We study the sensitivity of a collisional single-atom probe for ultracold gases. Inelastic spin-e... more We study the sensitivity of a collisional single-atom probe for ultracold gases. Inelastic spin-exchange collisions map information about the gas temperature T or external magnetic field B onto the quantum spin-population of single-atom probes, and previous work showed enhanced sensitivity for short-time nonequilibrium spin dynamics [1]. Here, we numerically investigate the steady-state sensitivity of such single-atom probes to various observables. We find that the probe shows distinct sensitivity maxima in the (B, T) parameter diagram, although the underlying spin-exchange rates scale monotonically with temperature and magnetic field. In parameter space, the probe generally has the largest sensitivity when sensing the energy ratio between thermal energy and Zeeman energy in an externally applied magnetic field, while the sensitivity to the absolute energy, i.e., the sum of kinetic and Zeeman energy, is low. We identify the parameters yielding sensitivity maxima for a given absolute energy, which we can relate to a direct comparison of the thermal Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with the Zeeman-energy splitting. We compare our equilibrium results to nonequilibrium experimental results from a single-atom quantum probe, showing that the sensitivity maxima in parameter space qualitatively prevail also in the nonequilibrium dynamics, while a quantitative difference remains. Our work thereby offers a microscopic explanation for the properties and performance of this single-atom quantum probe, connecting thermodynamic properties to microscopic interaction mechanisms. Our results pave the way for optimization of quantum-probe applications in (B, T) parameter space beyond the previously shown boost by nonequilibrium dynamics.
Additional file 5. List of excluded studies after full-text screening. Table includes all studies... more Additional file 5. List of excluded studies after full-text screening. Table includes all studies, that were excluded after full-text review with reason for exclusion.
Modern vehicles are characterized by multiple systems to represent customer functions. The steady... more Modern vehicles are characterized by multiple systems to represent customer functions. The steady increase of these functions leads to an increasing system complexity. This paper describes a structured approach to master better the complexity for future E/E (Electric and Electronic) systems. The new approach is based on a combination of two existing system models. The first system model is based on a cybernetic perspective for a management model for an electrical energy electrical system. The second system model is based on the work of the section "Organic Computing" of the "Gesellschaft der Informatik e.V.". In addition, principles were taken from the human body to design this system approach. Based on these, the Cyber Organic System (COS) model is proposed for use in automotive E/E systems. Also, this model focus the distribution of the overall function to the 3C locations. In the end of this paper, the use of this model in automotive environment will be outlin...
Systems with mixed and independent levels of security and safety become more and more important i... more Systems with mixed and independent levels of security and safety become more and more important in the future. In the German funded Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) research project ARAMiS (Automotive, Railway and Avionic Multicore Systems) different industry and scientific partners concerned on using multi-core processor for different security and safety critical use-cases. This paper describes the motivation and use-cases behind the research actives in different mobility domains. Also two detailed descriptions and a comparison of two implementation for Multiple Independent Levels of Security and Safety (MILS) systems in mobility domains are included. In the end of the paper a outlook is given on potential further research activities on this research topic.
Quantum heat engines are subjected to quantum fluctuations related to their discrete energy spect... more Quantum heat engines are subjected to quantum fluctuations related to their discrete energy spectra. Such fluctuations question the reliable operation of thermal machines in the quantum regime. Here, we realize an endoreversible quantum Otto cycle in the large quasi-spin states of Cesium impurities immersed in an ultracold Rubidium bath. Endoreversible machines are internally reversible and irreversible losses only occur via thermal contact. We employ quantum control to regulate the direction of heat transfer that occurs via inelastic spin-exchange collisions. We further use full-counting statistics of individual atoms to monitor quantized heat exchange between engine and bath at the level of single quanta, and additionally evaluate average and variance of the power output. We optimize the performance as well as the stability of the quantum heat engine, achieving high efficiency, large power output and small power output fluctuations.
