
  • (2024)Passive Identification of WiFi Devices At-Scale: A Data-Driven Approach2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)10.1109/LCN60385.2024.10639764(1-9)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Crowd Counting in Large Surveillance Areas by Fusing Audio and WiFi Sniffing Data2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)10.1109/IJCNN60899.2024.10651535(1-8)Online publication date: 30-Jun-2024
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      cover image ACM Conferences
      UbiComp '16: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct
      September 2016
      1807 pages
      ISBN:9781450344623
      DOI:10.1145/2968219
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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      Publication History

      Published: 12 September 2016

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      Author Tags

      1. crowd density estimation
      2. crowd density heat map
      3. sensing unmodified smart-phones
      4. wifi probing

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      Overall Acceptance Rate 764 of 2,912 submissions, 26%

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      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)On the Fine-Grained Crowd Analysis via Passive WiFi SensingIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2023.332433423:6(6697-6711)Online publication date: Jun-2024
      • (2024)Passive Identification of WiFi Devices At-Scale: A Data-Driven Approach2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)10.1109/LCN60385.2024.10639764(1-9)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2024
      • (2024)Crowd Counting in Large Surveillance Areas by Fusing Audio and WiFi Sniffing Data2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)10.1109/IJCNN60899.2024.10651535(1-8)Online publication date: 30-Jun-2024
      • (2024)Towards Fairness-aware Crowd Management System and Surge Prevention in Smart Cities2024 IEEE Workshop on Design Automation for CPS and IoT (DESTION)10.1109/DESTION62938.2024.00015(46-54)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
      • (2024)Bleach: From WiFi probe-request signatures to MAC associationAd Hoc Networks10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103623164(103623)Online publication date: Nov-2024
      • (2023)Introducing benchmarks for evaluating user-privacy vulnerability in WiFi2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)10.1109/VTC2023-Spring57618.2023.10199706(1-7)Online publication date: Jun-2023
      • (2023)Toward Accurate Crowd Counting in Large Surveillance Areas Based on Passive WiFi SensingIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems10.1109/TITS.2023.330370024:12(14086-14096)Online publication date: Dec-2023
      • (2022)An Intelligent Cluster Verification Model Using WSN to Avoid Close Proximity and Control Outbreak of Pandemic in a Massive CrowdComputer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences10.32604/cmes.2022.020791133:2(327-350)Online publication date: 2022
      • (2022)Self-Supervised Association of Wi-Fi Probe Requests Under MAC Address RandomizationIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing10.1109/TMC.2022.3205924(1-14)Online publication date: 2022
      • (2022)CountMeIn: Adaptive Crowd Estimation with Wi-Fi in Smart Cities2022 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)10.1109/PerCom53586.2022.9762354(187-196)Online publication date: 21-Mar-2022
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