Characterizing and optimizing thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a challenge. This i... more Characterizing and optimizing thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a challenge. This is especially true for nanoscopic systems made of few particles. We here theoretically and experimentally investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a gas of few noninteracting Cesium atoms confined in a nonharmonic optical dipole trap and exposed to degenerate Raman sideband cooling pulses. We determine the axial phase-space distribution of the atoms after each Raman cooling pulse by tracing the evolution of the gas with position-resolved fluorescence imaging. We evaluate from it the entropy production and the statistical length between each cooling steps. A single Raman pulse leads to a nonequilibrium state that does not thermalize on its own, due to the absence of interparticle collisions. Thermalization may be achieved by combining free phase-space evolution and trains of cooling pulses. We minimize the entropy production to a target thermal state to specify the optimal spacing between a sequence of equally spaced pulses and achieve in this way optimal thermalization. We finally use the statistical length to verify a refined version of the second law of thermodynamics Altogether, these findings provide a general, theoretical and experimental, framework to analyze and optimize far-from-equilibrium processes of few-particle systems.
BackgroundSepsis and septic shock remain drivers for mortality in critically ill patients. The he... more BackgroundSepsis and septic shock remain drivers for mortality in critically ill patients. The heterogeneity of the syndrome hinders the generation of reproducible numbers on mortality risks. Consequently, mortality rates range from 15 to 56%. We aimed to update and extend the existing knowledge from meta-analyses and estimate 30- and 90-day mortality rates for sepsis and septic shock separately, stratify rates by region and study type and assess mortality rates across different sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of articles published in PubMed or in the Cochrane Database, between 2009 and 2019 in English language including interventional and observational studies. A meta-analysis of pooled 28/30- and 90-day mortality rated separately for sepsis and septic shock was done using a random-effects model. Time trends were assessed via Joinpoint methodology and for the assessment of mortality rate over different SOFA scores, and linea...
Background Acute coronary syndrome patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy who need emergent... more Background Acute coronary syndrome patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy who need emergent or urgent cardiac surgery are at high risk of major bleeding, which can impair postoperative outcomes. CytoSorb ® , a blood purification technology based on adsorbent polymer, has been demonstrated to remove ticagrelor from blood during on-pump cardiac surgery. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost utility of intraoperative removal of ticagrelor using CytoSorb versus usual care among patients requiring emergent or urgent cardiac surgery in the UK. Methods A de novo decision analytic model, based on current treatment pathways, was developed to estimate the short-and long-term costs and outcomes. Results from randomised clinical trials and national standard sources such as National Health Service (NHS) reference costs were used to inform the model. Costs were estimated from the NHS and Personal Social Services perspective. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) explored the uncertainty surrounding the input parameters. Results In emergent cardiac surgery, intraoperative removal of ticagrelor using CytoSorb was less costly (£12,933 vs. £16,874) and more effective (0.06201vs. 0.06091 quality-adjusted life-years) than cardiac surgery without physiologic clearance of ticagrelor over a 30-day time horizon. For urgent cardiac surgery, the use of CytoSorb was less costly than any of the three comparators-delaying surgery for natural washout without adjunctive therapy, adjunctive therapy with short-acting antiplatelet agents, or adjunctive therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin. Results from the PSAs showed that CytoSorb has a high probability of being cost saving (99% in emergent cardiac surgery and 53-77% in urgent cardiac surgery, depending on the comparators). Cost savings derive from fewer transfusions of blood products and re-thoracotomies, and shorter stay in the hospital/intensive care unit. Conclusions The implementation of CytoSorb as an intraoperative intervention for patients receiving ticagrelor undergoing emergent or urgent cardiac surgery is a cost-saving strategy, yielding improvement in perioperative and postoperative outcomes and decreased health resource use.
We employ collisions of individual atomic Cesium (Cs) impurities with an ultracold Rubidium (Rb) ... more We employ collisions of individual atomic Cesium (Cs) impurities with an ultracold Rubidium (Rb) gas to probe atomic interaction with hyperfine-and Zeeman-state sensitivity. Controlling the Rb bath's internal state yields access to novel phenomena observed in inter-atomic spin-exchange. These can be tailored at ultra-low energies, owing to the excellent experimental control over all relevant energy scales. First, detecting spin-exchange dynamics in the Cs hyperfine state manifold, we resolve a series of previously unreported Feshbach resonances at magnetic fields below 300 mG, separated by energies as low as h × 15 kHz. The series originates from a coupling to molecular states with binding energies below h × 1 kHz and wave function extensions in the µm range. Second, at magnetic fields below ≈ 100 mG, we observe the emergence of a new reaction path for alkali atoms, where in a single, direct collision between two atoms two quanta of angular momentum can be transferred. This path originates from the hyperfine-analogue of dipolar spin-spin relaxation. Our work yields control of subtle ultra-low-energy features of atomic collision dynamics, opening new routes for advanced state-to-state chemistry, for controlling spin-exchange in quantum many-body systems for solid state simulations, or for determination of high-precision molecular potentials.
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2018
We report on the experimental doping of a 87 Rubidium (Rb) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with in... more We report on the experimental doping of a 87 Rubidium (Rb) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with individual neutral 133 Cesium (Cs) atoms. We discuss the experimental tools and procedures to facilitate Cs-Rb interaction. First, we use degenerate Raman side-band cooling of the impurities to enhance the immersion efficiency for the impurity in the quantum gas. We identify the immersed fraction of Cs impurities from the thermalization of Cs atoms upon impinging on a BEC, where elastic collisions lead to a localization of Cs atoms in the Rb cloud. Second, further enhancement of the immersion probability is obtained by localizing the Cs atoms in a species-selective optical lattice and subsequent transport into the Rb cloud. Here, impurity-BEC interaction is monitored by position and time resolved three-body loss of Cs impurities immersed into the BEC. This combination of experimental methods allows for the controlled doping of a BEC with neutral impurity atoms, paving the way to impurity aided probing and coherent impurity-quantum bath interaction.
We report on spin dynamics of individual, localized neutral impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstei... more We report on spin dynamics of individual, localized neutral impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Single cesium atoms are transported into a cloud of rubidium atoms and thermalize with the bath, and the ensuing spin exchange between localized impurities with quasispin F_{i}=3 and bath atoms with F_{b}=1 is resolved. Comparing our data to numerical simulations of spin dynamics, we find that, for gas densities in the Bose-Einstein condensate regime, the dynamics is dominated by the condensed fraction of the cloud. We spatially resolve the density overlap of impurities and gas by the spin population of impurities. Finally, we trace the coherence of impurities prepared in a coherent superposition of internal states when coupled to a gas of different densities. For our choice of states, we show that, despite high bath densities and, thus, fast thermalization rates, the impurity coherence is not affected by the bath, realizing a regime of sympathetic cooling while maintaining...
Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, Jan 30, 2017
We assessed the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) versus conservative management (CM) ... more We assessed the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) versus conservative management (CM) for treating morbid obesity in Spain. We developed a probabilistic Markov model to estimate health outcomes, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), life years gained (LYG), and costs over lifetime and 10-year horizons. Combined common BS procedures were compared with CM. Clinical and utility inputs were obtained from the literature and resource use and costs from local sources (€2017). Over the 10-year horizon, BS led to a cost increment of €9,386 and 1.6 additional QALY (€5,966/QALY). Leading to 0.6 LYG and 4.4 QALY gains and €300/patient average cost savings over lifetime, BS could potentially significantly reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk over the considered horizons. Despite short-term cost reductions, surgery delay may lead to significant clinical benefits loss. Compared to CM, BS is a more effective and less costly alternative for treating morbid obesity in Spain.
2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015
In this paper, a design approach and implementation for a vehicle communication system is present... more In this paper, a design approach and implementation for a vehicle communication system is presented, which is inspired by the structure and functioning of the human body. The goal is to reduce the current prevalent complexity, while ensuring more flexibility and safety in the vehicle communication system. To ensure this goal, we analyzed the human body and created a catalog of bionic design rules for future vehicular communication systems. In this paper, the most relevant design rules are presented. In addition, we describe the resulting concept and selected details of the implementation.
Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2014, 2014
ABSTRACT Electric/Electronic architectures in modern automobiles evolve towards an hierarchical a... more ABSTRACT Electric/Electronic architectures in modern automobiles evolve towards an hierarchical approach where functionalities from several ECUs are consolidated into few domain computers. Performance requirements directly lead to multicore solutions but also to a combination of very different requirements on such ECUs. Using virtualization in addition is one promising way of achieving segregation in time and space of shared resources. Based on examples taken from the automotive domain several concepts for efficient hardware extensions of coprocessors and I/O devices are shown in this contribution. These provide mechanisms to ensure quality of service (QoS) levels in terms of execution time, throughput and latency. The resulting infotainment architecture is a feasibility study and is integrated into a vehicle demonstrator as centralized infotainment platform (VCT).
Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of bariatric surge... more Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of bariatric surgery in a lifetime horizon from a Swedish health care payer perspective. Methods A decision analytic model using the Markov process was developed covering cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and surgical complications. Clinical effectiveness and safety were based on the literature and data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding were included in the analysis. Cost data were obtained from Swedish sources. Results Bariatric surgery was cost saving in comparison with conservative management. It also led to a substantial reduction in lifetime risk of events: from a 16 % reduction in the risk of transient ischaemic attacks to a 62 % reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Over a lifetime, surgery led to savings of €8408 and generated an additional 0.8 years of life and 4.1 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient, which translates into gains of 32,390 quality-adjusted person-years and savings of €66 million for the cohort, operated in 2012. Analysis of the consequences of a 3-year delay in surgery provision showed that the overall lifetime cost of treatment may be increased in patients with diabetes or a body mass index >40 kg/m 2. Delays in surgery may also lead to a loss of clinical benefits: up to 0.6 life years and 1.2 QALYs per patient over a lifetime. Conclusion Bariatric surgery, over a lifetime horizon, may lead to significant cost savings to health care systems in addition to the known clinical benefits.
We study the sensitivity of a collisional single-atom probe for ultracold gases. Inelastic spin-e... more We study the sensitivity of a collisional single-atom probe for ultracold gases. Inelastic spin-exchange collisions map information about the gas temperature T or external magnetic field B onto the quantum spin-population of single-atom probes, and previous work showed enhanced sensitivity for short-time nonequilibrium spin dynamics [1]. Here, we numerically investigate the steady-state sensitivity of such single-atom probes to various observables. We find that the probe shows distinct sensitivity maxima in the (B, T) parameter diagram, although the underlying spin-exchange rates scale monotonically with temperature and magnetic field. In parameter space, the probe generally has the largest sensitivity when sensing the energy ratio between thermal energy and Zeeman energy in an externally applied magnetic field, while the sensitivity to the absolute energy, i.e., the sum of kinetic and Zeeman energy, is low. We identify the parameters yielding sensitivity maxima for a given absolute energy, which we can relate to a direct comparison of the thermal Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with the Zeeman-energy splitting. We compare our equilibrium results to nonequilibrium experimental results from a single-atom quantum probe, showing that the sensitivity maxima in parameter space qualitatively prevail also in the nonequilibrium dynamics, while a quantitative difference remains. Our work thereby offers a microscopic explanation for the properties and performance of this single-atom quantum probe, connecting thermodynamic properties to microscopic interaction mechanisms. Our results pave the way for optimization of quantum-probe applications in (B, T) parameter space beyond the previously shown boost by nonequilibrium dynamics.
Additional file 5. List of excluded studies after full-text screening. Table includes all studies... more Additional file 5. List of excluded studies after full-text screening. Table includes all studies, that were excluded after full-text review with reason for exclusion.
Modern vehicles are characterized by multiple systems to represent customer functions. The steady... more Modern vehicles are characterized by multiple systems to represent customer functions. The steady increase of these functions leads to an increasing system complexity. This paper describes a structured approach to master better the complexity for future E/E (Electric and Electronic) systems. The new approach is based on a combination of two existing system models. The first system model is based on a cybernetic perspective for a management model for an electrical energy electrical system. The second system model is based on the work of the section "Organic Computing" of the "Gesellschaft der Informatik e.V.". In addition, principles were taken from the human body to design this system approach. Based on these, the Cyber Organic System (COS) model is proposed for use in automotive E/E systems. Also, this model focus the distribution of the overall function to the 3C locations. In the end of this paper, the use of this model in automotive environment will be outlin...
Systems with mixed and independent levels of security and safety become more and more important i... more Systems with mixed and independent levels of security and safety become more and more important in the future. In the German funded Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) research project ARAMiS (Automotive, Railway and Avionic Multicore Systems) different industry and scientific partners concerned on using multi-core processor for different security and safety critical use-cases. This paper describes the motivation and use-cases behind the research actives in different mobility domains. Also two detailed descriptions and a comparison of two implementation for Multiple Independent Levels of Security and Safety (MILS) systems in mobility domains are included. In the end of the paper a outlook is given on potential further research activities on this research topic.
Quantum heat engines are subjected to quantum fluctuations related to their discrete energy spect... more Quantum heat engines are subjected to quantum fluctuations related to their discrete energy spectra. Such fluctuations question the reliable operation of thermal machines in the quantum regime. Here, we realize an endoreversible quantum Otto cycle in the large quasi-spin states of Cesium impurities immersed in an ultracold Rubidium bath. Endoreversible machines are internally reversible and irreversible losses only occur via thermal contact. We employ quantum control to regulate the direction of heat transfer that occurs via inelastic spin-exchange collisions. We further use full-counting statistics of individual atoms to monitor quantized heat exchange between engine and bath at the level of single quanta, and additionally evaluate average and variance of the power output. We optimize the performance as well as the stability of the quantum heat engine, achieving high efficiency, large power output and small power output fluctuations.
Characterizing and optimizing thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a challenge. This i... more Characterizing and optimizing thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a challenge. This is especially true for nanoscopic systems made of few particles. We here theoretically and experimentally investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a gas of few noninteracting Cesium atoms confined in a nonharmonic optical dipole trap and exposed to degenerate Raman sideband cooling pulses. We determine the axial phase-space distribution of the atoms after each Raman cooling pulse by tracing the evolution of the gas with position-resolved fluorescence imaging. We evaluate from it the entropy production and the statistical length between each cooling steps. A single Raman pulse leads to a nonequilibrium state that does not thermalize on its own, due to the absence of interparticle collisions. Thermalization may be achieved by combining free phase-space evolution and trains of cooling pulses. We minimize the entropy production to a target thermal state to specify the optimal spacing between a sequence of equally spaced pulses and achieve in this way optimal thermalization. We finally use the statistical length to verify a refined version of the second law of thermodynamics Altogether, these findings provide a general, theoretical and experimental, framework to analyze and optimize far-from-equilibrium processes of few-particle systems.
BackgroundSepsis and septic shock remain drivers for mortality in critically ill patients. The he... more BackgroundSepsis and septic shock remain drivers for mortality in critically ill patients. The heterogeneity of the syndrome hinders the generation of reproducible numbers on mortality risks. Consequently, mortality rates range from 15 to 56%. We aimed to update and extend the existing knowledge from meta-analyses and estimate 30- and 90-day mortality rates for sepsis and septic shock separately, stratify rates by region and study type and assess mortality rates across different sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of articles published in PubMed or in the Cochrane Database, between 2009 and 2019 in English language including interventional and observational studies. A meta-analysis of pooled 28/30- and 90-day mortality rated separately for sepsis and septic shock was done using a random-effects model. Time trends were assessed via Joinpoint methodology and for the assessment of mortality rate over different SOFA scores, and linea...
Background Acute coronary syndrome patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy who need emergent... more Background Acute coronary syndrome patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy who need emergent or urgent cardiac surgery are at high risk of major bleeding, which can impair postoperative outcomes. CytoSorb ® , a blood purification technology based on adsorbent polymer, has been demonstrated to remove ticagrelor from blood during on-pump cardiac surgery. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost utility of intraoperative removal of ticagrelor using CytoSorb versus usual care among patients requiring emergent or urgent cardiac surgery in the UK. Methods A de novo decision analytic model, based on current treatment pathways, was developed to estimate the short-and long-term costs and outcomes. Results from randomised clinical trials and national standard sources such as National Health Service (NHS) reference costs were used to inform the model. Costs were estimated from the NHS and Personal Social Services perspective. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) explored the uncertainty surrounding the input parameters. Results In emergent cardiac surgery, intraoperative removal of ticagrelor using CytoSorb was less costly (£12,933 vs. £16,874) and more effective (0.06201vs. 0.06091 quality-adjusted life-years) than cardiac surgery without physiologic clearance of ticagrelor over a 30-day time horizon. For urgent cardiac surgery, the use of CytoSorb was less costly than any of the three comparators-delaying surgery for natural washout without adjunctive therapy, adjunctive therapy with short-acting antiplatelet agents, or adjunctive therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin. Results from the PSAs showed that CytoSorb has a high probability of being cost saving (99% in emergent cardiac surgery and 53-77% in urgent cardiac surgery, depending on the comparators). Cost savings derive from fewer transfusions of blood products and re-thoracotomies, and shorter stay in the hospital/intensive care unit. Conclusions The implementation of CytoSorb as an intraoperative intervention for patients receiving ticagrelor undergoing emergent or urgent cardiac surgery is a cost-saving strategy, yielding improvement in perioperative and postoperative outcomes and decreased health resource use.
We employ collisions of individual atomic Cesium (Cs) impurities with an ultracold Rubidium (Rb) ... more We employ collisions of individual atomic Cesium (Cs) impurities with an ultracold Rubidium (Rb) gas to probe atomic interaction with hyperfine-and Zeeman-state sensitivity. Controlling the Rb bath's internal state yields access to novel phenomena observed in inter-atomic spin-exchange. These can be tailored at ultra-low energies, owing to the excellent experimental control over all relevant energy scales. First, detecting spin-exchange dynamics in the Cs hyperfine state manifold, we resolve a series of previously unreported Feshbach resonances at magnetic fields below 300 mG, separated by energies as low as h × 15 kHz. The series originates from a coupling to molecular states with binding energies below h × 1 kHz and wave function extensions in the µm range. Second, at magnetic fields below ≈ 100 mG, we observe the emergence of a new reaction path for alkali atoms, where in a single, direct collision between two atoms two quanta of angular momentum can be transferred. This path originates from the hyperfine-analogue of dipolar spin-spin relaxation. Our work yields control of subtle ultra-low-energy features of atomic collision dynamics, opening new routes for advanced state-to-state chemistry, for controlling spin-exchange in quantum many-body systems for solid state simulations, or for determination of high-precision molecular potentials.
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2018
We report on the experimental doping of a 87 Rubidium (Rb) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with in... more We report on the experimental doping of a 87 Rubidium (Rb) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with individual neutral 133 Cesium (Cs) atoms. We discuss the experimental tools and procedures to facilitate Cs-Rb interaction. First, we use degenerate Raman side-band cooling of the impurities to enhance the immersion efficiency for the impurity in the quantum gas. We identify the immersed fraction of Cs impurities from the thermalization of Cs atoms upon impinging on a BEC, where elastic collisions lead to a localization of Cs atoms in the Rb cloud. Second, further enhancement of the immersion probability is obtained by localizing the Cs atoms in a species-selective optical lattice and subsequent transport into the Rb cloud. Here, impurity-BEC interaction is monitored by position and time resolved three-body loss of Cs impurities immersed into the BEC. This combination of experimental methods allows for the controlled doping of a BEC with neutral impurity atoms, paving the way to impurity aided probing and coherent impurity-quantum bath interaction.
We report on spin dynamics of individual, localized neutral impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstei... more We report on spin dynamics of individual, localized neutral impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Single cesium atoms are transported into a cloud of rubidium atoms and thermalize with the bath, and the ensuing spin exchange between localized impurities with quasispin F_{i}=3 and bath atoms with F_{b}=1 is resolved. Comparing our data to numerical simulations of spin dynamics, we find that, for gas densities in the Bose-Einstein condensate regime, the dynamics is dominated by the condensed fraction of the cloud. We spatially resolve the density overlap of impurities and gas by the spin population of impurities. Finally, we trace the coherence of impurities prepared in a coherent superposition of internal states when coupled to a gas of different densities. For our choice of states, we show that, despite high bath densities and, thus, fast thermalization rates, the impurity coherence is not affected by the bath, realizing a regime of sympathetic cooling while maintaining...
Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, Jan 30, 2017
We assessed the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) versus conservative management (CM) ... more We assessed the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) versus conservative management (CM) for treating morbid obesity in Spain. We developed a probabilistic Markov model to estimate health outcomes, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), life years gained (LYG), and costs over lifetime and 10-year horizons. Combined common BS procedures were compared with CM. Clinical and utility inputs were obtained from the literature and resource use and costs from local sources (€2017). Over the 10-year horizon, BS led to a cost increment of €9,386 and 1.6 additional QALY (€5,966/QALY). Leading to 0.6 LYG and 4.4 QALY gains and €300/patient average cost savings over lifetime, BS could potentially significantly reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk over the considered horizons. Despite short-term cost reductions, surgery delay may lead to significant clinical benefits loss. Compared to CM, BS is a more effective and less costly alternative for treating morbid obesity in Spain.
2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 2015
In this paper, a design approach and implementation for a vehicle communication system is present... more In this paper, a design approach and implementation for a vehicle communication system is presented, which is inspired by the structure and functioning of the human body. The goal is to reduce the current prevalent complexity, while ensuring more flexibility and safety in the vehicle communication system. To ensure this goal, we analyzed the human body and created a catalog of bionic design rules for future vehicular communication systems. In this paper, the most relevant design rules are presented. In addition, we describe the resulting concept and selected details of the implementation.
Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), 2014, 2014
ABSTRACT Electric/Electronic architectures in modern automobiles evolve towards an hierarchical a... more ABSTRACT Electric/Electronic architectures in modern automobiles evolve towards an hierarchical approach where functionalities from several ECUs are consolidated into few domain computers. Performance requirements directly lead to multicore solutions but also to a combination of very different requirements on such ECUs. Using virtualization in addition is one promising way of achieving segregation in time and space of shared resources. Based on examples taken from the automotive domain several concepts for efficient hardware extensions of coprocessors and I/O devices are shown in this contribution. These provide mechanisms to ensure quality of service (QoS) levels in terms of execution time, throughput and latency. The resulting infotainment architecture is a feasibility study and is integrated into a vehicle demonstrator as centralized infotainment platform (VCT).
Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of bariatric surge... more Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of bariatric surgery in a lifetime horizon from a Swedish health care payer perspective. Methods A decision analytic model using the Markov process was developed covering cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and surgical complications. Clinical effectiveness and safety were based on the literature and data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding were included in the analysis. Cost data were obtained from Swedish sources. Results Bariatric surgery was cost saving in comparison with conservative management. It also led to a substantial reduction in lifetime risk of events: from a 16 % reduction in the risk of transient ischaemic attacks to a 62 % reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Over a lifetime, surgery led to savings of €8408 and generated an additional 0.8 years of life and 4.1 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient, which translates into gains of 32,390 quality-adjusted person-years and savings of €66 million for the cohort, operated in 2012. Analysis of the consequences of a 3-year delay in surgery provision showed that the overall lifetime cost of treatment may be increased in patients with diabetes or a body mass index >40 kg/m 2. Delays in surgery may also lead to a loss of clinical benefits: up to 0.6 life years and 1.2 QALYs per patient over a lifetime. Conclusion Bariatric surgery, over a lifetime horizon, may lead to significant cost savings to health care systems in addition to the known clinical benefits.
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